Madzimai Decembrists

Russia akayera upenyu hwaJobho hwachinja muna 1825, musi 14 December. Pazuva iri kwakava kumukira pakati Decembrists. Rakanga zvoutsinye woutsinye, kuferefeta akakwezva 579 kuvashanu. Five andotongerwa rufu, vakatongerwa pakupona vanhu 120 vakaendeswa kuSiberia. Pashure pokutongwa rapera, vose avo vakatongerwa pakaziviswa enyika matsotsi uye pamutemo akafa.

"The rufu enyika" aireva ipapo pamutemo kurasikirwa chaizvoizvo zvose kodzero mugari wenyika yacho. Madzimai Decembrists vaifanira kusarudza mugumo wavo mberi. Vaigona kuwana kurambana kana kugara akaroorwa. Uyewo, vakadzi vakapiwa mukana kuenda kujeri vanhu. Zviviri kudare kuti kurambana.

Modernity aiziva mazita vakadzi gumi - shamwari okutanga kuipandukira yeRussia, Decembrists - vakatevera varume avo zvakaoma kuSiberia. Vakanga kwete epachivande, haana kutora chikamu kwazvakarerekera, zvisinei, akaita umhare chiito.

Feat madzimai Decembrists kwete chete zvinoratidza rudo rwavo uye kuzvipira pevarume vavo. Vanorarama nevoruzhinji iyoyo vakaonga chiito yavo, achichipa munoremekedza munzanga uye enyika kukosha. Nokuzvidira kutevera "nehurumende matsotsi", madzimai Decembrists, uyewo varume vavo, ndazvitaura kuzorwa serfdom uye autocracy, kwete kutya kurasikirwa zvinobatsira avo uye neropafadzo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Nicholas 1, kusika zvipingamupinyi zvemarudzi ose kuenda madzimai Decembrists. Chimwe chezvinhu inoomesera ezvinhu akanga vachisiya Russia muvana European.

First akaenda kumurume Catherine Trubetskaya. Pana mwedzi mitanhatu, akanga akasungwa muna Irkutsk Tseydler (gavhuna dzomunharaunda), uyo akashumira Tsarist chakavanzika mushonga uye kuita zvose zvinobvira kuti adzoke. Troubetzkoy aifanira kusaina wandei sungiro izvo kunyimwa wake nyore kodzero dzevanhu. Tseydler akati rwendo Duchess murume anogona kutora nzvimbo chete pachikuva, pedyo zvakaoma. Zvisinei, Catherine Trubetskaya akanga akatsunga. Pakupedzisira, iye akaenda kumurume.

Pakutanga 1827 kuSiberia, ari Nerchinsk zvimbambaira pashure Troubetzkoy akauya Aleksandra Muraveva uye Maria Volkonskaia. Kubva panguva iyi yokutanga kusvika pakati Decembrists vakadzi vakatanga basa ravo pachena. Panozopera gore mumigodhi vakauya nevamwe vakadzi: Alexander Yentaltseva Anna Rosen, Aleksandra Davydova, Natalia Fonvizin, Elizabeth Naryshkin, Camilla Ivashov, Praskovya Annenkov, Maria Yushnevsky.

Angaratidza "matsotsi nehurumende" vairambidzwa kunyora tsamba. Madzimai Decembrists akasimbisa ukama hama vasungwa. zita Women vakauya mabhuku, kusanganisira vokune dzimwe nyika ndivo.

Akasvika Siberia vakadzi vaigara nyore. Ivo pachavo vaifanira kubika, kusuka, kudziyisa chitofu. Zviri mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, muduku aristocrat aigona kunzwisisa kukosha muupenyu.

Wife pamusoro Nikita Muravyov, Alexander, vachifungawo ngozi, vakauya uye chinhu pamusoro mabasa Pushkin, vakazvitsaurira Pushchin ( "shamwari yangu yokutanga," "In kuSiberia"). Kana panguva kutsvaka iye akawana nhetembo, iye aizova mujeri.

Aleksandra Muraveva akararama kuSiberia refu. In yechando, kumhanya pamusoro sandara kuvana murume wake kamuri, akabata kuchitonhora uye akafa nokukurumidza.

Yakanga asiri kugarwa nemadzimai maviri (Troubetzkoy uye Ivasheva). Vakadzi vatatu chirikadzi; vakabvumirwa kudzoka mushure vakawanda ruregerero muna 1856. vakadzi vaviri vakaenda Caucasus nevarume vavo (Naryshkin uye Rosen). Vakadzi vatatu akasunungura - akadzoka pashure imwe ruregero iri European kwenyika (Annenkov, Volkonskaia, Fonvizin).

Decembrists nemadzimai avo vakadzoka pashure makumi matatu Links chavanoziva enyika makore. kuvenga kwake serfdom uye autocracy vakatakudzwa kuburikidza mumakore ose aya.