Sezvo makarekare vanhu vakafunga Nyika uye chii zvachinja kubva ipapo?

Kubvira kare, kudzidza zvakatipoteredza uye kuwedzera mhenyu nzvimbo, vanhu vaifunga sei nyika inoshanda, kwaanogara. Kuedza kutsanangura urongwa Pasi uye zvakasikwa, akashandisa ake pedyo uye anonzwisisika Mapato, kupfuura zvose, richiswedera kufanana pamwe vanoziva hunhu uye Nzvimbo yaairarama. How vanhu inoshandiswa kumirira Earth? Chii vakafunga vake chimiro uye nzvimbo muchadenga? Sei zvakachinja nokufamba kwenguva vaita? izvi zvose anobvumira kuziva nhoroondo zvinyorwa kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi.

Sezvo vekare vanhu vakafunga Nyika

The prototypes of mepu okutanga vanozivikanwa kwatiri muchimiro zvifananidzo, kusiiwa madzibaba edu bako pamadziro, notches pamatombo uye mapfupa mhuka. Vaongorori vakawana yokunyora nokudhirowa izvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. vanodhirowa izvi inoratidza kuvhima, nzvimbo uko miners mutambo yakatarwa misungo, uyewo zvinodhura.

Schematically kuratidza nzizi, nomumapako, makomo, masango ari kuwanikwa zvinhu, murume wakatsvaka akatamisa mashoko pamusoro pavo zvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Kusiyanisa navo vanoshamwaridzana Properties kubva itsva, chete akazaruka, vanhu akavapa mazita. Saka, vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma kuunganidza kwavanogara ruzivo. Uye kunyange zvino, madzibaba edu vakatanga kushamisika nezvezvinotaura Earth.

Sei vanhu vekare vaifungidzira Nyika, zvikurukuru novimba hunhu kuzorodzwa uye okunze yenzvimbo kwavaigara. Nekuti marudzi ose pamusoro nyika kwavowo taona nyika, uye maonero aya zvakasiyana chaizvo.

Bhabhironi

Anokosha ezvakaitika kare mashoko nezvokuti vanhu vekare akafungidzira Earth isu takasiya budiriro, vaigara munyika pakati rwaTigrisi uye rwizi rwaYufratesi, vaigara Nile Delta neMediterranean Coast (nharaunda ano Asia Minor uye kumaodzanyemba kweEurope). ruzivo Iri makore anopfuura zviuru zvitanhatu.

Saka, vaBhabhironi vekare vaidavira Nyika "gomo nyika", riri nechokumadokero kwenzvimbo yakatenuka waiva muBhabhironi - nyika yavo. maonero ichi anosimudzirwa ndechokuti nechokumabvazuva nyika vaiziva vakazorora pamusoro marefu, risina munhu akatsunga kuenda.

Kumaodzanyemba Babylonia ndiye gungwa. Izvi akabvumira vanhu kuti vatende kuti "gomo nyika" chaizvoizvo kumativi, akashamba pagungwa kumativi ose. Gungwa kufanana inverted mbiya, nyika yakasimba inobva kudenga, inova zvikuru kufanana Earth. Panowo, yaiva "nyika" yake, "mhepo" uye "mvura". Sushi vaitamba bhandi zodiacal enyeredzi, yokudenga akadzikatidza "gungwa" rakafanana dhamu. Zvaidavirwa kuti ichi chivimbo mwedzi, zuva uye nemapuraneti akawanda. Sky VaBhabhironi akafungidzira dzokugara wavanamwari.

Mweya yavanhu vakafa, Ukuwo, vaigara "rakadzikadzika" pachivande. Usiku, zuva, mugungwa, vaifanira kuenda kuburikidza kubako ichi kubva kumavirira kunogumira nyika kumabvazuva, uye mangwanani, akamuka kubva kugungwa kokudenga, kutanga zvakare pazuva rake chinhambwe.

Hwaro sei Pasi Aimiririrwa vanhu muBhabhironi, vakapiwa Kuongorora zvakasikwa. Zvisinei, angadzidudzira vaBhabhironi vakasagona.

Palestine

Kana vanogara munyika ino, panyika ino hunodzorwa nemamwe maonero zvakasiyana kubva kuBhabhironi. VaHebheru vekare vaigara sandarara nomunzvimbo dzine. Naizvozvo nyika muchiratidzo dzavo vakatarira pachena, izvo dzimwe nguva akayambuka makomo.

Mhepo, vachiuya kwemvura, mvura iri vakagaramo Palestinian dzidziso nzvimbo inokosha. Kurarama "bhandi dzakaderera" dzokudenga, ivo dzakaparadzaniswa "mvura yokudenga" kubva pepasi. Mvura, mukuwedzera, paiva, uye pasi penyika, zvokudya kunze mumakungwa uye nzizi yawo pamusoro.

India, Japan, China

Zvichida ngano yakakurumbira zvikuru nhasi, ndichizivisa sei vanhu vekare akafungidzira Earth yaiumbwa maIndia yekare. vanhu ava vaidavira kuti pasi chaizvoizvo ane chimiro hemisphere, iyo anoisa pamusoro pamafudzi avana nzou ina. nzou izvi vakamira kuseri hofori hamba chaiyangarara isingaperi Gungwa mukaka. Zvisikwa zvose izvi twine akawanda zvindori dema nechiva Sesa, wakange ane zviuru zvishomanana. misoro izvi, maererano nezvinodavirwa maIndia, propped vakasimudza muchadenga.

Land iri kumiririrwa vokuJapan vekare vakasundira kundima kuzivikanwa kwavari zvitsuwa. Zvinonzi anonzi munhu cubic chimiro, uye kakawanda kudengenyeka kuitika kumusha kwavo, akatsanangura bongozozo moto-kufema zibukanana, kugara kwayo mukati zvakadzika.

Vagari vekare China Iva nechokwadi kuti nyika - ari sandara rectangle, kumakona ayo mbiru ina voga, muchibatisisa convex rising kudenga. Kamwe mumwe mbiru kwave hwakakungwa nevanhu vakatsamwa Shato, uye kubva ipapo Land Bank kumabvazuva, uye denga - kumavirira. Saka Chinese vakatsanangurira nei zvose mitumbi yokudenga tichida kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira, uye hova dzose munyika yavo runoyerera kumabvazuva.

VaAztec uye Mayans

Zvinofadza kuziva kuti Earth Aimiririrwa vanhu vekare vakanga vagere yeAmerica. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Mayan vanhu nechivimbo kuti Panyika kwacho sikweya. Kubva payo rinokura Initial Tree. Pamakona, zvichinyatso enderana known nyika kubudikidza mapati, rakaramba zvina akafanana Tree - World. Eastern Tree aiva mutsvuku, ruvara chemambakwedza, kuchamhembe - chena, nechokumadokero - black sezvo usiku, uye rwezasi - yeyero sezuva.

Muchinyatsochenjerera kufamba mitumbi yokudenga, Mayan nyanzvi akacherechedza kuti mumwe nomumwe wavo kunoratidzwa nenzira kwayo. Kubva izvi vakatevera pakugumisa kuti mumwe nyeredzi zvinopfakanyika kwayo "rukoko" kudenga. Yose zvayo, "matenga" yaiva gumi zvinotendwa vaMaya.

Asi mumwe vanhu vekare America, vaAztec, Pasi ndokuonekwa shanu akaenzana kurongwa nenzira checkerboard muenzaniso. Pakati waiva terra Firma navanamwari, akanga akapoteredzwa mvura. The yasara sectors mana anoumba nyika, vane zvavo hunhu features, ruvara, kugarwa nevanhu anokosha zvinomera uye mhuka.

vaGiriki vekare

In chinonyanya yekare mifananidzo rechiGiriki Vagari Panyika anonzi ari bulging Disc, rakafanana nhovo somurwi. Above ndiro denga hwemhangura, iro zuva unotii. Zvaidavirwa kuti nyika kumativi ose akakombwa parwizi - gungwa.

Nokufamba kwenguva, chiratidzo Earth vaGiriki kuchinja. Scientist Anaximander, uyo akararama muzana remakore rechina BC, vaiona wake "nepakati pezviri muchadenga 'uye vakagumisa kuti mapoka enyeredzi dzokudenga vari kufamba mudenderedzwa.

The yakakurumbira Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras pakutanga akaratidza pfungwa yokuti Pasi ndiye idenderedzwa. Asi Aristarh Samossky, vaigara Greece makore anopfuura 2300 apfuura, vakasvika pakugumisa kuti pasi redu inotenderera zuva uye kwete vakutarisire. Zvisinei, vomunguva yake havana kumutenda, uye vafa Kuwanikwa yake Arisitako nokukurumidza kukanganwika.

vakanga sei vanhu Pasi kuMiddle Ages

With kukura zvemichina uye chikepe yezvebhizimisi vanhu vakatanga kuita zvakawanda kure kufamba, kuwedzera Nzvimbo ruzivo, kuita zvakawanda uye uwane mepu. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakatanga kuunganidza uchapupu kuti tigumise pamusoro idenderedzwa Maumbirwe Earth. VokuEurope nonyanya kubudirira ichi munguva iri Great Geographical Discoveries.

Makore anenge mazana mashanu apfuura, imwe vokuPoland musayendisiti zvomuchadenga Nikolay Kopernik, ndichiona nyeredzi, vakawana kuti nechepakati wezvose chaizvo zuva, kwete Earth. Anenge makore 40 pashure pokufa Copernicus, pfungwa dzake dzakanga yakataurwa Italian Galileo Galilei. musayendisiti ichi akakwanisa kuti zvose dzomuchadenga zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, kusanganisira Earth, chokwadi, Anoisa zuva. Galileo akapomerwa pedzidziso uye kumanikidzwa kuchinja zvaakanga ataura zvaanodzidzisa.

Zvisinei, wokuEngland Isaac Newton, uyo akaberekwa gore pashure pokufa Galileo, pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuwana mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi. On hwaro ichi, akatsanangura nei Moon chawo paunotenderera Earth, uye nyika pamwe satellites uye vakawanda zvomuchadenga muviri inotenderera zuva.