Kugara zvokurekodhwa munhau - zvinyorwa, uchapupu uye sayenzi Muronga

Kugara zvokurekodhwa munhau yakaitika mumazuva okutanga muchikamu nokuda maturo uye chido kuratidza kuvazukuru mabasa makuru vatongi yekare. Dzezvakaitwa vatongi - chaiye kana vemungano - akaumba hwaro okutanga yaMakoronike, iyo anovhura nzira kuti zivo nyika yekare. Historical zviitiko uye nhau zvinogona kududzirwa zvechokwadi kana nemaune, asi isu sevanhu vedzinza kure, vanofarira chero scraps mashoko kuti dziri munzvimbo yaMakoronike yekare.

The zvakarekodhwa yokutanga

Mukuru mashoko nezvoupenyu amadzitateguru edu inowanikwa muzvinyorwa vaGiriki vekare uye vapristi veIjipiti. Rock Zvinyorwa, zvimedu yematehwe uye dzaiita retellings nheyo chidzidzo kare vanhu. Gare gare, pamwe kukura kunyora kugara zvokurekodhwa munhau hwava Kunyatsoziva - vakaedza kuongorora nhoroondo emakore akapfuura uye kuongorora navo. Saizvozvo akazviratidza nhoroondo yokutanga. First muchirumbidza zvinyorwa ndeyemunguva kure nguva dzomunyika India, Mesopotamia, China uye Ijipiti pakutanga.

siyana zvinyorwa

Yakawanda uchapupu pamusoro zviitiko zvenyika yekare muBhaibheri uye Talmud. Somuenzaniso, kutaurwa mambo wekare Nabu-kudurri-usur inowanikwa weAkkadian yaMakoronike. Chii chaiva mambo, uye pakanga hwake kuti chii nguva - mubvunzo uyu akagamuchirwa kudiwa. Kugara zvokurekodhwa munhau havana kupa ruzivo rakakwana, uye dzinopesana uye dzinovhiringidza mhirikiro chenhau nenguva kubva kare kare zvachose akavhiringidzwa. Zvakatora kuitwa Zvizvarwa dzekare uye vatsvakurudzi kuziva mambo yekare weMesopotamia pamwe zvebhaibheri Nebhukadhinezari uye chigaro chake ushe. Vasingatyi dzekare zvekungofungira vakazopiwa kwakaitika matongo Zvakafukunurwa, uye nhungamiro zvokufambidzana ano kwakavakirwa kuongorora radioactive isotopes ose kabhoni akabvumira yekudyidzana achitetepesa pasi nguva pepuranga uye pfungwa yaitonga ichatonga zvine mbiri imwe imba.

yaMakoronike-Russian zvose

Ichatonga zvine mbiri Kievan Rus akatanga clocking zviitiko rekare wehurumende. YaMakoronike akawanda ekare ari Nestorovskaya Chronicle, yakatangwa Kyiv mu yechipiri yezana remakore rechi12. Nestor akaunganidza zvose mashoko uye nyaya inotungamirwa Rus 'uye akavapa kukwana uye yokuronga patsva.

Gare gare zvinyorwa yomusi 14-15 emakore. To dzakararama Vladimir nzvimbo, iyo Radziwill Chronicle, hwakavigwa mumakamuri uye Lavrentiev Hypatius mavambo. Panoperera ane Russian zvose Chronicle akasikwa rechi16 - anonzi Nikon Chronicle, iyo woga anozivikanwa zvose panguva chikuru zvinyorwa nokusika yako chako rondedzero.

Chronology uye periodization

Scraps mashoko vasina akarayira uye vakapiwa yakawanda kururama. The kutaurwa mumwe mutongi aichimbosanganamo kakawanda, uye zvakanga zvakaoma zvikuru kuziva navo zvechokwadi munhau. Names chenhau nguva uye zviitiko zvakawanda kakawanda uye nguva yakagadzirwa zvikuru gare gare. kusiyana kwavo uye kushandisa rinokosha dhipatimendi yezvidzidzo sayenzi - munhoroondo nguva.

Various zvokukura nhau ruzivo kwenyika vavapo nokuda kwevanhu kudiwa systematizing uye ichiudza siyana zviitiko zvekare. Paiva kudiwa periodization - ari hurumende ichiisa siyana nzendo nhoroondo uye nokunzwisisa kwavo kugutsikana. Kwakadaro nguva munhoroondo rinofanira kubva chero zvakafanana unhu kuti kubvumira zviitiko siyana kupinda imwe chete. Somuenzaniso, panguva Kingdom Old Paaiita maruva muranda maitiro uye zvichingodaro.

Calendar uye nhoroondo Counts

The kupfuura nyore musimboti yekuverenga nguva uye epochs ndiyo nzira karenda. Various zera akasungirirwa nhoroondo nguva iyo kuverengwa chaiitirwa pacharo. Gare gare zvinyorwa akagoverana nhoroondo nguva kupinda epochs maviri makuru - Kristu asati uye pashure Kristu.

Historical mimwe vanozivikanwa kubva pakadzika nguva. Ipapo nguva hauonekwi ari mupenyu mumwe kana mumwe raitonga dzinza. Kunyange mazuva ano, nzira iyi yakakurumbira zvikuru - masayendisiti Somuenzaniso, kusiyanisa ekutonga Tudors muEngland kana mashoko enyaya chiitiko muna China, kufambidzana kwayo nguva yacho Tang dzinza. Unogona kuona kuti iye nevamwe dzose zvokurekodhwa munhau rakanyatsojeka nyore - the kupatsanura pakati pakarenda unokubvumira zvakarurama kuisa nguva dzezvisingaperi chiitiko. Unosungira nenhoroondo kupatsanura anoratidza zvinoitwa rapfuura kumwedzi.

Kugara zvokurekodhwa munhau riri kuitwa, kufungisisa zvose iripo vezvenhau. Isu takasiya yakawanda uchapupu hwedu. Zvichida zvizvarwa zvedu achakwanisa kunzwisisa zvakawanda zvinhu zvoupenyu hwedu ano uye kuvapa vakadzikama kufungidzira.