Ancient Egypt: The zviratidzo uye dzavo nezvaanoreva

Mumwe kiyi nharaunda kuti tsika avasakadza rose budiriro - Ancient Egypt. Zviratidzo tsika iyi kudzidzwa kusvikira zvino, ivo kutamba zvikuru kukosha kunzwisisa budiriro yakakura iyi. Raiva anenge mukati miganhu yazvino mamiriro chete zita iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva Africa.

History zviratidzo veIjipiti

Mythology - huru tsika zvinoriumba, iyo inozivikanwa Ancient Egypt. Zviratidzo zvavanamwari, mhuka, uye zvakasikwa zviri kufarira nevaongorori. Panguva iyoyowo iye akatsvaka nzira yokusika mungano zvakaoma zvikuru.

manyuko rakanyorwa, anokodzera, akazviratidza gare gare. Chii pachena - vakasimudzira zvikuru mauto eIjipiti zvakasikwa. Ndiro kuchengetwa kukura chero yekare wehurumende. Vanhu vakararama Kristu asati, akaedza kutsanangura pachangu sei ose Zuva parinobuda, Nile runofashukira mahombekombe arwo ose gore, uye kutinhira nemheni nguva nenguva kuwa pamisoro yavo. Somugumisiro zvakasikwa akapa naMwari. Saka pane chiratidzo choupenyu, tsika, simba.

Uye vanhu vakacherechedza kuti vanamwari havana zvakanaka navo nguva dzose. Neal aigona teura yakaderera chaizvo, zvichiguma yokukohwa gore murombo uye haizopereri nzara. Panyaya iyi, vaIjipiti vekare vaidavira kuti chimwe chinhu zvakagumbura vanamwari uye vakaita zvavaikwanisa kuvafadza, kuti izvi haisi kudzokororwa makei. Izvi zvose wakapata hombe basa munyika dzakadai Ancient Egypt. Zviratidzo nezviratidzo vakabatsira kunzwisisa yakapoteredza chokwadi.

simba zviratidzo

Vatongi Ancient Egypt vanaFarao akadana pachavo. Farao kwainzi mwari-kufanana mambo, akanga akanamata muupenyu hwake uye pashure porufu rwake akavigwa mumakuva huru, huzhinji achiripo kusvikira nhasi.

Zviratidzo simba muIjipiti yekare - ari goridhe vasunge ndebvu dzake, tsvimbo yake uye korona. Mumazuva muEgipita mamiriro mangwanani, apo nyika Membros Nile usati vakabatana, mubati mumwe nomumwe wavo aiva pachavo korona kwayo uye anokosha zviratidzo simba. Panyaya iyi, mutongi mukuru wenyika korona kweEgypt akanga chena uye aiva chimiro Bowling nembambo. In Lower Egypt Farao aipfeka dzvuku korona-kufanana humburumbira. United umambo Egyptian Farao akaita Men. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Crown Chokwadi, vakabatana kuisa mumwe kupinda mumwe, apo ukaramba dzavo mavara.

Dual Crown akadana pschent - chiratidzo simba muIjipiti yekare, izvo zvakachengetedzwa kwemakore akawanda. Panguva iyoyowo, mumwe korona mubati Membros muIjipiti aiva nezita zvaro. White yainzi Atef, tsvuku - hedjet.

Panguva iyoyowo, vatongi vechiIjipiti vakakomba pachavo pamwe kumboitika hwokusanyara. Pashure pezvose, vakanzi vanakomana mukuru mwari zuva Ra. Saka, zviri pakati vanafarao muIjipiti yekare nyore ikapenya. Kuwedzera izvi zviri ane hoop, iyo chinofananidzira nyoka ureus. Aiva nemukurumbira nokuruma kwayo vanotozvikuvadza kunourayiwa pakarepo. Mufananidzo nyoka raiva akapoteredza waFarao musoro, musoro ndizvo chaizvo pakati.

Kazhinji, nyoka - akakurumbira zvikuru zviratidzo simba raFarao muIjipiti yekare. Dzinoratidza kwete chete pamusoro mucheka, asiwo korona, nenguwani zvechiuto uye kunyange bhandi rake. Munzira, vakanga vaine zvishongo zvendarama, mabwe anokosha uye mavara enamel.

zviratidzo pavamwari

Vamwari vakaita basa rinokosha vagumirwe sezvo Ancient Egypt. Zviratidzo chokuita navo vakasonganira omumwe remangwana uye chokwadi. Zvino mazita naMwari venyama yaiva hombe. Kuwedzera kune vanamwari vake vanamwarikadzi, omugungwa kunyange anonamatwa pfungwa.

Chimwe chikuru vanamwari veIjipiti - yaAmun. In vushe pamwe muIjipita waiva musoro mukuru pakati pantheon. Zvaidavirwa kuti kunoita vose vanhu, vamwe vamwari uye nezvose. Ake chiratidzo chaiva korona neminhenga maviri akareba kana anofananidzirwa pamwe zuva dhisiki, nokuti vaiona mwari zuva rose zvakasikwa. In Egyptian grabnitsah yekare akawana vanodhirowa aAmoni, raakanga rinowanikwa achinyepera negondohwe kana munhu aine wegondohwe.

Realm vakafa vari mungano ichi vakananga Anubis. Akanga zvakare sechinhu chokumbofanobata murindi makuva - makuva pevhu uye crypts, uye vakatanga kuomesa zvitunha - yakasiyana nedzimwe nzira kuti kunotadzisa kuorera mazviri zvitunha zvave kushandiswa aizovigwa vanaFarao.

Zviratidzo muIjipiti vanamwari vekare vakanga kazhinji dzaiwanzova pavaisangana. Anubis kare anofananidzirwa ne musoro wembwa kana jackal ane dzvuku chipika muchimiro chishongo. hunhu ake akanga kuchinja Ankh - muchinjikwa zvikamu aine mhete kuti yaimiririra husingaperi, uas - youshe, yaiva simba rinoporesa dhimoni paSheori.

Asi pane zvave inofadza zvikuru uye akanaka vanamwari. Somuenzaniso, Bast Bast kana. mwarikadzi ichi kunofara, zvechikadzi runako uye rudo anofananidzwa katsi kana Seshumbakadzi ari nokugara chinzvimbo. Akanga uyewo basa yakaorera uye zvibereko makore uye aigona kubatsira kumisa upenyu hwemhuri. Zviratidzo Ancient Egypt vamwari chokuita Bast - temberi rira, yainzi SISTROM uye Aegis - a mashiripiti nejasi.

zviratidzo zvokuporesa

With nzeve zvikuru muIjipiti yekare zvaiva kapoka zvokuporesa. Nokuti mugumo uye upenyu vaanosangana mwarikadzi Isis, uye iye ari kuonekwa vaichengetedza zvevaroyi uye vanorapa. Akaunza zvipo kudzivirira vachangoberekwa.

Symbol wemishonga kare muIjipiti - mhou nyanga, iyo inoitwa pamusoro dhisiki kwezuva. Zvinonzi ishiri mwarikadzi Isis kazhinji (dzimwe nguva ari muchimiro mapapiro mukadzi ane mhou musoro).

Uye ayo kugara hunhu vaiona SISTROM uye muchinjikwa ankh.

chiratidzo choupenyu

Ankh kana Coptic muchinjikwa - chiratidzo upenyu muIjipiti yekare. It Anonziwo hieroglyphs muEgipita, nokuti ivo ndiye mumwe anokosha uye anokosha hunhu.

It rinonziwo kiyi upenyu kana muchinjikwa muIjipiti. Ankh - chizenga vanamwari vazhinji muIjipiti, zvavakanga vanoratidzwa masvingo mapiramidhi uye enhokwe. Zviri fanira kuisa muguva rake pamwe vanaFarao, izvo zvaireva kuti gavhuna ave kukwanisa kuramba upenyu mweya wake noupenyu munyikadzimu.

Kunyange zvazvo vaongorori vakawanda dzakabatanidza Chirevo pamusoro Ankh noupenyu, pachine hapana nekubvirana pasi nyaya iyi. Vamwe vaongorori vanoti kuti tsika dzakanga achimutungamirira kusafa uye uchenjeri, uyewo kuti akanga ari rudzi anodzivirira hunhu.

Ankh akanakidzwa zvisati kukurumbira munyika yakaita Ancient Egypt. Zviratidzo izbrazhavshie zvakanzi rakaiswa kumasvingo mutemberi, mazango, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana mutsika uye upenyu. nenhamba kazhinji payo rakaitirwa mumaoko vanamwari veIjipiti.

Mazuva ano, vari ankh iri zvinowanzoshandiswa vechidiki subcultures, kunyanya kugadzirira. Uyewo zvose zvemarudzi zvemashiripiti uye parascientific ezvitendero, uye kunyange esoteric mabhuku.

chiratidzo kwezuva

chiratidzo kwezuva muIjipiti yekare - Lotus. Pakutanga akanga chokuita mufananidzo kuberekwa uye zvisikwa, uye akazova mumwe incarnations Supreme nouMwari muEgipita pantheon pakati yaAmun-Ra. Uyezve, Lotus uyewo rinomiririra kudzoka vechidiki uye runako.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vakawanda kunamatwa zuva-nyeredzi yakanga vaEgipita chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha uye chinokosha. Uye zvose vanamwari, imwe nzira kana imwe chokuita zuva, vakanamata kupfuura vamwe.

Mwari zuva Ra, maererano Egyptian mungano, akasika vamwe vanamwari vose uye vanamwarikadzi. Zvakanga zvakajairika chaizvo nhema pamusoro sei Ra Anoenda pamusoro muchikepe pamusoro yokudenga rwizi, panguva imwe chete richivhenekera pasi rose chezuva. Panongotanga usiku Falls, zvinonzi wakasimwa kune imwe igwa uye usiku hwose kuongorora zvinhu zviri humwe upenyu.

Mangwanani zvakare anokwira pedyo, uye saka anotanga rimwe zuva idzva. Sezvo vaIjipiti vekare anonzi shanduko masikati nousiku, masikati, nokuti kwavari gwenya dhisiki yaiva pachake rumutsiriro uye akaramba upenyu vose panyika.

VanaFarao saka vaiona vanakomana kana mumiririri waMwari panyika. Naizvozvo, hapana akasvika musoro wake nharo kodzero yavo yokutonga, saka yakanga yakarongwa mamiriro Ancient Egypt. Zviratidzo uye zviratidzo pamwe mwari mukuru Ra - solar dhisiki, mumwe scarab beetles, kana Phoenix, riri patsva pamarimi. Zvakawanda kutarisirwa akaratidzwazve pamberi mwari. VaEgipita vaidavira kuti vanogona kurapa uye kudzivirira vanhu kubva kwezvirwere uye zvomunyama.

Ukama hunokosha vaEgipita raiva nechepakati zvakasikwa - nyeredzi zuva. Akabatanidzwa zvakanaka zvakananga nezvaanoreva kwayo kupisa, goho rakanaka, akabudirira upenyu vose vagere munyika.

Chimwe kuziva chokwadi. Star kwezuva nevaIjipiti vekare rinonzi shamwari tese apirikoti. Uye muIjipiti, chibereko ichi haisi kukura, kwete dzakakodzera okunze. It akaunzwa kubva kunyika dzokuAsia. Muchiitiko chino, "vatorwa muenzi" saka kwazvo vaIjipita, kuti vakasarudza saka zvokudetemba kudaidza muchero uyu, zvakarurama akacherechedza sei ayo chimiro uye ruvara yakafanana zuva.

Sacred zviratidzo VaIjipita

Izvi zvinoreva zviratidzo yeEgipita yekare vavo kukosha, masayendisiti akawanda vachiri nharo. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya zviratidzo matsvene.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vavo - the SPLA. Ichi rinokosha bhokisi zvakaitwa namatanda. Mariri vapristi Akaisa mufananidzo mwari kana chiratidzo chitsvene yakatsaurirwa kwaari. Saka kamwe akatumidza nzvimbo tsvene yokunamatira imwe mwari. Kakawanda Naos raizoiswa tsvene kana makuva vanaFarao.

Sezvo kutonga, SPLA akanga akawanda. Mumwe matanda yaiva duku, yakaiswa ari makuru, akavezwa kubva chete chimedu ibwe. Inonyanya muIjipiti yekare, havana atogamuchira mune akazotevera munguva. Panguva yavo akapfuma uye siyana yakashongedzwa. SPLA chiri anowanzonzi temberi kana tsvene mwari.

Sezviratidzo zvitsvene muIjipiti yekare - sistrum. Izvi percussion nhumbi, izvo zvaishandiswa nevapristi panguva sakaramende kuti kubwinya mwarikadzi Hathor. Pakati vaEgipita, zvakanga mwarikadzi rudo uye runako, anomiririra romukadzi uye wembereko uye mufaro. Nyanzvi dzemazuva ano vanodavira kuti kwaiva analoginen yevaRoma Venus, uye navaGiriki - Aphrodite.

Chiridzwa sistrum akanga akapfeka emapuranga kana simbi puranga. hungiso simbi uye mavhiri akanga akatambanudzwa pakati pavo. izvi zvose akapa kure achirira ruzha kuti vanoonekwa vapristi, nokukwezvwa vamwari. Tsika vaishandisa nemarudzi maviri sistrum. Mumwe ainzi iba. Akanga ari muchimiro zvokuvamba simbi mhete humburumbira pakati. With refu pamupinyi riri pamusoro pemisoro mwarikadzi Hathor.

More pakuzvichenesa sistrum chisarudzo inonzi seseshet. Aiva chimiro SPLA uye zvikuru yakashongedzwa siyana zvenzeve nezvishongo. Kwengoro nezvidimbu zvesimbi, zvaakapiwa mitinhimira dzichengeterwe mukati bhokisi diki. Seseshet akabvumira kupfeka chete vapristi vakadzi vakapfuma okumusoro makirasi.

nemagariro chiratidzo

Symbol of tsika muIjipiti yekare - zviri zvachose chepiramidhi. Zvinonzi zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa, hwakawanda huripo Monument ounyanzvi yekare vekuIjipiti uye mapurani. Chimwe chezvinhu ekare uye akakurumbira - Pyramid Farao Djoser, uyo akatonga kwemakore 18 emakore BC. Riri kumaodzanyemba Memphis, uye 60 metres kureba. Its vakaisa varanda reraimu zvinogumbura.

Pyramid anoumbwa muIjipiti - dzinoshamisa zvinoshamisa mavakirwo ichi chekare vanhu. By kodzero mumwe wavo - the Pyramid of Cheops - vaiona umwe nomwe zvinoshamisa munyika. Uye mumwe - the Pyramids pakati Giza - mumwe musarudzo kuva vanonzi "chishamiso itsva munyika."

Nechokunze, ibwe iri mamiriro, izvo vakaviga vatongi vechiIjipiti - vanaFarao. Mushoko rechiGiriki "Pyramid" rinoshandurwa somunhu polyhedron. Saka kure hapana nokubvumirana pakati masayendisiti nenguva sei vaIjipiti vekare akasarudza nzvimbo chimiro chakadaro. Zvichakadai, kufambidzana nomumwe, takawana 118 mapiramidhi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muIjipiti.

Nhamba huru zvivako izvi dziri muna Giza muruwa, pedyo guru African wehurumende - Cairo. Vanewo inonzi Pyramid Great.

Pyramids vaiva kwezvapupu ari mastaba. Saka muIjipiti yekare yainzi "musha pashure upenyu", iro raiva kuvigwa nzvimbo uye rinokosha ibwe chimiro, yaiva pamusoro pasi. Ndivo musha wemariro pachavo kuvaka vokutanga vanafarao veIjipiti. Nokuti zvinhu kushandiswa unfired zvidhinha kubva nevhu, vakamutsa pamwe rwizi silt. Vakanga kuvakwa chirwirangwe muna kweEgypt pamberi kubatana wenyika, uye vari Memphis, iyo kwainzi huru necropolis munyika. Above pasi zvivako izvi dzichengeterwe munamato dzimba uye kwakavakirwa apo zvakachengetwa guva zvinhu. Pachivande - zvakananga vachiviga Faro.

Yakakurumbira mapiramidhi

Symbol Ancient Egypt ndiyo chepiramidhi. Yakakurumbira ndivo Pyramids Mukuru Giza. Ndiro rinda vanaFarao KHUFU, Khafre uye Menkaure. Kubva pakutanga chaipo hwakawanda huripo remazera Djoser chepiramidhi, izvi zvakasiyana pakuti havana danho, uye yakaoma geometric chimiro. masvingo avo vanomutswa kunoparirwa pasi pamakona 51-53 madhigirii hama kuti jengachenga. Inoratidza vava kuda chinongedzo. Famous Pyramid of Cheops panguva yakavakwa paruware, akasika pachisikirwo zvose, uye anoiswa chaizvo pakati mujinga chepiramidhi.

Great Pyramid of Giza anozivikanwa nokuda chokwadi chiri chikuru. Pakutanga, zvakanga kupfuura 146 metres, asi ikozvino nokuda nokurasikirwa cladding dzakawira anenge 8 mamita. Jira rimwe nerimwe divi riri 230 metres, yakanga yakavakwa pamusoro 26 emakore BC. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, yakanga yakavakwa makore anenge 20.

Nokuti pakurigadzira akatora kutigumbura anopfuura mamiriyoni maviri amabwe. Zvisinei, hapana binders, akadai simende, vaIjipiti vekare vaishandisa. Mumwe anovhara kuremerwa zvuru zviviri makirogiramu, munhu wacho uremu yakasvika 80 zviuru makirogiramu. Pakupedzisira - iri monolithic chivako, vaiita ne chete makamuri corridors.

mamwe maviri anozivikanwa Pyramid - Chephren uye Mikerna - vakanga akavaka zvizvarwa Cheops uye seduku kukura.

Pyramid of Khafre muIjipiti anonzi kuti chechipiri pakukura. Parutivi wake, yakakurumbira chifananidzo sphinx. kukwirira kwayo pakutanga zvawanikwa anenge 144 metres, uye kureba mativi - 215 metres.

Menkaure ruduku guru Giza. kukwirira kwayo pamusoro 66 metres uye kureba pechingoro zvishoma kupfuura 100 metres. Pakutanga miganhu yacho zvakanga mwero, saka isu akaisa mberi shanduro kuti hazvina chinangwa mutongi muIjipiti yekare. Zvisinei, chokwadi ndechokuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti asimbise ichi.

Sezvo akavaka mapiramidhi?

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti rimwe Michina haako. It zvakasiyana kubva kuvaka mumwe. Masayendisiti vakaisa hypotheses mberi siyana, vakazvipira kuvaka sei zvivako izvi, asi hapana tenderano saka kure.

Vatsvakurudzi chaiwo mashoko pamusoro yamabwe iro mabwe vakatorwa, uye zvidhinha midziyo inoshandiswa ibwe kubudiswa, uyewo sei vanokurudzirwa kuti kuvakwa.

Egyptologists Most vanodavira kuti matombo vakabayiwa mu anokosha yamabwe vachishandisa maturusi mhangura, zvakadai chezero, chezero uye pickaxes.

Rimwe zvikuru zvakavanzika ndiwo sei vaIjipiti panguva vakabvisa hombe inoperera ibwe. Pahwaro ane tuore, masayendisiti akawana kuti vezvikwata zhinji nyore kudhonzwa. Nokudaro, anozivikanwa mufananidzo 172 pamusoro Sled kudhonzwa chifananidzo Farao. Muchiitiko ichi nechireyi vamhanyi nguva akadiridza, izvo anoita kushanda mafuta. Maererano nenyanzvi, uremu chifananidzo ichi anenge zviuru 60 makirogiramu. Saka, kurema ibwe kuvhara 2 nehafu matani anogona kufamba vashandi 8 chete. Movement kwenhumbi nenzira iyi, inonzi, aiva rakajairika muIjipiti yekare.

Aizivikanwawo nzira rinopfungaira zvinogumbura. A rinokosha nomazviri chinangwa ichi ari muchimiro paucheche rakawanikwa Pavaichera temberi vekare vokuIjipiti. Munguva kuedza, zvakanzi vakawana kuti nenzira iyi kufamba dombo chinogumbura 2,5 tani akatora vashandi 18. Kasira yavo iyi yaiva mamita 18 paminiti.

Uyewo, vamwe vaongorori vanodavira kuti vaIjipiti vaishandisa mativi vhiri kwemichina.