Ape uye wokutanga vekare vanhu

pfungwa Scientific Charles Darwin kuti vanhu vekare vabva mhuka nyika kuburikidza dzinongoitika kusarudzwa uye mutation akanaka (nevakangwara unhu muviri), anopfuura mumwe nehafu emakore akanga pasi nokunyombwa kurwisa nevatsoropodzi. Nhasi, zvisinei, pfungwa iyi zvinotsigirwa pamwe mashoko ose genetics, Archaeology, cytology, uye dzimwe anoranga, akawana hukuru chinzvimbo zvesayenzi kupembedza mavambo murume.

Matangiro Ayakaita

The dzepedyo hama munhu munyika ano ndiwo chimupanze. Ndizvo avo nemagene zvakabudiswa zvinoenderana edu anopfuura 98%. Uye musiyano uyu inoita tuduku anobvumirwa kuita achikwakuka kubva pamhuka umambo kubhururuka muchadenga uye quantum Vanamakanika. Maererano nevaongorori ari XX remakore, nzira netsoko uye vanhu pachavo vakakamurwa anenge mamiriyoni 6-8 apfuura, apo wokutanga bipedal, vakaumba mhuri hominids. Tanga Zvisaririra mumiririri manera anonzi kunzi Sahelanthropus. Akararama anenge mamiriyoni 6-7 apfuura, akafamba pamusoro makumbo maviri uye marangwanda mamiriro akanga atova mberi zvinhu. Zvisinei, izvo, zvakanga zvichiri pedyo netsoko. Chokwadi, hatigoni kutaura kuti akanga atove vekare vanhu. Kwete, asi hominids izvi vakatanga kuti vakabva mapazi emiti, uye akasarudza kurarama nemapani ane Africa, iyo yekudyidzana vakachinja mararamiro avo, uye shure kwake, uye vasiri nemagariro kuchinja.

The refu shanduka nzira

Kunze Sahelanthropus, vanochera matongo vakawana zvimwe zvikamu shanduka cheni: orrorin (akararama mamiriyoni 6 apfuura), aizivikanwa Australopithecus zvose (mamiriyoni 4 apfuura), Paranthropus (makore mamiriyoni 2,5). Mumwe nomumwe hominids izvi aiva itsva Mumagazini tichienzanisa yapfuura.

Harahwa wokutanga

Real jerk ari shanduka nzira wamadzibaba edu kwaiva kwaita Homo habilis (unyanzvi) uye Homo ergaster (kushanda), ukuwo 2.4 uye mamiriyoni 1.9 apfuura. Dzavo vhoriyamu uropi yava zvinoshamisa kupfuura ayo vamutangira, uye vakanga vokutanga kushandisa chinyakare midziyo. Zvisinei, nhasi hapana vabvumirana munyika sayenzi kuti vari vanhu vokutanga rekare pfungwa shoko. Mamwe masayendisiti danai vakawanda yokuona nayo kushandisa maturusi, vamwe - vasiri pfungwa vhoriyamu (yaiva isati kunyange Homo habilis), uye vamwe - pamwero mumagariro sangano. Zvisinei, zviri zvazvisingarambiki kuti wokutanga zvakazara akaumba munhu yekare inonzi Cro-Magnon. Izvi vamiririri Homo sapiens mangwanani akazviratidza anenge zviuru 40 apfuura muEurope, uye pakupedzisira akavamba maguta vokutanga uye States. Sezvineiwo, vekare vanhu sevatsigiri Neanderthals, pasinei zvikuru yakatanga zvemagariro mamiriro, kushandisa maturusi uye moto, tsika kubudirira (mu chitendero) hakuchisina kuonekwa tateguru vanhu ano, uye vari kuguma akafa chete, yakatotsakatika kuti asingazivikanwi zvikonzero pamusoro 25 zviuru zvemakore akapfuura. Ataurwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekungofungira pamusoro zvinokonzera kutsakatika kwavo; nekusagona kutama inotevera glacial iyoyo, misha iri Cro-Magnon nokuvhima nzvimbo, uye vamwe anobvumira kuparadzwa rokupedzisira Neanderthals chaiko.