Galicia-Volyn kwavabati: nzvimbo. Inotungamirwa Galicia-Volyn kwavabati

To chaizvo ainyatsoziva munhoroondo, unofanira kumiririra mupfungwa zvinodiwa yaitonga, mweya nguva yayo uye vanonyanya kutaurwa. Nhasi tichasangana kutora zvishoma rwendo kune Ages Russia iri picturesque munyika Galicia uye Volyn.

Chii, Russia 12-13 emakore?

Pakutanga - rakakamurwa inoti duku, chimwe nechimwe unorarama mitemo yayo uye ane mutongi wayo (muchinda). Fani iyi kunonzi feudal kusabatana pamusoro Rus. kwavabati nomumwe vanhu vachitaura pane imwe remutauro mutauro Russian, izvo zvinoenderana nzvimbo yomugariro mundima.

Chimwe dzinonakidza mudziyo feudal nzanga weRussia. Vezvenhau ziva makirasi maviri - raitonga vepamusoro, rinoumbwa vanokudzwa (boyars simba), uye boka nemataundi vanhuwo zvavo. Last sezvineiwo izvozvo nguva dzose zvakazova zvakawanda.

Mumaguta makuru, musha mumwe kirasi - mhizha. vanhu ava vane zvinoshamisa Kugona chaiwo zvinhu. Nemhaka kwavari, akazviratidza Gzhel kupenda nehuni kuvesa, rinozivikanwa kwete chete kuRussia asiwo kwose. Mumashoko mashomanene, takataura pamusoro Ages Russia, richaramba chete nhoroondo Galicia-Volyn kwavabati.

Earth vechigaro hugota

Mukomana wehurumende, kuvandudzwa yakatanga panguva iyo Grand Prince Roman Mstislavovich yaiva munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Chii vaiva mundima idzi? The mamiriro rakaumbwa ne Galician, Volyn, Lutsk, Polissya, Kholmsk pamusoro Zvenigorod uye Terebovlya nyika. Uyewo chikamu munharaunda ano Moldova, Transcarpathia, pamipendero uye Podlasie.

Kufanana siyana Puzzles, izvi nyika muchidimbu akaumba Galicia-Volyn kwavabati (nzvimbo uye nyika dzakavakidzana vechiduku wehurumende vachange inorondedzerwa muchitsauko chinotevera).

Duchy Location

In kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Russia ndipo Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Nzvimbo yomugariro sangano idzva rakanga pachena zvinobatsira. Chine mitatu:

• Zviri pakati Europe;
• rokunyaradza ekunze;
• nyika yakaorera, nguva dzose kuunza goho rakanaka.

The yakakunakira nzvimbo zvaireva nevavakidzani siyana, asi izvozvo handizvo vose vaiva noushamwari jaya mamiriro.

Kumabvazuva, mukomana tandem ine muganhu refu pamwe Kiev uye Turov-Pinsk kwavabati. Relations pakati sehama vanhu vaiva noushamwari. Asi nyika iri kumavirira uye kuchamhembe haisi kunyanya kuzoripira vechiduku mamiriro. Poland uye Lithuania zvawagara kudzora Galicia uye Volyn, izvo pakupedzisira kubudirira muzana remakore rechi14.

Kumaodzanyemba kurutivi nezviripo rwechipo Golden Horde. Relations rayo muvakidzani wokumaodzanyemba vagara zvakaoma. Izvi imhaka zvinokosha netsika uye kuvapo nharo nenharaunda.

Brief Historical Background

Kwavabati akasimuka muna 1199, panguva confluence ezvinhu maviri. Wokutanga waiva musoro - kuwana anotevera zviviri tsika yakafanana (Galicia uye Volyn) uye venga dzakavakidzana (The Kingdom kwePoland uye Zolotaya Orda). Wechipiri - the chidzoke rezvematongerwo enyika simba mufananidzo - Prince Roman Mstislavovich. Mumwe mutongi akachenjera ainyatsoziva kuti mamwe mamiriro, kuti nyore kwaari kukunda muvengi zvakajairika, uye tsika pedyo marudzi hwakadii imwe chete ezvinhu. pfungwa dzake kwakabatsira, uye mukupera remakore rechi12, mumwe dzidzo itsva.

Ndiani anoputsa muduku ezvinhu? Zvemo Yechinwiwa Horde vakakwanisa kuzunungusa Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Development weHurumende dzakaguma mukupera remakore rechi14.

vakachenjera vatongi

200 makore ariko ehurumende akashanyira vanhu siyana mune simba. vatongi akachenjera - a godsend chaicho Galicia uye Volyn. Saka, ndiani akakwanisa kuunza kudzikama uye rugare kune ichi murefu nzvimbo? Vanhu ava vaiva vanaani?

• Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl - Roman nowakautangira Mstislavovich, kutanga akasvika ndima mubvunzo. Ndakakwanisa zvinobudirira kumisa pachayo iri mumuromo Danube.
• Roman Mstislavovich - combiner Galicia uye Volyn.
• Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - chizvarwa mwanakomana Roman Mstislavovich. Zvakare akauya pamwe nyika Galicia-Volyn kwavabati.

Zvakazoitwa vatongi weutungamiriri vaiva zvishoma simba kwake. Muna 1392, zvakanga vakaguma kuvapo Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Machinda kukwanisa kudzivisa kwokunze vavengi. Somugumisiro, yava Volyn Lithuania, Galicia akaenda kuPoland uye Red Rus - Hungary.

Dzinenge vanhu ndakasika Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Machinda, vane kubudirira vanotsanangurwa muchitsauko chino, vakabatsira kubudirira uye kukunda muduku mamiriro kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Russia.

Relations nevavakidzani uye vatorwa negwaro

Simba nyika dzakapoteredzwa Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. The nenzvimbo nzvimbo duku wehurumende kunanga kurwisana nevavakidzani. Hunhu wokumwe mutemo, doro novimba imwe nhoroondo nguva uye mutongi: paiva wakajeka kukunda, aivawo nguva kumanikidzwa pamwe Rome. Last chinozoiswa kuchengetedza pamusoro Poles.

kukunda Roman Mstislavovich uye Danilo Galitsky akaita wechiduku mamiriro mumwe akasimba muEastern Europe. Prince aipedza combiner akachenjera wokumwe gwara kune Lithuania, Umambo Poland uye Hungary. Akakwanisa kuparadzira kukanganiswa Kyiv Rus muna 1202-1203 gg. Somugumisiro, vanhu Kiev vane chakasara asi kubvuma mutongi mutsva.

No zvishoma kunakidza uye enyika vachikunda Danily Galitskogo. Paaiva mwana, pamusoro munharaunda Volyn uye Galicia nenyonganyonga. Asi akura, wechiduku mugari wenhaka zvinotevera mumakwara baba vake. Apo Danilo Romanovich chakamukazve chava Sangano Galicia-Volyn kwavabati. Prince akawedzera zvikuru nharaunda yake anoti: yakatora muvakidzani kumabvazuva uye chikamu Poland (kusanganisira - Lublin).

rakasiyana Culture

History tisingasaruri zvinoratidza kuti mumwe vane mamiriro pave zvechokwadi tsika yayo. Zviri kwaari uye vanhu vanoziva izvozvo.

Cultural zvechadenga Galicia-Volyn kwavabati siyana chaizvo. Tichatarisa mavakirwo Ages maguta.

Stone makereke nemisasa munguva Galicia-Volyn kwavabati (Novgorod pasi akanga akapfuma ari muzvivako chete). Muna 12-13 emakore vakasuwa chikoro kwakasanangurwa mavakirwo munyika Galicia uye Volyn. Iye woga tsika vemifananidzo vaviri Western European uye unyanzvi pakati Kiev chikoro. mhizha Local makasika mapurani ounyanzvi akadai nokufungidzira Cathedral iri Vladimir-Volyn uye temberi St. Panteleimon muna Galich.

Nokusingaperi akapinda nhoroondo dzinonakidza mamiriro kumaodzanyemba kweRussia - Galicia-Volyn kwavabati (nenzvimbo woiisa zvatagara unoziva). A mhando nhoroondo uye akanaka hunhu zvagara akwezvwe mafeni kuongorora nyika.