Pokugadzwa US-Soviet nedzenyu ukama: unhu, nhoroondo uye migumisiro

Pashure Revolution pakati 1917 America vakaramba kubvuma hurumende neSoviet. Pokugadzwa US-Soviet nedzenyu ukama vakatanga nokuda kutengeserana ukama, izvo dzakaumbwa 1930. A zvinokosha mukuzadzika normalization ari kudyidzana zvaiva vamiririri American mabhizimisi madenderedzwa. Vakanga achinyanya kufarira pave zvoupfumi ukama.

Nhoroondo nedzenyu ukama pakati USSR (Russia) uye USA

Muna 1933, 10 October, purezidhendi America Franklin D. Roosevelt akatuma shoko kuna M. kuKalinin, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva pambiru sachigaro CEC. Mushumo proposes kudzorera nedzenyu ukama. Pakati USSR uye United States panguva iyoyo paiva nevamwe kusawirirana kuti mativi maviri akatsvaka kukunda. KuKalinin akapindura Roosevelt musi 17 October. Nechekare nechepakati-November 1933 Bamba Litvinov, uyo aiva Commissioner kuti Affairs Foreign, uye President of America vaipanana pamutemo manotsi. Kubvira akatanga kuumba nedzenyu hukama pakati USSR uye USA. Nyaya kukura kwavo tanga rinoratidza zvikuru ushamwari chadenga pakati penyika mbiri. Sezvo rokutanga mumiriri Soviet yakatarwa Aleksandra Troyanovskogo. Panguva iyoyo akanga zvikuru vanozivikanwa nomukurumbira. Kubva America wokutanga mumiririri raiva Uilyam Bullit. 2 Makore akazotevera, muna 1935, 13 July Trade Agreement akanga yakasainwa pakati penyika mbiri. Muna 1937, 4 August, nokunyika dzakasaina chibvumirano kupa mumwe kufadza kwadzinoita upfumi nyasha.

WWII

Panguva Great Patriotic War Soviet Union uye United States chainzi vachishingaira sezvo nhengo Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. Pakarepo shure kwacho, US nevaFascist vakasarudza kutsigira zvoupfumi nokuti Soviet Union. Munguva kurwa, America akanyora rokutengesa ose vanokweretesa-risi (leasehold). Formal kwakadzama pamusoro rubatsiro akatanga mukupera September 1941, Roosevelt akatuma Harriman (mumiririri wake) kuMoscow. October 1st dzakati yakanga yakasainwa pamusoro vazvo kutanga neSoviet Union kuti 49 mwedzi. $ 1 bhiriyoni. Papera vhiki, Roosevelt kweBhaibheri gwaro, maererano izvo vanokweretesa-risi kuratidzirwa USSR. Muna October 1941, takatanga ari vazvo vokutanga. In mangwanani June 1944 reBritain neAmerica gungwa uye mhepo akarwisa akachinjirwa Normandy. Saka kuumbwa mberi wechipiri. Pakapera April 1945 bazi 58th Guards. Infantry Division of 1st Ukrainian Front, uye 69th Infantry Division of US vemauto ehondo vakasangana parwizi. Elbe River pedyo Torgau. Pokugadzwa Soviet-US nedzenyu noukama yaikosha pakugadzirisa nyaya chokuita kutungamirira achiitisa hondo, uye pashure pehondo yenyika. Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika Second World War kwakaitika pakati misoro Misangano nhatu USSR, USA uye England (November 1943 - Tehran, muna February 1945 - Yalta, muna July-August 1945 - Potsdam).

hondo chando

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kugadzwa US-Soviet nedzenyu ukama zvaikosha vaviri nyika, pashure pehondo, nyika yakanga chaizvoizvo rwakakamukana mabhora ose kuchinja zvidhinha maviri akasiyana socio-enyika hwoudzvinyiriri. Nguva kweHondo Yemashoko. Iyi yakatora kweanenge makore 40. Panguva ino, NATO uye Warsaw chibvumirano (sangano rakaumbwa nenyika of Warsaw chibvumirano). Nedzenyu hukama pakati USSR uye United States vakasvika zana Chipangamazano chaVa. Vakatanga kurwisana kuti mabhora ose simba vanotozvikuvadza kwakatungamirira pakuwedzera vemauto-inokosha kunzwisisa neimwe hurumende. Zvakatanga maoko nhangemutange. Somugumisiro, upfumi vose vezvikwata akanga ari kunetseka chaizvo nehurumende.

Cuban Chombo dambudziko

It anonzi kunoshamisa zvikuru nguva kubvira panguva apo United States wokutanga akasimbisa nedzenyu ukama USSR. Caribbean dambudziko rakamuka October 1962. Panguva iyoyo, Soviet Union, Cuba akaisa wayo ballistic zvombo. Yaiva mhinduro yakafanana matanho kare kutorwa America. US akaisa zvombo muItaly uye Turkey. Uyezve, Cuba aiva pasi pangozi nechisimba pedyo US muchiuto. Achipindura, utungamiriri Soviet kwakaita kuti kurwa unoda mauto. Caribbean dambudziko kwete chete kukanganisa mberi pokugadzwa Soviet-US nedzenyu ukama, asi akasikawo ngozi yehondo yenyukireya. Zvisinei, nzira yokubuda akawanikwa vagari kuita Nikity Hruscheva uye Dzhona Kennedi. The dambudziko waitwa vatungamiri venyika vazive kuti pavanotaurirana zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu vanhu vose. Pashure richisvika nenhamba, Hondo Yemashoko akatanga kusviba zvishoma nezvishoma. Vatungamiri vaviri vakatanga kutaura pamusoro kuitwa nemauto akavaka-up.

Nguva enyika détente

Nedzenyu hukama pakati USSR uye West akatanga kupora zvishoma nezvishoma. Pakazopera 1960. Zvibvumirano zvinokosha wandei vakanga vakasaina. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo kushandisa gwaro iri zvakananga pakukurukurirana Kremlin uye White House (1963), mashoko Agreement "On kurambidza zvenyukireya miedzo zviri muchadenga, panyika pasi mvura" (1963), "On zviga mabasa kunyika iri ubanguranyika uye kushandiswa mitumbi yokudenga (kusanganisira Moon), nzvimbo "(1967)," On the Non-Proliferation zvombo zvenyukireya "(1968). In 1970. Mushure misangano mishomanana. Nokufamba nyika idzi vava bilateral wazvipira chokuita nenyaya yehondo dzisiri yenyukireya, zvombo uye kukamurwa zvine urongwa zvombo. Saka, muna 1971, zvakanga dzakasaina chibvumirano pane matanho kuderedza ngozi hondo pakati USSR uye USA. Gore rakatevera, hurumende dzakasaina chibvumirano tikadzivisa chombo kudzivirira gadziriro uye zvokungoitawo Document yomunyu-1. Muna 1974 iye dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro zviyero achidzikisa pachivande yenyukireya miedzo uye munyu-2. In July 1975 mu yechinangwa nzvimbo chirongwa dzakawanda akanga yacho chitundumusere-musere "Soyuz" uye "Apollo." Rakanga wokutanga pamwero mukuru chiitiko Soviet-American pamwe.

Jackson-Vanik Amendment

Rakazoshandiswa mugore iro pamwe kusaina roMunyu-2 - muna 1974. Amendment zvaiva mutemo US "On Trade". Rinoreva kurambidza urongwa kunonyanyisa muoti nyasha ehurumende Tera uye rinovimbisa kuti nyika zvikuru kudzvinyirirwa kana kutyora kodzero dzevanhu vayo kutama. murau uyu achinyanya vaiva Soviet Union. MuSoviet Union mumakore iwayo, paiva zvatisingakwanisi kutama kubva munyika. Pashure 1985, vakati vatora uye hapana kuti zvevakomana, Mutemo hachisisina zvaanoreva. Zvisinei, pamutemo haisati akadzima.

The zvirango yokutanga

Vakanga hwakatangwa United States pamusoro Soviet Union muna pakatanga mauto kupinda Afghanistan muna 1979, ari American Kutarisirwa yambokurukurwa, "Carter Doctrine" (sezvakunoitwa simba panguva purezidhendi mazita). Raisanganisira akawanda zviyero enyika uye zvoupfumi vomanikidza Soviet Union uye mabasa ayo mune dzakawanda munhandare. Zvikurukuru, zvakanzi vakawana zvirango zviyo USSR ndokuramba Scientific, Technical uye Cultural exchange. Muna 1980, vakawanda dzimwe nyika boycotted yeOlympic muMoscow.

2009

April 1 pa kukwirira "makumi maviri" muLondon ndiye oga musangano wokutanga pakati President Dmitry Medvedev uye musoro United States Barack Obama. Vatungamiri vakatsinhanisa maonero akawanda uye bilateral chinangwa, uyewo nepurogiramu basa uye zvinokosheswa pamwe ari kuuya munguva. By migumisiro musangano Tourism akaita pamwe mashoko pamusoro mukuru yechinangwa US-Russian noukama uye kwakadzama uchiwedzera rutapudzo nzira dzinokosha tsamwisa maoko.