Ermak: Biography. Cossack Ataman, nhoroondo mukundi kweSiberia

In akakurumbira uchifunga kunozivikanwa mukundi kweSiberia - Ermak Timofeevich - rava ndima chete paakaita gamba, achiva asina chete chinoshamisa unhu, pwere munhoroondo Russia, asiwo chiratidzo chacho mbiri umhare kare. This Cossack Ataman akatanga kukura eumambo expanses yokukokawo ibwe bhandi - Great Ural Mountains.

Chirahwe chokuita kwakabva Ermak

Modern dzekare, pane zvakawanda hypotheses chokuita nhoroondo yaro mavambo. On mumwe wavo, Ermak, ane Biography aiva nyaya dzakawanda Zvizvarwa masayendisiti, aiva Don Cossack, pazuva rimwe - the Urals. Zvisinei, zvinoita sokuti kazhinji kuti kwakavakirwa vachirarama manyoro akawanda ari XVIII remakore, anotiudza kuti mhuri yake anobva Suzdal, apo sekuru vangu vaiva murume townsmen.

baba vake, Timothy, rinosundwa nenzara uye urombo, akatamira kune Urals akawana utiziro munyika mupfumi solepromyshlennikov - vatengesi Stroganoff. Ikoko akagadzirisa, akaroora uye akamutsa vanakomana vaviri - Rodion uye Basil. Kubva gwaro iri, zvinoreva kuti ichi ndicho chakazonzi rubhabhatidzo tsvene aizokunda kweSiberia. Vakapona zita chete munhoroondo Ermak - a remadunhu-, mumwe wevaya wakanga kazhinji dzakapiwa Cossack zvakatipoteredza.

Makore rechiuto

Kukunda kuSiberia expanses Ermak Timofeevich akaenda, kare rine shure mupfumi yetsiva ruzivo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti kwemakore makumi maviri iye, pamwe nevamwe Cossacks vakarinda kumaodzanyemba kumiganhu Russia, uye kana muna 1558 mambo Ivan Grozny akatanga wokuLivonia War, akatora mugove kufora, uye kunyange kuva nomukurumbira somumwe gavhuna asingatyi zvikuru. Vakapona mushumo Polish commandant eguta Mogilev ari munhu Mambo Stefan Batory, umo iye anoti kushinga kwake.

Muna 1577 varidzi chaiwo ari Ural nyika - vatengesi Stroganoff - vakaripira boka guru Ural Cossacks kudzivirira pamusoro kuramba yokurwiswa muArabhu, rinotungamirirwa Khan Kuchum. Invitation kugamuchirwa Ermak. Biography yake kubva iyoyo inoita rakapinza chijana - zvishoma-anozivikanwa Cossack Ataman akava musoro nyanzvi vatsvakurudzi kweSiberia, nokusingaperi akanyorwa mazita avo munhau.

In mushandirapamwe pakupfavisa zvemo

Zvadaro, kuSiberia Khanate akaedza kuramba aine rugare ramadzimambo Russian uye neatly kuisa akanga kubhadhara mutero - muripo muchimiro namatehwe emhuka inobereka mbava, asi izvi pashure refu uye zvakaoma munguva mishandirapamwe uye hondo. The chinzvimbo urongwa Kuchum zvaisanganisira ousting Stroganoff uye navose vagere munyika dzavo Western Urals uye nenzizi Chusovaya uye Kama.

To ndikunde vasingadzoreki vatorwa aenda hondo huru kwazvo - chimwe namazana matanhatu varume. Mumakore iwayo vari kure taiga kumucheto chete nzira yokukurukurirana aiva rwizi, uye ngano dzose Yermak rinotiudza sei aiyangarara pamusoro Zana Cossack magejo - mumagwa makuru uye rinorema kuti chinogona kutakura vanhu makumi maviri ose pemigove.

Ermak uye mamiriro ayo

Mushandirapamwe uyu kwave kunyatsogadzirira, uye Stroganoff haana kudemba mari kutenga zvombo zvakanakisisa iyoyo. At dzinoshandiswa Cossacks vaiva arquebuses mazana matatu, anokwanisa achirova muvengi ari chinhambwe mamita ane zana, vashoma gumi nepfuti uye kunyange Spanish arquebus. Uyezve, mumwe gejo akashongedzerwa multiple pfuti, akatendeuka saka muchikepe kurwa. izvi zvose vaipa kuti Cossacks chinokosha paanopfuura Khan kuti mhirizhonga, apo kazhinji kumboziva nepfuti.

Asi chikuru chiri kuita kuti ibudirire mushandirapamwe, ainyatsoona uye zvakanaka pfungwa sangano wamapoka. The yose kukupfura yakakamurwa mukati regiments, inotungamirwa Ermak akaisa vagara nebasa uye anoremekedzwa mutungamiri. Munguva kurwa, murayiro wavo vanyore anonongedzera vachishandisa akagadzawo zvikwepa, timpani uye ngoma. Iye zvange uye kuranga simbi, akaisa mazuva okutanga mushandirapamwe.

Ermak: Biography akava ngano

Famous danidziro September 1 rakatanga, 1581. Historical Data uye vachiuya pamusoro Ermak zvinoratidza kuti nezvikepe ake, tikapfuura mhiri Kama River, kusvikira okumusoro kunosvika rwizi Chusovaya uye pasi rwizi yakasvika Serebryanka Tagil dzapera. Pano muna Kokuy-Guta navo, ivo Cossacks akapedza chando, uye tsime vakaramba vachienda murwizi Tagil - kare mhiri Makomo Ural.

Pedyo pamuromo rwizi taiga Tours yaiva hondo yokutanga zvakakura pamwe Tatars. yokuzviparadzanisa yavo inotungamirirwa ari muzukuru of Khan Mametkulom ambushed uye pamahombekombe kugeza Cossacks gore miseve, asi akanga akapararira kudzoka moto arquebuses. Unonyangadzwa kurwisa, Ermak nevarume vake vakaramba vachienda uye vakaenda murwizi Tobol. Paiva kurwisana itsva muvengi, nguva ino panyika. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mativi akatambura inorema nezvinhu, kuti Tatars vakaiswa kutiza.

Kutora akakomberedzwa muvengi

Pashure Hondo aya akateverwa mamwe maviri - Hondo Tobol River pedyo Irtysh uye wokukundwa of wechiTatar guta Karachinov. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, kukunda yakanga kubudirira kwete chete nemhaka ushingi pakati Cossacks, asiwo zvichikonzerwa hunoshamisa kukurayira unhu vapiwe Ermak. Siberia - patrimony Khan Kuchum - zvishoma nezvishoma vakapfuura pasi Russian protectorate. Vakundwa Karachinov Khan iye nekutsvaga kuedza ake ose chete pamusoro kuzvidzivirira zviito, vachisiya vavariro dzavo.

Pashure pfupi, achitora mumwe rakavakirirwa pfungwa Ermak ikazosvika guru kuSiberia Khanate - City Isker. Legend pamusoro Ermak, akachengetedzwa kubva kare, anotsanangura sei akaenda vatatu Cossacks kundorwisa guta, uye vatatu Tatars vakarwa hondo Orthodox. Pakupedzisira, vatasvi vemabhiza ravo rakatanga sortie nokuda kuzvidzivirira zvivako uye vakamhanyira kuna Cossacks.

Izvozvo chikanganiso chavo zvinouraya. Kamwe ari pamberi vapfuri vava kwavari nyore chipfuro. Mumwe vachimedza pamusoro arquebuses yekurwira akafukidzwa itsva uye nemiviri itsva Tatars. Pakupedzisira Isker nevanozvitsigira akatiza, asiya kuti kuzvitarisira Khan. The vakunda zvakakwana. Izvi yakahwina pavavengi muguta Ermak uye nehondo yake akapedza chando. Somunhu akachenjera wezvematongerwe enyika, akakwanisa kumisa ukama taiga madzinza vemo, saka nokudzivisa ropa.

End upenyu Ermak

Aimbova guta guru kuSiberia Khanate muMoscow atuma boka Cossacks nomushumo uri mberi rwendo, aine chikumbiro kuti vavabatsire uye akapfuma Yasaka kubva namatehwe emhuka inobereka mbava-. Ivan Grozny, kunzwisisa zvemashoko Ermak, akatuma yake pasi rimwe navaranda guru, uye iye pachake akapa simbi goko - chiratidzo youmambo hwake nokukwirira.

Asi pasinei nokufambira mberi, upenyu Cossacks kwakaitika kugara ngozi kurwiswa itsva nokuda Tatars. Akuvara mumwe wavo aiva kunozivikanwa mukundi kweSiberia - Ermak. Biography Chiitiko Unokanganisa kana rima August usiku muna 1585 Boka Cossacks, akapedza usiku pamahombekombe yomusango taiga rwizi, yavasingazoshiviriri nguva.

Dzinouraya hanya akabvumira Tatars pakarepo kuzovarwisa. Achitiza kubva kuvavengi, Ermak akaedza kushambira mhiri korwizi, asi rinorema dzokurwa - chipo kuna mambo - anonakidzwa naye pasi. yakapera saka upenyu yezvechitendero uyo akapa Russia yakakura expanses kweSiberia.