Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: Biography

Nikita Muravev aiva mumwe vatungamiriri Decembrist kufamba. Aiva munyori wokutanga gwaro bumbiro, uye zvishoma akananga North repachivande. Panguva yemuna muSt Petersburg Muraveva muguta guru haana, asi akanga achiri asungwa wokupomera mucheri.

makore okutanga

Future Decembrist Muravev Nikita akaberekwa July 30, 1795 muSt Petersburg. Akauya achibva mumhuri yakakurumbira. baba vake, Mihail Muravev - Senator, ari muvimbwi of Moscow University, munyori uye publicist pakukura mudzidzisi. Mother Catherine vaiva Russian mhuri akakurumbira vanokudzwa Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita akadzidza kumba, uye gare gare kudzidza Moscow University (Physics uye Mathematics Department). Mukutanga 1812, akava collegiate munyoresi. Zvisinei, muzhizha hondo. The Russian hondo nechisimba Napoleon. Muravev Nikita akasiya imba pasina zvizere tsananguro kune vabereki, uye akaenda kuhondo. Youth akanyoresa ikoko sezvo mureza. Akava nhengo dzimwe nyika pamushandirapamwe kweuto Russian kubva 1813-1814. Ensign akazviratidza muhondo pa Leipzig. Battle nokuda kwayo unokosha rava kuzivikanwa so "hondo marudzi."

In Europe,

Panoperera mushandirapamwe Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich hwakatamisirwa General Staff. Zvisinei, pashure pemwedzi mishomanana zvachose chete muna 1814 Napoleon vakadzoka kubva kuutapwa musi Elba. Kutanga akakurumbira "mazuva 100". Masvosve panguva ino mushure kusembura ezvinhu Europe yakanga seconded kuna Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - mumwe veuto Russian dzimbahwe muVienna.

Muzhizha 1815 Napoleon pakupedzisira vakakundwa. Aimbova mambo akatumirwa kuchitsuwa Saint Helena, apo akafa. Zvichakadai, vechiduku Muravev Nikita achipembererwa mbongoro achipinda Paris. Kufanana nevamwe Russian vavatorwa mishandirapamwe, akanga akashamisika sei upenyu mu Europe akasiyana zviri nyika yake yaakaberekerwa. Zviri Zviitiko izvi zvakazoita vechiduku vakawanda kuti vave Decembrists. Panguva ino, Masvosve rinopembererwa mumwe kukunda neshamwari dzake. In Paris Akasimuka rakawanda kukosha Nevazikanwi vake, iye akasangana vatungamiri French Revolution - nezvimwewo bhishopu Anri Greguarom, munyori Benjamin Constant, ...

Homecoming

Kunzwa backwardness yeRussia kubva West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich pashure kumba idzva simba vaite dzidzo yake. Kunyange ipapo aiziva vazhinji Decembrists ramangwana. Vakagoverana zvakafanana ezvinhu Biography: hondo, mushandirapamwe kunze, nechido pfungwa yakasununguka Europe.

Masvosve akamira kwakatangira masangano ose Decembrists rokutanga. Muna 1816 zvakanzi akasikwa "Union of Salvation," uye muna 1818 - ". Zvinakire Union" Zvapedzisira sangano kunosanganisira vanenge 200 vanhu. Pamutemo, raiva chakavanzika, asi kutaura zvazviri munharaunda yave kuzivikanwa nevakawanda. Takaziva nezvazvo uye panguva chaizvo pamusoro. Chinangwa Union ndiko kudzidzisa vanhu uye, kunyanya, kuti serfs. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich nevatsigiri vake vakatenda kuti mukuru zvakaipa Russia aingova uranda munyika. Munguva vasunungurwa murimi mudiki vakaona remangwana rakajeka munyika.

"Union Welfare"

The "Union Welfare," Nikita Muravev pamwe Sergeem Trubetskim uye Aleksandrom Muravevym (havana ukama) akanyora bumbiro munharaunda - ". Green Book" ari Mairi zvinokosha zvinodiwa vasingagutsikani simba vakanga akagadzira. Vaida abolition pakati serfdom, kuparadzwa autocracy uye chidzoke yeRussian remitemo.

On the "Green Book" Ndaiziva kunyange Alexander I. Uyezve, iye akamupa kuverenga chinangwa mutsivi wake - munin'ina wake Konstantin Nikolayevich. Pakutanga, mambo haana kuteerera kurongwa Decembrists, dzakurukurwa kunonakidza youth yemo. Zvisinei, muna 1820, Alexander pfungwa zvakachinja pashure muEurope kwave nokumukirana akawanda, uye muna Russia pamusoro vakuru vavo vakapanduka Semenov hondo.

gwaro remitemo

"Union Welfare" akanga zvazvichanyungudutswa 1821. Mushure zvaparadzanisa pamusoro sangano Nikita Muravev akatanga kugadzwa Northern Society. Parallel izvi, akashanda ari Guard. Kuva naye Minsk, Decembrist akakurukura nekubatwa bumbiro ramangwana rokutanga. Chaioneka kukosha Kuwedzera zvitsva mugadziriro yekare chinodiwa. Constitution Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev rakanyorwa kuti nyika iyo feudal hurongwa, kuhondo, vangadai akaparadza misha uto (nokuti chii uye vakapandukira Semenov hondo). The umambo yaifanira shoma. Chirongwa ichi kwave vakashorwa nezvimwe vatungamiriri Decembrists.

Masvosve aiva nhengo zvikuru ari Northern muvanhu pamusoro hwaro akaenzana Nikolai Turgenev, uye vamwe vechiduku. Decembrist haana kukanganwa kuti agare achitaura Pavlom Pestelem. Iyewo, waiva musoro Southern Society, uye kunyange akaita Muraveva nhengo rinodzora wayo - mutungamiriri, pasinei dzimwe pfungwa kusiyana.

Kusungwa uye nhapwa

Muna December 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, ane Biography muenzaniso upenyu chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha inofananidza ari Decembrist kufamba, akasiya nemhuri yake pazororo. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, akarasikirwa zvose zviitiko chokuita kuedza vamukire, akamira kurutivi weSeneti Square uye rokukunda vasingagutsikani hurumende hurongwa. Muraviev akasungwa kwapera mazuva mashomanana, musi 20 December. Ake utungamiri basa muupenyu munzanga pakavanda akati Arkady Mayboroda, aimbova shamwari Pestel uye achangobva akabatana Southern Society.

Muna 1826, musi Mutongo nezviremera, Masvosve akaendeswa kuutapwa zvakaoma kwemakore 15 (gare gare mutongo wacho wakaderedzwa). Secret komiti kuongorora nyaya Decembrists, akauyawo rake mufananidzo nhoroondo echimurenga muvanhu. Akatongera munhu ari kushumira ari mujeri Chita uye Petrovsky fekitari. In muutapwa, akaramba achitaura nevamwe Decembrists. Pashure pemakore 10 zvakaoma Masvosve akapinda kugara mumusha Urik Irkutsk. Ikoko akanga achiparidza mune zvokurima, uye kunyange akazarura wake chigayo. Akafa nemakore 47, May 10, 1843, uye kwete vakamirira ruregerero uye kudzokera St. Petersburg.