Dovmont (muPskov muchinda): Biography, mabasa makuru

Dovmont Prince (Timoti) - muPskov gavhuna 1266-1299 gg. Munyaya, akapinda semutungamiri matarenda muchiuto. Dovmont zvakapembererwa zvinorondedzerwa muna yaMakoronike yekare. Zvikurukuru vairatidza hondo pamwe vokuGermany uye Lithuanians. Mukutonga kwake, muPskov muzana remakore rechi13 chaizvoizvo kubvisa nedoro kubva Novgorod.

Biography

Dovmont (Muchinda muPskov) aiva mwanakomana uye munun'una Mindaugas Voishelk, maererano nedzimwe manyuko, uye pane dzimwe - hama Troydenya. akanga achibva Lithuania uye aiva yakawanda Nalshanskaya. Maererano neimwe shanduro, Dovmont akanga akaroora hanzvadzi mukadzi Mindaugas. In Bychowiec Chronicle rinoti kuti akanga akaroora hanzvadzi yake mukadzi Narimonta. Maererano yaMakoronike, nezvipupuriro, Dovmont akatora zvakananga chikamu kupondwa Mindaugas muna 1263-m. Gare gare vakava haafarirwi pamwe Voishelk. The yokupedzisira, muna 1264, akatanga sechinhu muchinda simba zvikuru Lithuania.

Pakuonekwa paivhu Russian

Muna 1265-M Dovmont akasiya Lithuania akaenda muPskov. Panguva iyoyo, guta rwakaona nguva nokururamisira yakaoma. Alexander Nevsky akafa achangobva. The mutongi mutsva, Prince Yaroslav, akanga asina simba kana wematarenda vaiva mukuru mukoma wake. simba rake haisati yakasimbiswa zvizere - Novgorod vechniki aisada kucherechedza tenzi wake. Grand Duke akaisa gavhuna Svyatoslav, mwanakomana wake. The zvakawanda Ndakafunga kwete pamusoro kusimbisa miganhu uye nenzvimbo simba mubati guta. Saka kugara Prince Yaroslav.

Zvisinei, guta dzaida zvinotyisa kuti anogona kudzivirira vanhu kubva Order, Lithuania, uye hausi mutemo kuti mutongi mukuru. sarudzo vanhu yakawira Dovmont. Hapana chokuita naye Lithuania, uye pano akanga asiri mutorwa. Vatongi zhinji Lithuanian kunoitika kubva Slavs uye mutauro wavo waamai ndiko Russian.

The kuwanika yenhau Dovmont rine shorthand zvakakwana. Rugwaro runoti kuti Voishelk akakunda Lithuania, uye mukoma wake akamhanya aine chikwata. Mukereke akabhabhatidzwa uye vakagamuchira zita Timoti. Dovmont akava mutongi mutsva weguta. Kusvikira rufu rwake, iye ikazopiwa kudzivirira vanhu uye miganhu. Akava nomukurumbira munondo Dovmont. Gare gare, vakakomborerwa ne mabasa varwi vose. makore 200 gare gare akanga kwazvo muruoko mwanakomana Basil II Dark - Yuri.

The kubatwa pamusoro Polotsk

Dovmont (Muchinda muPskov) akatungamira kukupfura, uye "mapfumbamwe matatu" varume rechiuto. Navo David YAkunovich, Lithuanians - Ruka Litvin. Men chinyararire kucherechedzwa masango gobvu, achitambanudza kubva p. Great kuna Dvina. Nokuti kamwe kubatwa hombe uye simba mune Polotsk Dovmont ndisina simba. Zvisinei, akakwanisa kubata Gerdeni mudzimai nevana. Anokunda akapfuma zvakapambwa munzira, iye akasiya Polotsk. convoys All akakwanisa verevedza mhiri Dvina, apo Gerdenya kuunganidza vatsigiri. Mhiri rwizi Dovmont akamira uye kurega mhuka uye vasungwa muPskov pamwechete varwi vayo. Nokukurumidza akazviratidza Lithuanians. Guardian tangozivisa Dovmont nguva. Iye raunganidza aifamba nemabhiza uye pakarepo yakarova Lithuanians. Vavengi havana nguva kuti hurongwa. Saka ropa shoma (chete mumwe akaurayiwa Derpt) Dovmont vaizviti kukunda yake yokutanga.

itsva danidziro

Muna 1267-M vemauto Russian vakatamira Lithuania. Muganhu nzvimbo mamiriro zvakaparadzwa. Lithuanians kwete chete vakakundikana kudzivirira nyika yavo, asi regai kuuya achitevera. Sezvo Chronicle zvinyorwa, Novgorod uye muPskov zhinji akarwa mugore, uye akasvika dzokubudisa uye lossless. On porubezhe ndisina ropa kwakadaro uye vakabudirira rutsigiro. Lithuanians kwenguva refu nguva ikanyarara vachirwisa yavo.

"Rugare" pamwe vokuGermany

Scaring Lithuania Dovmont (Muchinda muPskov) akasarudza kupinda muchiuto huru kundorwa Dzorudzidziso. Hondo vanokonzera simbi matanho Danish Knights vakazvisunga midzi muna kumahombekombe mumaguta Rakovore uye Kolyvan. Ivo chaitadzisa kuchinjanisa Novgorod zvakasimba.

In yechando 1268 okutanga vemauto Russian nemauto avo vakaungana kunze kwemasvingo guta. Anounganidza uye nevarwi. Vakanga akarayira Mikhail Fedorovich (burgomaster) uye Kondrat (tysyatsky). Maererano yaMakoronike, hondo vakaverenga vanhu vanenge zviuru 30. VokuGermany akatuma nhume kuti rugare. Maererano chibvumirano, havana aizova asina kubatsira rakovortsam uye kolyvantsam - mambo vanhu. It novgorodtsev kuzvironga, nokuti chinangwa chikuru chaiva Danish Knights. Nokuti mauto Russian, zvaikosha kuti usiyane vokuGermany. Muna January, nhamba 23 (1268), kuti Warriors kuzununguswa Rakovor. To Narva akafamba zvishoma nezvishoma - mavhiki matatu. Voivod kupa vanhu zororo, pavakanga vari munyika yavo. Pasina kurwisa mauto vakayambuka muganhu. Knights pachavo mumunda haana kuda kubuda, uye akaviga shure masvingo shongwe.

Hondo pamwe German Ratiu

February 17 Uto akambomira parwizi. Kegoli. Morning, pakarepo kwakaonekwa pedyo mauto eGermany. Iye yabuda mu kwakavanzika "nguruve." Akasaina rugare saka yatyorwa ne vokuGermany voga. Mauto eRussia akatora zvatinosiita kurongeka - "huma". Pakati ane varwi akamira, uye kurudyi nekuruboshwe mativi - bhiza nemagadhi. In chete kuti mutsetse kumusoro pamberi muchiuto uye Neva Ice. Zvisinei, kuvaka ichi aizivikanwa vokuGermany.

Dmitry Pereyaslavsky, uyo aiva mutungamiriri mauto eRussia, akaisa akasiya vashoma Tver kukupfura, uye vanosara regiments vamabhiza vanotungamirirwa kuruoko bapiro kuvhuvhuta nechouno akanga isingatarisirwi uye simba. Pano ini ndakasimuka pachake. Kodzero bapiro aivawo Dovmont (muPskov Prince).

Kutanga kurwa rakanga rakaita Battle of Ice. VokuGermany akamhanyira Russian "huma". Novgorod akarwa pasi rinorema kumanikidzwa pamuvengi. Vakafa yakakwirira, asi vokuGermany havana kubata kuputsa kuburikidza "pahuma". Somugumisiro, panhengo chivalry vakaparadzirwa, uye munhu wose akanga achirwa oga. Hiking Novgorod akadzibvarura kubva saddles dzavo. Ipapo akasiya mukurwa akapinda Tver Mikhail kukupfura. Zvisinei, nokuti vokuGermany, ichi akanga asiri kushamiswa. Kurutivi back-up squads akasiya Michael. Zvadaro mhiri hondo vakabatana vamabhiza: muPskov, Vladimirec, Pereyaslavets. furidza Izvi zvakanga zvakadaro vatsamwirana uye kwazvo kuti Knights ari kutya vakatanga taramuka. Kubva vanyatsoparadzwa zvakakwana navo kutiza, sezvo aiva nzira imwe hondo German. Mauto Russian aifanira kumisa achitevera kuti reconstructed. Zvisinei, vanhu vokuGermany haana kuda kufamba. Battlefield akafukidzwa zvitunha uye akafukidza ropa, saka ndifare kuti kuuya mumwe mugumo munda uye akamira ipapo kusvikira manheru. Usiku, Knights vakasiya. Pereyaslavl akatuma nzvimbo havana kuvawana kana maawa 2 kana 4 kana kunyange 6 okufamba.

mukurwisana

Dovmont haana kubatanidzwa zvinorwisana maari, kunyange vatongi zhinji vakaedza kunyengera naye parutivi yavo. MuRussia, inguva yakaoma. Vakatanga kurwisa vatongi rokutonga Vladimir, uye munyika yose. A mutungamiri mukuru akava mukuru mwanakomana Aleksandra Nevskogo , Dmitry. Zvisinei, izvozvo vakaenda mukoma pakati - Andrew. Akatenga Khan Tudamengu yokudimbudzira kutonga muna Vladimir.

Russ akaenda pamabhiza uye wechiTatar mauto Alchedaya Kavgadyya kuisa Andrew chigaro. YaMakoronike akaudza sei varwi vakapararira pasi kunotsvaka Russian Dmitry. Asi anobatirira izvozvo havana kushanda pamusana anofungidzirwa boyars nemhuri yake, akatora utiziro Koporje, kwaakaramba coffers ake. Pano Dmitry aida kugara kunze nechisimba uye achaponesa simba. Iye akaverengwa nokutsigirwa vanhu Novgorod, iro vakarwa Knights. Zvisinei, avo wakamutengesa uye intercepted ari kupfuura nemunyika. Rinonetsa chinja Koporje magavhuna, vakatapa vanasikana Dmitry uye pedyo naye boyars nevana vavo nemadzimai.

Kubatanidzwa muPskov muchinda internecine hondo

The nhare yaiva raiva Novgorod ravarwi vanhu Dmitry muhubatwa Ladoga. Akashandura ose akasiyiwa uye aneta. Uye panguva iyi kukakavadzana pakutanga uye chete nguva zvinobatanidzwa Dovmont. Panguva iyoyowo akamira parutivi simba. Nokuda kwechimwewo chikonzero, ichi chakaitwa, pachena kwete kusvika pakuguma. Dai vakaita basa aimbova kurwisa hama, anogona ukama (Dovmont murimo Dmitry tezvara), uye zvichida muPskov Prince akaona vatapwa chete murwi anogona kudzivirira nyika kubva vakawanda vavengi. Chero zvazvingava, zvinoita nokukurumidza akasvika Ladoga, akasunungura vanhu vose.

Shure kwenguva, ndakagara pasi zvakare, Dmitry muna Vladimir. Uye makore mana gare gare kokutanga munhoroondo Russia, akakunda hondo Horde. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti "hondo zvakakodzera" wokutanga pamwe eMongolia vakatora nzvimbo chete muna 1378-M p. Vozha. Asi zvakaitika ipapa. Muna 1285 zvakaita chinyorwa mu zvemadzimambo kuti Prince Andrei Gorodetsky akatungamirira Horde muchinda mukuru Dmitri mukoma wake. Zvisinei, vapedzisira akaunganidza mauto uye akadzinga eMongolia kubva Russian nyika.

Gore rakapera upenyu Dovmont

Mugore 1299-m, usiku, ari Knights German chinyararire chinyararire kuguta. Ivo perepozli kuburikidza stockade uye akaenda vakarara mumigwagwa. Varindi vakauraya matete mapanga. Wokutanga kuona vokuGermany Kromskom imbwa. Pakarepo akaridza hwamanda, Makaridza bhero. Pskovites vakatiza, wakazvigadzira pamasvingo eguta. Pamusoro peshongwe sokuti mutongi magavhuna. Akatarira kufa ari tenements vanhu vake. kudzivirira guta panguva iyoyo akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze maererano nechokwadi nemitemo. Kana vavengi vaiva pamusoro pamasvingo, mikova haagoni kuzarurwa.

Huru guta kwainzi, asi kwete chirimwa, saka zvaiva nani kuti kubayira zvapedzisira pane kutanga kupa. Zvisinei Dovmont vakandorwa mitemo. Gedhi, uye vabviswe vamabhiza. Murima zvakanga zvakaoma kuti ndiani aiva kupi. MuPskov akadzidza andapeni yake chena hembe ne kuchema nevakadzi nevana. Mutorwa kusiyaniswa inodziya chomwedzi pamusoro nengowani dzavo, dzokurwa kurira. Vigilantes akagogodza vokuGermany, zvisipo vatizi, akatsigira kure zvishoma nezvishoma, kumirira apo achadonha kupinda pasuwo. Somugumisiro, vanhu vakawanda vakanga vanunurwa, asi akaurayawo vanhu vazhinji. Mangwanani Dovmont ndakaona sei zvishoma nezvishoma guta rakakomberedzwa vavengi. Havana kufunga kuti mutongi aizorega kuenda kuhondo navo. Zvisinei, zvakaita saizvozvo Dovmont. Chokutanga kubva pasuwo akamhanya inifanduri, vamabhiza vakatevera kwaari. Pamuromo wechikepe vakakurumidza Pskovy hondo. Vaisagona kuramba Knights German, vakatiza mapfumo uye minondo, akasvetukira mumvura, akamhanyira yaoma kunze, akakwira zvikomo. Pskovites vakapemberera mumwe kukunda, asingazivi kuti ichava ekupedzisira kuti Dovmont.

rufu

Zvakapoteredzwa rudo uye anoongwa vomuguta, Dovmont zvishoma kupera. Zvaiita kuti zvose mauto akapa muhondo yokupedzisira. In yenhau, Zvisinei, akati kuti zvichida akanga usapindwa chirwere - vanhu vazhinji vakafa gore iroro. May 20, Dovmont muviri akaiswa Utatu Church. Nokukurumidza iye ainzi musande nokuda noumhare. Munondo, zvaakatadzisa kumbobvira vakaparadzana Dovmont hwose, vakaisa pamusoro pabhokisi.