Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna: Biography, mapikicha

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna. zita avanoziva wose. Asi vakawanda rangarirai chete kuti akanga ari mukadzi Vladimira Ilicha Lenina. Hungu, ichokwadi. Asiwo Krupskaya aiva muenzaniso enyika uye nderokudzidzisa nguva yake.

udiki

Musi wake akaberekwa - February 14, 1869. mhuri Nadezhda Konstantinovna kwakaita nhengo muchikwata varombo avakuru. Baba Constantine Ignatievich, aimbova mukuru (refutenendi), aiva mutsigiri echimurenga-gutsaruzhinji pfungwa, vaiita pfungwa wevakaronga wePolish yemuna. Asi kwete kunyanya basa, saka Krupskaya akararama nyore, pasina frills zvinakire mhuri. baba vake vakafa muna 1883, apo Hope kuyaruka. State shure mudzimai wake uye mwanasikana Konstantin Ignatievich haana kusiya, asi pasinei kushaya mari, mai vake, Elizabeth V., nguva dzose vakakomba mwanasikana rudo, unyoro uye kutarisirwa.

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna kudzidza jimunasiyamu. Obolensky, apo iye dzidzo repamusoro panguva iyoyo. Mai haina kunyanya zvishoma rusununguko wake, muchitenda kuti munhu wose anofanira kusarudza nzira yake muupenyu. Elizabeth V. pachayo yakanga akazvipira chaizvo, asi achiona kuti mwanasikana haana pedyo chitendero, haana kumunyengetedza uye kumanikidza kutenda. Amai aidavira kuti chinoita kuti tifare kunogona chete kuva munhu unoda uye kuda kudzivirira mwanasikana wake.

youth

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna naye achiri muduku, pashure pokupedza kudzidza pachikoro chesekondari, kazhinji ainetseka pamusoro kusaruramisira kuti akunda kumativi. Dzake dzinoronga nehanya simba roumambo, munomanikidza vanhuwo zvavo, achivakurudzira kuti mukusuwa, marwadzo uye kutambura.

Akawana vatsigiri vari Marxist denderedzwa. Ikoko, pashure pokudzidza dzidziso Marx, zvinonzwisiswa kuti nzira zvinetso zvose wenyika, mumwe chete - pokuchinja uye communism.

Biography Nadezhda Konstantinovna Krupskaya, sevamwe hwake zvino zvakabatana chaizvo kuti pfungwa Marxism. Kuti vanozivikanwa ayo zvimwe nzira muupenyu.

It akadzidzisa proletariat kuti vakasununguka manheru Sunday school, apo vashandi pavanouya vamwe ruzivo. The chikoro chaiva kure zvakakwana mhiri Nevskaya Zastava, asi hazvina kutyisidzira nezano uye kushinga Hope. Ikoko iye kwete chete kudzidziswa vashandi kunyora uye svomhu, asi akasimudzira Marxism, vaishingaira mubasa Sangano madenderedzwa duku kupinda sangano rimwe chete. V. I. Lenin, uyo akauya St. Petersburg, akapedza muitiro. Ndiwo kuti "League kuti Kurwira wokusunungurwa rwekuita kirasi", apo Krupskaya rwaigara ine nzvimbo.

Kuziva V. I. Leninym

Vakasangana pakutanga 1896 (February). Asi mubereko wokutanga Hope Vladimir Ilyich haana kuratidza. Zvisinei, iye, akaita shamwari imwe nemumiriri, Apollinaria Yagubova. Pashure pokutaura naye kwekanguva, iye kunyange akamboda kuti Apollinaria panyaya, asi akanga aramba. Lenin aiva nevakadzi chido akadai kuti pfungwa Revolution. Naizvozvo, nokuda kutadza hakusi agumbuka. A Hope, Zvichakadai, ari zvakawanda vanoyemurwa kuvimbika kwake echimurenga pfungwa, ake nechido uye zveutungamiri. Vakatanga kukurukura kakawanda. Nyaya kukurukurirana avo Marxist pfungwa, zviroto chimurenga uye communism. Asi uri oga dzapedyo, vari zvakare dzimwe nguva kutaurwa. Somuenzaniso, aiziva Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna mai Vladimira Ilicha nyika chete. Ruzhinji akapoteredza Lenin akavanza Swedish-German uye vechiJudha nemidzi amai.

Kusungwa uye nhapwa

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna akasungwa muna 1897 pamwe nedzimwe nhengo vanoverengeka mubatanidzwa. Her-gore matatu adzingwa St. Petersburg. Pakutanga, iye akatapwa kuna Shushenskoye, iri kuSiberia. Uyewo panguva iyoyo akanga ari nhapwa uye V. I. Lenin.

Vakawanikwa pakati July 1898. The wekuwana yakanga zvinopfuura mwero. Newly dzomuchato marin'i, wakaitwa sendi mhangura. mhuri murume wakanga pamusoro muchato. Vladimira Ilicha hama pakarepo asingade ake musanangurwa, tichifunga kuti zvaoma, pachena uye unemotional. Zvinhu yakanga kuwedzerwa kuti Lenin uye Krupskaya vakanga vasingatongosviki vana. Asi Nadezhda akaisa zvose mweya wake nokuda murume, achiva ake shamwari, shamwari uye shamwari dzakavimbika. Iye, pamwe Vladimirom Ilichem akamira kwakatangira komiyunizimu uye vachishingaira munyaya sangano vebato nhau, tichigadzira nzira chimurenga.

Nhapwa, Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (ona mufananidzo. Lower kupfuura paaiva muduku) akanyora bhuku rake rokutanga. Rainzi "vakadzi vashandi". In basa iri azadzwa pfungwa Marxism rinotaura pamusoro kushanda vakadzi, pamusoro zvakaoma sei upenyu hwake zvino uye sezvakanga vakararama, kana zvaigoneka kupidigura umambo. Kana kukunda pamusoro proletariat mukadzi vakamirira kusunungurwa pakudzvinyirirwa. Munyori akasarudza rekunyepedzera Sablin. A bhuku rakabudiswa kwose zvisiri pamutemo.

kuenda kumwe

Link akapedza muchirimo 1901. Gore rakapera nayo Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna rakaitirwa Ufa, kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kumurume wake. V. I. Lenin panguva iyoyo aiva kunze. Wife akatevera. Kunyange kunze, bato haana kurega basa. Krupskaya ave achishingaira rutsigiro mabasa, kushanda mahofisi Munyori anozivikanwa Bolshevik mabhuku ( "Forward", "Workers")

Kana yaifamba 1905-1907., The vaviri vakadzokera St. Petersburg, apo Nadezhda anova munyori Party Central Committee.

Kubvira 1901, Vladimir Ilyich akatanga kusaina mabasa avo akadhindwa rekunyepedzera Lenin. Kunyange munhoroondo remadunhu- wake, sezvo ari zvose zvoupenyu, basa rinokosha yakanga reDare mudzimai - Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna. Zita chaiye "mutungamiri" - Ulyanov - panguva iyoyo kare aizivikanwa hurumende madenderedzwa. Uye kana aifanira kuenda kunze, zvino, nokuti ayo political Somuenzaniso, paiva justifiable zvinonetsa pamusoro issuance imwe pasipoti uye kusiya nyika. The goho akawanikwa kubva mamiriro ezvinhu tisingazvifungiri. Old shamwari Krupskoy Olga Nikolaevna Lenin vakabvuma chikumbiro rubatsiro. Iye nechido zvemagariro gutsaruzhinji pfungwa, muchivande akatora pasipoti kubva baba vake Nikolaya Egorovicha Lenina akabatsira kuumba mamwe mashoko (zuva rekuzvarwa). Ndizvo chete zita iri Lenin akaenda kunze kwenyika. Pashure chiitiko ichi, kuti ainziwo uye akagara naye upenyu.

Upenyu Paris

Muna 1909 vakasarudza kutamira Paris. Pane zvakazivikanwa kuziva Inessa Armand. Tariro uye Inessa vaiva zvishoma akaita vatambi, zvose nechivimbo vakatevera yeutongi canons. Asi, kusafanana Krupskaya, Armand uyewo ane simba unhu, vana vakawanda, zvinoshamisa hositesi, mweya chekambani runako ikapenya.

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna - echimurenga kuti mwongo. Asi iye akanga akachenjera uye anenge mukadzi. Uye ndinoziva kuti vafarire murume Inessa hwaenda kupfuura bato mabasa. Wakarwadzisa, akawana simba kugamuchira chokwadi ichi. Muna 1911, iye, achiratidza vaifanira vanhukadzi uchenjeri, iye akataura kuti Vladimir Ilyich kurambana. Asi Lenin, nekusiyana, akangoerekana arega ukama Armand.

Nadezhda Konstantinovna zvakawanda zvakanangana pati, uye kuti pakanga pasina nguva chokunetseka. Iye achinyatsotaurira akazvisvibisa mubasa. mitoro yake yaisanganisira kukurukura pachivande bato nhengo Russia. Iye muchivande anovatuma mabhuku, uye akabatsira sangano echimurenga basa, ndikadzura mamwe masoja kubva scrapes uye akarongeka matavi. Asi painenge yakawanda nguva inopedzerwa nokudzidza pedagogy. Iye aifarira pfungwa Karla Marksa uye Fridriha Engelsa mu nokure dzidzo. Akadzidza sangano dzidzo iri European munyika dzakadai France uye Switzerland, vakazoguma vaiziva mabasa vadzidzisi zvikuru nedzekare.

Muna 1915, Nadezhda apedza basa iri bhuku "Dzidzo uye Democracy". Nokuti naye, rave kurumbidzwa wake. Marxist basa iri rokutanga, asunungurwa kunyorwa Krupskaya, ndichizivisa kudikanwa dzidzo, apo vanhuwo vashandi aigona kuwana dzidzo polytechnic. Nokuti bhuku iri Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna (Photo yakatsanangura munyaya) vakagamuchira zita chiremba sciences pedagogical.

Kudzokera Russia

Kudzokera Russia kwakaitika muna April 1917. Ikoko, muSt Petersburg, kushungurudzika uye mashoko anoparadzirwa gobvu basa kunotora nguva yake yose. Mashoko ari emakambani ari proletariat, pamisangano pamwe nemasoja, sangano misangano varwi '- Ndivo mabasa chikuru Nadezhda Konstantinovna. It waitsigira Leninist masirogani kuchinjwa kwesimba vose neSoviet, akataura pamusoro vakatevera Bolshevik Party kuti mugovanisi chimurenga.

Panguva iyoyo yakaoma, apo Lenin akamanikidzwa vakanovanda muna Gelsingorfse (Finland) kubva dikidiki Government kutambudzwa, Nadezhda, se musikana, iye vakauya kuzomushanyira. Kubudikidza naye, kuti Party Central Committee akagashira Zvinorayirwa mutungamiri wavo, Lenin uye vakadzidza pamusoro mamiriro ezvinhu kumba.

Krupskaya aiva mumwe varongi uye vatori vechikamu Huru October Socialist Revolution, kuita gadziriro yake pakarepo muna Vyborg mudunhu uye Smolny.

Rufu V. I. Lenina

Pasinei nokuti noukama Inessa Armand Lenin abvarura makore mashoma apfuura, manzwiro ake pamusoro wake uye haana zvichitonhorera pasi. Asi basa naye yagara iri chokutanga kukosha muupenyu hwako uye ukama Armand wononoka uye kuvhiringidzika kubva mubato mabasa, saka haana kuzvidemba kwake.

Apo Inessa akafa tibhii pakarepo akasvinudzwa, Lenin yakarohwa nayo. Nokuti iye akanga akarova chaiye. vaairarama vanoti ronda mupfungwa kwakakanganisa utano hwake zvikuru uye akakurumidza awa rufu. Lenin akada mukadzi uyu uye vakasagona kusvika mashoko naye kuenda. Children Armand akaramba muFrance, uye Lenin anokumbira wake kuti auye navo Russia. Chokwadi, aisagona kuramba murume achitandadza. Akafa muna 1924. Uye pashure porufu rwake, Krupskaya akanga asisiri chete. "Mwari" yake yakanga asipo kwenguva refu, asi upenyu pasina iye akatendeukira zvivepo. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akawana simba kuita kumwe basa kusimudzira dzidzo pachena.

Vanhu Commissariat dzidzo

Nadezhda aishanda vanhu Committee of Education pakarepo mushure chimurenga. Akaramba kutamburira kuti pakasikwa basa Ecole Polytechnique. Kurera vana mumweya komiyunizimu rava nechepakati kwaari upenyu.

Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna, ane pikicha akapoteredzwa mapiyona riri pazasi, akadana vana. Akaedza pachokwadi kuti kufara hwavo.

Krupskaya zvakare vakabatsira zvikuru dzidzo munhukadzi hafu yevagari. Nokushingaira zvinosanganisira vakadzi kuita mugovanisi pakuvaka.

mapiyona

Nadezhda aiva mumwe havaoni yesangano Chebasa, anoita mupiro mukuru wayo budiriro. Asi panguva imwe chete riri chete kwete chikwata zviito sangano, asiwo kuita zvakananga basa nevana. It mapiyona akamubvunza pamusoro yokunyora autobiography. Krupskaya Nadezhda Konstantinovna, wakaiswa panze pfupi Biography kwake mu "Upenyu Hwangu", pamwe vanobatanidzwa warwo kukuru mafaro. Akatsaurira basa iri kune vose mapiyona nyika.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Nadezhda Konstantinovna Books pamusoro pedagogy nhasi vane nhoroondo ukoshi chete vaongorori avo vashoma vanofarira maonero ari Bolsheviks mibvunzo mwana-kurera. Asi mupiro chaiye Krupskaya munhoroondo nyika yedu iri kuti rutsigiro uye rubatsiro nayo akagovera hwose upenyu wake Vladimiru Ilichu Leninu. Aiva murume chidhori uye bhururu. Akanga kwaari "mwari". Pashure porufu rwake, Stalin akauya simba pazvinhu zvose vakaedza kubvisa naye kubva mune zvematongerwe enyika. chirikadzi Lenin wakanga kwaari munzwa ziso, yaakanga akaedza munzira dzose kubvisa. It vaizova chihombe mupfungwa kumanikidzwa. In bata Biography, zvinoberekwa zvarayirwa Stalin, izvozvo yakavhiringidzwa dzakawanda kuitika hwake, zvose enyika uye pachedu. Asi iye asingagoni kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Nadezhda akakumbira vose vanogona kundoviga murume wake. Asi hapana munhu akanzwa. The Kuziva kuti muviri nomudiwa haangatongovi kuwana azorore, uye aisazombofa pasi Aimutevera, pakupedzisira akaputsa.

Care kwake Upenyu hwaiva vasinganzwisisiki uye kamwe kamwe. Iye chisarudzo chake kutaura panguva XVIII Congress of Party. Hapana aiziva chaizvo zvazvaive aida kutaura pakutaura kwake. Zvichida, mukutaura kwake, zvinogona kukuvadza zvido Stalin. Asi kuti zvingaita sezvakadaro, 27 February, 1939 iye akafa. Mazuva matatu asati kuti zvose zvakanga zviri muhurongwa. Iye February 24 vaipinda vaenzi. Wakapindwa dzepedyo. We akagara kwenguva mwero tafura. In madekwana iwoyo akangoerekana arwara. Chiremba, uyo akasvika kwemaawa matatu nehafu, kamwe akaonekwa "rikwanise appendicitis, peritonitis, thrombosis." Zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti ishande, asi kwete akajekesa zvikonzero uye nokushanda haisi kuitwa nhasi.