Battle pamusoro Neva rwizi: Zvinokonzera uye Consequences

July 15, 1240 akabata raikosha hondo pamusoro rwizi Neva. Mauto Russian pasi murayiro Alexander Nevski, akava unorema vakunde uto Swedish. Pashure chiitiko ichi, Alexander Nevsky aiva nomukurumbira remadunhu-. Zita iri rinozivikanwa ose Russian, uye kusvikira nhasi.

prehistory

Battle pamusoro Neva River muna 1240 hazvirevi kutanga nomuzvarirwo. Rakanga pashure dzinokosha enyika uye munhau.

Muhafu yokutanga yezana remakore rechi13, yeSweden, vakabatana pamwe Novgorod, akaita nguva forays kupinda madzinza Finnish. Vakatumidza kuri kukurumidza kwavo, ane chinangwa chaiva kudzora zvikuru vanhu. Vakawanda yeSweden vakatambura marudzi makuru uye Em. Izvi kwaiva chikonzero kuramba tichishanda kurwisana. YeSweden aitya Kurwisa kubudikidza Finns, saka aida kuvabhabhatidza uye kuti vatsigiri.

Panguva iyi haana kumisa nechisimba. Ivo nguva nenguva vakatakura dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya vachirwisa pamusoro nyika achitevedza Neva River, uyewo zvakananga Novgorod munharaunda. Sweden rave substantially simba vnutriusobnymi kurwisana, saka iye akatsvaka kukwezva varwi dzakawanda uye kwamachinda parutivi rwake. Havana kusanamata kunyengetedza kukunda pamusoro parutivi rwayo uye mafeni mari nyore kuti. Kwenguva refu, Finno-Karelian mauto akapinda nyika Swedish, uye muna 1187 uye vakabatana zvakakwana Novgorod. Vakapisira Sigtuna - guta guru rekare Sweden.

Kurwisana uku kwakatora refu. Mumwe nomumwe kumativi acho, uye Swedish uye Russian, wakatsvaka kumisa simba ravo pamusoro Izhora nyika yaiva pedyo Neva River, uye pamusoro Karelian Isthmus.

Nhangaruvazhe musi asati zviitiko zvakadai yakakurumbira sezvo Hondo iri Neva River, aiva Kuziviswa Hondo Second kuFinland Pope Gregory IX muna December 1237. Muna June 1238 weDanish mambo Waldemar II uye Tenzi Order of kukabatanidzwa Hermann kuisa zvimiti munzeve vakabvumirana pamusoro weboka Estonian ehurumende uye kutanga remapazi zvechiuto pamusoro Russia muna kuBaltic States pamwe kubatsirwa yeSweden. Zvanzi chagumbura hondo pamusoro rwizi Neva. Date, zviitiko kuti vanozivikanwa zvino, aiva pokutangira munhoroondo Russia uye ukama ayo dzakavakidzana inoti. Fight Rakaratidza mano nyika yedu kuti vadzivise mauto simba yomuvengi. Zvinofanira kufunga kuti hondo iri Neva River kwakaitika panguva yakaoma. nyika Russian uchangotanga kudzorerazve pashure pemakore Mongol kubvuta uye simba mauto zvave yekudyidzana simba.

Battle pamusoro Neva rwizi: mabviro

Nokuti mashoko pamusoro kare kare vanofanira kuunganidza chaizvoizvo Zvishoma nezvishoma. vaongorori vakawanda vanofarira zviitiko zvakadai Battle pamusoro Neva River, zuva. Muchidimbu akarondedzera pakurwa zvinyorwa. Chokwadi, mabhuku aya mashoma. Imwe zvakanakisisa kuzivikanwa anogona kunzi yokutanga rondedzero Novgorod. Uyewo, mashoko anogona kuwanikwa kubva Life Alexander Nevsky. Zvinofungirwa kuti zvakanyorwa vakararama zviitiko mukati eighties ari XIII remakore.

Kana isu funga Air zvinyorwa, kuti vasazo- dzine zvakawanda hondo inokosha zvakadaro, kufanana Hondo kuRwizi Neva uye Hondo yacho Ice. Tinogona chete kuverenga chii chiduku kukupfura Swedish vakakundwa mu kuumbwa reFinnish kushingirira.

Zvinonzi zvakare usingazivi chokwadi, uyo akatungamirira uto Air. Pachishandiswa mabhuku Russian, masayendisiti vanoti kuti mukwambo waMambo Birger Magnusson.

Asi Jarl Sweden akanga chete muna 1248, uye panguva yehondo zvakanga Ulf Fasi uyo, Ungangove, uye akatungamirira urwu. Muchiitiko chino, Birger harina zvinobatanidzwa, kunyange pane pakatarisana pfungwa. Saka, migumisiro matongo Zvakafukunurwa anoratidza kuti Birger akakuvadzwa ari mberi chikamu musoro muupenyu hwake. Izvi zvinoenderana nemashoko kuti Alexander Nevsky akakuvadzwa ari ziso mambo.

Battle pamusoro Neva River: Date

Historical zviitiko kusvikira XVI remakore, harina kunyorwa zvimwe zvinyorwa yepamutemo. Kakawanda, kare havagoni kuziva musi chaiwo kana kunyange anofungidzirwa nguva apo paiva hondo chaiyo. Asi ichi hairevi chiitiko chinokosha, hondo iri rwizi Neva. Mugore hupi kuitika? To mubvunzo uyu kare kuziva mhinduro chaiwo. kurwa iyi yomusi July 15, 1240.

Events pamberi muhondo

Hapana hondo hakutangi nomuzvarirwo. Uye pakanga kakawanda kwakaguma wakaoma kamwe, hondo iri rwizi Neva. Gore zvaitika, kuti yeSweden vakatanga pamwe Novgorod. Muzhizha zvikepe zvavo yakasvika pamuromo Neva. The yeSweden dzavo nevatsigiri yakawira pamahombekombe, uye matende avo. Zvino panzvimbo Izhora runoyerera kupinda Neva.

Murwiyo mauto akanga zvakasiyana. Chaiva pamusoro yeSweden, Novgorod, Norwegian, Finnish vamiririri madzinza, Chokwadi, mabhishopi Catholic. Miganhu Novgorod nyika vadzivirirwa pasi zvomumvura kudzivirirwa. izhoryane wake inopiwa paImba pamuromo Neva River kumativi maviri muGulf of Finland. Yaiva mukuru kudzivirirwa Pelgusy mambakwedza July zuva uye akawana kuti Swedish rengarava kwaswedera. Izvi Vatakuri vakakurumidza kuzivisa Prince Alexander.

WokuLivonia kwidza yeSweden kuRussia akatanga muna August, zvichireva kuti kutora waiting muone nzvimbo, uyewo yepakarepo uye mheni Prince Alexander kuita. Pamusoro kugamuchira nhau kuti muvengi ari pedo, akasarudza kuita pachavo, pasina rubatsiro baba vake. Alexander Yaroslavovich akaita mukurwa duku boka racho. Battle pamusoro Neva River aiva mukana muchinda muduku kuratidza pachake somunhu mukuru. Naizvozvo, vazhinji mauto havana nguva kubatana naye. Alexander akataura Ladoga uye varwi vakanga vabatana naye munzira.

Maererano raivapo panguva iyoyo tsika, rose kukupfura vakaungana Hagia Sophia, iyo inopiwa Archbishop Spyridon. Panguva iyoyowo, Alexander akati mukutanga kero, zvishomanana vanozivikanwa kubva nhasi: "Haisi musimba raMwari, asi chokwadi!"

The yokuzviparadzanisa akatamira nepanyika achitevedza Volkhov kuna Lake Ladoga pacharo. Kubva ipapo, akatendeukira muromo Izhora. Vazhinji hondo yaiva vamabhiza, asi yaiva inifanduri. Kuti aponese nguva kufamba, chikamu ichi kukupfura uye vakatamira mabhiza.

Chronology hondo

Hondo July 15 akatanga, 1940. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muuto Russian, kuwedzera yomuchinda navaranda, wakapindwa dzinenge mumwe mapoka matatu Novgorod vanokudzwa vemauto uye ladozhane.

Mu "Upenyu" rinotaura mazita varwi matanhatu akaita umhare mabasa muhondo.

Gavrilo Olekseich akasimuka kuti chikepe muvengi, kwaakanga akakandwa vakakuvadzwa, asi pasinei ichi achangobva takwira uye akaramba kurwa. Sbyslav YAkunovich nepfuti chete nedemo, asi zvakadaro akawira mugomba makobvu rokurwa. Haidereri noushingi vakarwa uye huntsman Alexander Jacob Polochanin. Muranda Sawa akaputsa mumusasa muvengi uye tende muropa yeSweden. Misha ine Novgorod akatora chikamu muhondo netsoka uye rikanyura ngarava matatu muvengi. Ratmir muranda Alexander Yaroslavovchia, vakarwa noumhare vane yeSweden shoma, achibva akakuvadzwa uye akafa muhondo.

Hondo kubvira mangwanani kusvikira manheru. By usiku vavengi vasara. YeSweden, achiziva kuti akatambura unorema kukundwa, vakadzokera shure kune ngarava ake asara uye akayambuka mhiri.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti uto Russian havana kudzingirira muvengi. Chikonzero ichi harizivikanwi. Zvichida njodzi knight tsika kwete mwoyo panguva yokumbozorora yokuviga varwi vavo. Pamwe Alexander akaona pasina chikonzero kupedzisa yasara tsama yeSweden uye havana kuda pangozi mauto ake.

Russian boka Nokurasikirwa yairema XX anokudzwa varwi, uye pano tinofanira kuwedzera navo vigilantes. Pakati vakafa vaiva yeSweden zvakawanda. Vezvenhau vanotaura dzakawanda, kana kwete mazana varwi vakafa.

zvabuda

Battle pamusoro Neva River, musi iyo acharangarirwa emakore, akabvumira kudzivisa ngozi kutanga Sweden uye Order kuRussia mune ramangwana. Uto Alexander kusarudza akarega nechisimba dzavo Ladoga uye Novgorod.

Zvisinei, Novgorod boyars vaityira kuti chiremera Alexander kukura pamusoro pavo. Vakatanga kuvaka nemanomano siyana yomuchinda duku, somugumisiro kumumanikidza kuti aende kuna baba vake Yaroslav. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, vakamukumbira kuti adzokere mberi hondo pamwe chete wokuLivonia Order, rakasvika kuna muPskov.

Kuyeukwa hondo

Kuti varege kukanganwa zviitiko kure pamusoro Neva, zvizvarwa Alexander vakatsvaka kuchengeta ndangariro dzavo. Saka, akakura mapurani zvivako dzakasikwa, uyo akadzorera nguva zhinji. Mukuwedzera, mufananidzo Aleksandra Nevskogo awana kuratidzwa kwayo pamusoro mari uye kunofanira kuyeukwa inoratidza.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Chivako ichi monolithic yakanga yakaitwa Peter I muna 1710. Alexander Nevsky Monastery rakanga rakavakwa pamuromo Black River muSt Petersburg. Panguva iyoyo, akafunga kuti hondo kwakaitika munzvimbo ino. The inspirer uye Musiki Laura akava Domenico Trezzini. Zvadaro, basa mberi nemamwe ezvivako.

Muna 1724 mapfupa hwakazununguswa pano Alexander Yaroslavovych. Zvino nyika wemamongi ndiwo mamiriro National Park. The Ensemble zvinosanganisira machechi akawanda, mumwe miziyamu uye kumakuva. Iye vakaviga vanhu vakakurumbira vakadai Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Nikolai Karamzin, Mikhail Glinka Okushamisira Mussorgsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Aleksandra Nevskogo Church mu Ust-Izhora

Chivako ichi rakadzikwa mukukudza kukunda muhondo pakati 1240. Date okuvaka - 1711. Church kakawanda zvikuru kupiswa uye vakavakazve. Panoperera pakati vomuchechi mauto ibwe temberi XVIII remakore yakavakwa pamwe nesimbi dzoga dzoga uye shongwe bhero.

Muna 1934 chechi yakanga yakavharwa, uye kwenguva yakareba rakashandiswa somunhu yokuchengetera. Panguva Leningrad blockade temberi shongwe rakaputiswa kumusoro kubva sehofisi chipimo pamusoro German atirari.

Muna 1990, basa rakatanga musi kudzorerwa chechi uye vatsvene makore mashomanana gare gare. Kana temberi panova kumakuva uye chirangaridzo chapero pamwe mufananidzo Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Printing mari uye inoratidza

Nguva nenguva, mufananidzo Aleksandra Yaroslavovicha rinoshandiswa rokudhinda. Saka, kunofanira kuyeukwa mari pamwe mufananidzo wake yakabudiswa muna 1995. Rejubheri makore hondo iripo uye zvinokosha pezvitsiga vari zvikuru philatelists.

sikirini shanduro

Muna 2008, munyori akasunungurwa firimu "Alexander. The Neva Battle" iri Rental. Rinozivisa pamusoro kutanga ushe muduku muchinda Novgorod. Panoperera firimu paku- hondo kuratidza Battle of Neva.

Firimu Starring vatambi akadai Anton Pampushny, Svetlana uye Bakulin Igor Botwin. Director - Igor Kalenov.