Nuclear bhomba - mumwe zviratidzo mberi mune zvesayenzi?

1945 kwakaratidzwa kwete chete mukukunda mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany muna Second World War pamusoro Nazi Germany uye ayo nevatsigiri, asiwo chimwezve chiitiko chinokosha. Two maguta Japanese vakaparadzwa mabhomba maviri chete, mumwe nomumwe. Vanhu wakapinda kwenguva itsva. Zvakatanga zera yenyukireya.

Bhomba renyukireya ane kusetsa zita "Kakomana" waiva mutariri wokutanga akasikwa yefizikisi, anokwanisa kukonzera guru-pamwero kuparadzwa muvengi saka zvinobudirira rakaiswa mukurwa. Historic ndege B-29, kuti vaite basa iri, zvakakodzera mune American Museum of Aviation uye Astronautics, yake yakabwinyiswa duralumin bhodhi rakanyorwa zita mutungamiri mai chikepe, Enola Gay, sezvinoita iyi. August 6 wokutanga yepanchi uye yechipiri mumazuva matatu, guta Nagasaki zvaitwa. bhomba ichi renyukireya vaivawo kusetsa zita - "Fat Man".

Bhomba wokutanga wakaiswa tsvarakadenga nyore, "kanoni" musimboti. A supercritical guru uranium exchange yakaiswa hunde pakati chimedu atirari kubva muchikepe pfuti, uye breech dzavanofanira kuchengeta, pakusika zvakafanira kuti chidzoke kwezviitiko maitiro ayo chisimbiso. Nuclear bhomba aiva kureba mamita matatu, rairema matani mana, uye kurema kurwa mutariri uranium exchange vakasvika 64 makirogiramu, iyo vakaita chete anenge 700 magiramu. Mamwe Kurema maoko yakanga vanotyiwa akati mudende chidimbu, goko, stabilizers, fuses nezvimwe yechipiri zvinhu.

Low kunyatsoshanda, izvo akatambura bhomba yokutanga renyukireya kwaiva chikonzero ane zviduku radiological kusvibiswa ivhu uye duku kirasi iyi zvombo simba rokuparadza, akayera muzviuru ematani TNT vaifanira kukuvadza kwakadaro. The "mbudzana" inenge 15 000 matani. Enzanisa - kufadza payload ndiye chete "Superfortress" B-29 aiva matani 9. Makore mana nehafu bhomba ichi aizofanira kuita sorties nezuva kuti muvengi pamusoro kuparadzwa kwakadaro.

Vanhu agara kutsvaka kumusoro uye mberi, kuedza inodarika pacharo, uye kunyanya mumunda mano pamusoro pokuparadzwa zvose zvipenyu zvose. Ros TNT nerokuti, akashandisa "layered" zvemichina itsva uye dzimwe tsanzira zvinogadzirisa kuvandudza nhamba Migumisiro mabhomba zvombo "anobatsira".

The apogee pamusoro simba rokuparadza akasikwa yefizikisi, aiva "chigadzirwa AN 602". Kwete kuti zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kusika chinhu chinotonyanya anotyisa, unogona kungonzwa zvaizova asiko.

Bhomba renyukireya rine simba zvikuru munhoroondo netsika vakanzwawo zita yayo, kunyange zvisina kurongwa, "nemuriwo" kana "Kuzka". Ndicho pakusika zvose vakatyisidzira kuratidza vokuAmerica NS Khrushchev, uye panguva XXII Congress of CPSU (1961) akachengeta chivimbiso chake.

Pakutanga, kufanana "Bang" 100 megatons, asi akazvidemba Norilsk Iron uye Steel Works. Takabvumirana pamusoro vakaenzana hafu. bhomba kureba - gumi metres dhayamita - maviri nehafu, muviri inoramba yakafanana, kubva stomegatonnoy uye bombolyuk kwakajairika Tu-95 hakukodzeri, aifanira zvishoma kudimburira kumicheto uye kubvisa nebhanhire. The zvakabatsira kumbenge zvose, kuti kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa rakapararira kumativi nyika katatu.

Zvisinei, zvakazova pachena kuti bhomba kwakadaro rechiuto yenyukireya harudikanwi, kukurukura wayo kubaya riri matambudziko, uye zvishoma mhosva zvishoma simba anogona anokumhan'arira wanyanya pane imwe kuputika hofori.

Tinovimba kuti nhoroondo hondo yenyukireya uye kupedza mabhomba maviri okutanga akadonhedzwa 1945.