The mabhomba bhomba: waifarirwa zvakaipa, kana mushonga nokuda nyika hondo?

History zvombo zvenyukireya kunotanga Zvakawanikwa Jacques Curie muna 1939. Zvino masayendisiti vakaziva kuti necheni nezvakaitwa nevamwe zvinhu angaperekedzwa nokubudiswa transcendental simba. Zvadaro yakava hwaro zvombo zvenyukireya.

The mabhomba bhomba iri chombo zvinoparadza. In nedanho kuputika asunungurwa sezvo yakawanda simba iri nzvimbo zviduku kuti fungidziro pasi zvizivikanwe nemichina chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine kuitika.

Zvinhu kukanganisa zvombo zvenyukireya: rakasimba kuvhunduka chinozunguzirwa, kupisa, chiedza, ionizing nemwaranzi, uyewo simba remagetsi kufamba kweropa. The mabhomba bhomba anoitwa yakavakirwa plutonium. Uyewo, kuti uranium exchange inoshandiswa.

Bhomba mabhomba yokutanga yakatanga uye akaedzwa vokuAmerica July 16, 1945 mutaundi Almogordo. Yakaratidza nyika yacho anotyisa simba zvombo zvenyukireya. Zvadaro, muna August wegore iroro, zvombo zvitsva yaishandiswa pamusoro zvavo muna paHiroshima neNagasaki. maguta Japanese vakanga voda nokupedzwa panyika kubudikidza kuvhunduka mafungu, uye vapona kubhomba wevagari akazofira kubva nemwaranzi kurwara. rufu rwavo Zvaindirwadza uye refu. Kushandiswa US zvombo zvenyukireya kwakakonzerwa kwete kudaro muchiuto nokurovererwa sezvo chinangwa kutyisidzira Soviet Union chombo itsva. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinoita chakaratidza kutanga kweHondo Yemashoko uye maoko nhangemutange.

Stalin zvakarurama Zvisinei vainzwisisa ruvhevhe,, haana kubvuma tyisidzira. All hondo nyika vakakandirwa pasi nokuumba "zvakafanana, ichibata mhinduro" - Soviet zvombo zvenyukireya. An kuna hoc komiti achitungamirirwa L. Beria chakatangwa nokuda kukura kwayo, raisanganisira Zvinovheneka zvakadai sayenzi sezvo I. Kurchatov, Kapitsa uye Joffe. Akapamba magwaro wokuGermany Bulgarian yepamusoro uranium exchange deposits vakakubatsira nechokwadi chirongwa zvenyukireya mafuta, uye nenguva ungwaru pamusoro US zvombo zvenyukireya nokukurumidza zvikuru kukura.

Information kuti Soviet Union ari kushingaira kutanga bhomba yenyukireya vakadudzira US achitonga vepamusoro chido achironga kuvhomora kuzvidzivirira hondo. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, chirongwa akanga vakava "Trojan" iyo kutora zvechiuto danho rakanga akaronga 1 January 1950. Panguva iyoyo, United States yakanga yatova enyukireya 300. The Hurongwa kundodana kuparadzwa makumi manomwe maguta makuru Soviet.

Zvisinei, Soviet Union vakarova vavengi. Muna 1949, August 29, kwave zvinobudirira vaedzwa ane mabhomba bhomba muSoviet bvunzo Nzvombo Semipalatinsk. The mudziyo, wakabereka bumbiro zita "RDS-1", yakavhiringidzwa panguva 7am. Chiitiko ichi rave nezvokudzokera wenyika. Kunobudirira kuidzwa zvombo zvenyukireya muna 1949 akavhiringidza urongwa vokuAmerica vakarwisa Soviet Union nokuda kutyisidzira kutsiva. Pashure pezvose, zvino kuti Soviet Union aivawo mabhomba bhomba yakaguma chindingindingi renyukireya muUnited States '. " A idzva, kushingaira danho kweHondo Yemashoko.

bhomba Soviet renyukireya aiva nesimba kilotons 22 chete. Zvino superpower yenyukireya mano kutakura megatons ose rinoparadza simba. Vanhu wakasika chombo inoparadza, asi kuvapo zvombo zvakadaro kunoita naye kubva itsva dzenyika.