Kazan Kremlin, Tatarstan: description, history, architecture

Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda dzinofadza uye dzisingakanganwiki munyika yedu kuti hakuzovi nekukwana hupenyu hunoona ose. Nhasi tichaenda kuTatarstan. Chiratidzo cheguta guru reRipublic is Kazan Kremlin, chikamu chakare cheguta racho, chinzvimbo chakasiyana-siyana chezvakaitika kare, zvigadzirwa zvezvokuchera matongo uye zvigadzirwa zvemaumbirwo zvinoratidzira mazana emakore ekare evanhu veTatar, guta rekare uye republic.

Nharaunda yose yezvinotambudza nhasi ndeye museum-kuchengetedza, iyo yakave iri pasi pekudzivirirwa kweUNESCO kubva muna 2000. Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) ndiyo inonyanya kukosha ye republic. Tatar uye tsika dzechiRussia tsika dzinowirirana mundima huru.

Kazan Kremlin: history, architecture

Chivakwa uye kugadzika kwechikomo apo Kremlin yava kugara iko kwakatanga mazana emakore akapfuura. Maererano nedzimwe ruzivo, kugadzirisa kwekutanga kwakaratidzwa pano muzana remakore rechi10, uye ikozvino muzana remakore rechi12 Kremlin yakava nzvimbo yakadzika kumativi ekumusoro kweVulgaria yeBulgaria. Pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nemana, Kremlin yakava pakati penheyo yeKazan yeGood Horde, uye gare gare - Kazan Khanate.

Mushure mokunge Kazan atorwa nemasoja eIvan the Terrible, dzakawanda zvezvivako zveKremlin zvakange zvakuvara, uye zvinenge zvese misikiti yakaparadzwa. VaTsar vakaraira kuvakwa kweKremlin yakave-dombo, uye nokuda kweizvi vavaki vekuvaka vakavaka kereke yeCasthedral yeSt. Basil vakatumwa kubva kuSpkov. Nhare yacho yakawedzerwa zvikuru, uye masvingo ekudzivirira matanda akatsiviwa nematombo muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi17.

Muzana remakore rechi18 Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) rakarasikirwa nebasa rayo rehondo uye rikava tsika netsika yehutungamiri munharaunda yeVolga. Mumazana emakore akapfuura, kuvaka kweGavhuna wePurazi, chikoro chegadet, imba yebhishopu, sangano rezvemweya, nekuvakwa kwenzvimbo dzekuvapo zvakaitwa pano. Mukuwedzera, Cathedral yeAnnunciation yakavakwazve.

Mushure megore raOctober Revolution (1917) muKazan Kremlin, bhero reAn Annunciation Cathedral, Chechi yeSpastosi Monastery, chinyorwa pasi peSpassky Tower nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaparadzwa. Mumakore makumi mapfumbamwe ezana remakore rechi20 Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) yakava kugara kwemukuru we republic. Panguva ino, basa guru rokudzorera rakatanga.

Kubvira muna 1995, basa rakavamba pakagadzirwa kweMusque Kul-Sharif. Nhasi iyi ndeimwe yepamusoro muEurope. Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) muenzaniso wakasiyana wekushandurwa kweRussia uye Tatar maitiro ekugadzira. Ichowo ndiyo yakanyanya kumusoro kwenharaunda yekupararira kwetsika dzeIslam munyika yose.

Nhasi, vashanyi vazhinji vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana enyika vanoshanyira Tatarstan. Kukwezva kunonyanya kufadza kweRepublic ndiyo Kazan Kremlin. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kuitira kuti zviongorore zvivako zvaro zvose, zvinotora mazuva maviri, uye kutarisa kwekuona nzvimbo kunotora awa nehafu chete. Asi, sezvo isu tisingarevi kwenguva, tinozoziva zviitiko zveKremlin zvakadzama.

Kuumbwa kweKremlin

Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan) inzvimbo yekuchengetedzwa kwemasimusi, inogara nzvimbo ye13,45 hectares. Masvingo emapurimita - anenge 1.8 mamita mamita. Iyi nharaunda huru inoshandisa Hondo Yenyika II Memorial Museum, Museum of Islam, iyo Hermitage-Kazan Center, Tatarstan History Museum uye mamwe masangano.

Spassky Tower

Mune shongwe iyi pane gedhi rekumusoro kune Kremlin. Vakagadziri Shirya naJakovlev vakavaka shongwe muna 1556. Kureba kwechivako ichi mamita makumi mana. Nhamba ye quadrangular inotenderera yakananga. Iyo yectagonal tier yakagadzirisa lumens kune rumwe rutivi uye ndiyo bhanhire apo bhero revhari iripo.

Pamusoro pane chigamba chezvidhina, chakavezwa korona nenyeredzi shanu. Mune imwezve octagonal cone ndiyo maawa ekurwa. Vakakudza Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan). Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza chemaawa ekutanga, akaiswa muzana remakore rechiXVIII, anofarira vatenzi vakawanda vedzimwe nyika vanobudisa nzira dzakadaro. Yakatsanangurwa nekuti nguva yacho yakarongeka zvakasingazivikanwi - pedyo nemiseve yakagadziriswa iyo dial yaifamba.

Chimiro chechimiro chekare chakachinjwa muna 1780. Awa, iyo iri pamadziro eSpassky Tower nhasi, yakaiswa muna 1963. Zvinoshamisa kuti nekutanga kwehondo ye chimes mazai-machena masvingo zvishoma nezvishoma anova muchero wakaisvonaka.

Nzvimbo dzinofarira

Izvo basa remapurisa ehurumende rakagadzirwa nemuumbi wekuMoscow V. I. Kaftryev. Chivako chakaonekwa muKremlin muma1900. Pano paiva mahofisi (okugamuchira) uye makamuri okurarama emhuri yemuvakidzani. Pasi rechipiri raive rakachengeterwa chigaro chechigaro chepamusoro chechigaro chechigaro nemakamuri eimba. Panzvimbo iyo Dare reGosudarev raive muzana remakore XV-XVII, imba yevarindi yakavakwa mukati mezana remakore rechi19.

Mazuva ano, Dhipatimendi reZvibvumirano Zvekunze zveMutungamiri weTatarstan, Central Central Electoral Commission neArbitration Court zviri munzvimbo yekare yekare.

Imba yeMasitadhi yekuchinja

Kazan Kremlin, tsanangudzo inogona kuonekwa munenge mabhuku ose ekudhindisa muguta, inozivikanwa kune chimwe chinhu. Kumabvazuva-kumabvazuva kweKremlin pane imba yemamata yakaoma. Pakati payo pane zvakasara zveTransfiguration Cathedral, yakaparadzwa muma makumi maviri ezana remakore rechi20. Pasi petsoka guru rechechi yepamhedheni unogona kuona bako duku, iro kubva muna 1596 kwaiva nzvimbo yekuvigwa yeKazan miracle vashandi.

Chivakwa chehama chinopinda pamupando wevanamatira. Muna 1670 masero emakona akavakwa pano. Zvakazoitika gare gare, nzvimbo yekugadzirisa uye imba yekuchengetedza mari yakavakwa. Chechi yaSt. Nicholas Wonderworker, pamwe chete nekamuri ye archimandrite inowanikwa kumadokero rusvingo rwekuoma. Kuvakwa kwechechi kwakavakwazve maererano nehuwandu hweA A. Schmidt muna 1815. Zvinonakidza kuti panguva yekuvakwa kwezana remakore rechi16 rekuchengetedzwa kwakachengetedzwa mumhando yayo yepakutanga.

Junker College

Panharaunda yeKremlin kune arina, yakavakwa maererano neprojekiti yakavakwa kare kuSt. Petersburg. Chivako ichi chakakonzerwa nekudzidzira kurwa. Nhasi pano ndiyo Institute of Literature uye Art. Ibragimova. Pamberi penhandare chivako chechikoro. Yakasikwa nemugadziri wePyatnitsky pasi pemisasa yevane cantonists.

Chivako chacho chakaendeswa kune dhipatimendi remauto muna 1861, gare gare yakazarura chikoro chechi cadet.

Kul-Sharif Mosque

Muchivanze chechikoro ndiyo musikisi yakanakisisa muguta. Mine minaire yakakwira kudenga kune makumi mashanu nemanomwe mamita. Iko kukwanisa kwechimiro ichi chikuru kune vanhu 1500. Minarets akavezwa muvaravara wei-turquoise, iyo inopa chivako chifananidzo chinoshamisa. Mukuwedzera kune musikiti, dambudziko racho rinosanganisira guru rakawanda reraibhurari-musamu, nzvimbo yekudhinda uye kutungamirirwa kweImam.

Chivako chiduku chakanaka chakakomberedzwa chine dome turquoise, chiri kumaodzanyemba kweMusque, iri dhipatimendi remoto, iro rakanyatsogadziriswa nesangano rakagadziriswa. Kul-Sharif yakadzorerwa zvakare muna 2005. Mari dzekuvakwa kwayo dzakapiwa nevagari vemo, uyewo mabhizimisi ehukuru.

The Annunciation Cathedral

Iri ndiro dombo rekare dombo reKazan, rakapona kusvikira nhasi. Yakatsveneswa muna 1562. Izvo zvivakwa zveKathedral zvinotarisa maitiro ePikkov, Vladimir, Chiukraine uye kuMoscow. Helmiform makowice, iri pazvitsauko zvakasara, muna 1736 yakatsiviwa nemashizha eonisi. Inzvimbo yakadzika inourawa nenzira yechiKraine baroque.

Muchikamu chepamusoro chechechi, yeOrthodoxy Museum yeChishanu cheVolga yakagadzwa. Imwezve imba yebhishopu, iyo yakavakwa muna 1829 pane nzvimbo iyo imba yevatariri veKazan yakanga yapfuura. Anopedzisa sangano rakafanana. Chivako ichi chakavakwa zvakare kubva pamatombo ebhishopu.

Artillery yard

Pasi pemusikiti uye kojiji ndiyo Cannon Court, kunyanya, chivakwa chayo chekumaodzanyemba. Ichi ndicho chigadzirwa chekare kupfuura zvose-chakavakwa pakutanga kwezana remakore re XVII. Chimiro chekugadzirwa kwemapuranga akatanga kushanda pano muzana remakore rechina. Uye gore rapera kwaive nekudzorerwa. Zvisikwa zvekutsanangurwa kweMusamende weCannon Court yakatanga.

Mazuva ano zviratidzo zvisingagumi, zviratidzo zvekuunganidza mafashoni, zvikwata zvekambani zvinoitirwa munharaunda yezvinonetsa. Pedyo nedzimba yekumaodzanyemba unogona kuona chikamu chechivakwa chezvidhinha pachivako chebwe. Mukutaura kwekudzika kwezvinoitika, chinhu ichi ndechokuti nguva yeKhanate yeKremlin. Mumazuva iwayo, dzimba dzakavakwa pano.

Gavhuna

Yakavakwa muna 1848 kune gavhuna weKazani ane makamuri eumambo yevatenzi vairemekedzwa zvikuru. Inotarisirwa nemabasa eK KA Ton, anozivikanwa nemabasa ake anoshamisa. Iyi ndiyo temberi yaKristu uye Guru Kremlin Palace muMoscow. Iyi nzvimbo yaimbova iyo imba yeimba yekouni.

Pasi rechipiri reimba yamambo rakabatana nechechi yepaguru nemuganhu. Yakanzi Vvedenskaya, yakavakwa muzana remakore rechi17. Mukati kechechi nhasi inoshanda Museum of History of Statehood, uye muGavhuna's Palace anorarama mutungamiriri weTatarstan nemhuri yake.

Süümbike Tower

Icho chiratidzo cheKazan. Iyo shongwe yakatumidzwa zita reTatar queen. Sezvo nhoroondo yacho inotaura, Ivan the Terrible, uyo akadzidza pamusoro pekunaka kweSyuyumbike, akatuma nhume kuKazani nechipo kumusikana akanaka kuti ave mambokadzi weMoscow. Asi nhume dzacho dzakabvisa kuramba kwekunaka. Mambo akatsamwa akatora Kazan. Musikana wacho akamanikidzwa kubvumirana nechinangwa chaIvan the Terrible, asi akaisa mamiriro ezvinhu: kuti mumazuva manomwe muguta racho akamira neshongwe yakareba ma minarets akange aripo.

Ivan uyo anotyisa akaita chido chemudiwa. Panguva yemabiko emutambo Syuyumbike akati aida kutora zororo kubva kuguta rake rekuzvarwa neruzhinji kubva pakakwirira kweshongwe yakanga yakangovakwa. Achikwira kusvika pachikuva chepamusoro, akakurumidza.

Kunze ichi chivako chakafanana zvikuru neBorovitskaya shongwe yeMoscow Kremlin. Zvinosuruvarisa, hapana nhoroondo yakarurama pamusoro penguva yekusika kwechiratidzo ichi.

Iyo shongwe inoumbwa nemataundi mashanu, iyo inoderera pakukura. Ikupedzisira mazinga ari octahedrons, iyo korona tende yakafanana neyctagonal truncated piramidi uye tsvina ine crescent. Kubva pamhepo kusvika kune imwe nyika kukwirira kwechivakwa ichi mamita makumi mashanu. Muzana remakore rekupedzisira, zvitatu zvakare zvakaitwa pano, sezvo shongwe yakawa. Nhasi kutsauka kubva kumativi emhepo ndiko 1.98 mamita.

Tainitskaya Tower

Pasi peSyuyumbike mune masuo eTinitsky ekupinda. Iri zita rakapiwa kwavari mukuremekedzwa kwejeri, iyo inotungamirira kunzvimbo. Pakukombwa kweguta, vagari vomunharaunda vakashandisa. Pakutanga iyo shongwe yainzi Nur-Ali. Vagari vomuRussia veguta vakamutumidza kuti Muraleyeva. Yakaputirwa panguva yekukundwa kweKremlin. Yakanga iri pagedhi iyi Ivan IV akapinda muguta.

Iyo shongwe yakadzorerwa, asi kubwinya kwemaumbirwo kwakapedzwa muzana remakore rechi17. Iye zvino pamucheto wepamusoro pano pane cafe "Muraley Gate".

Kazan Kremlin: excursions, prices, working hours

Vashanyi veguta uye vagari vomunharaunda yedhipatimendi rekurwendo rweKremlin vanokukoka iwe kuti utange kufamba mumusitamende-kuchengetedzwa, pamwe chete nevashandi vezvenyanzvi. Nguva dzokufambisa dzinoitwa muTatar, Russian, German, English, Turkish, Italian and French.

Kuvhura kweSpassky Tower kunozaruka zuva rega rega. Kuburikidza neTaynitskaya Tower, musuo unoitwawo kuKazan Kremlin (Tatarstan). Kushanda maawa: muzhizha - kubvira 8:00 kusvika 22:00, uye munguva yechando-kusvika 18:00.

Mutengo wekufambisa kweboka revanhu vatanhatu ndeye 1360 rubles. Neboka revanhu vanopfuura vatanhatu - 210 rubles kubva kune munhu mukuru.

Nzira yekuenda seiko?

Kazan Kremlin (Tatarstan), iyo kero yake Kremlevskaya, 2, iri kuruboshwe rworuboshwe rweVolga. Iwe unogona kusvika ipapo nebhasi Nhamba 6, 29, 37, 47, matrolleybuses Nha. 4, 10, 1 uye 18. Isa "Central Department Store", "Ul. Bauman "kana kuti pachiteshi chemasitima" Kremlyovskaya ".