Borovitskaya Moscow Kremlin shongwe munhoroondo. How kusvika kushongwe?

Chimwe chikuru zvinokwezva Moscow, uye Russia yose - iri nzvimbo yakakura pakati Kremlin uye yakabatana nayo. Takapoteredzwa rusvingo guru ibwe, ane shongwe yakaiswa achitevedza mukomberedzo vakawanda makumi maviri. Mumwe nomumwe izvi zvinoramba pachake nhoroondo yaro, zvakavanzika.

The Kremlin neshongwe yaro

Kubva kujairirana rwezasi-mabvazuva mukona uye kutamira Kutenderera mberi, tinogona kuona zvose siyana uye nokubwinya ichi mapurani mamiriro.

First munzira - Beklemishevskaya shongwe, gare gare akataura kuti sezvo Moskvoretskaya. Next - Constantine uye Helen, yaimbonzi Timofeevskaya mushure pedyo gedhi. Uye kana uri chirefu kupfuura zvivakwa gumi chete, maziso Borovitskaya Tower.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti zvose zvivako dzakavakwa panguva dzakasiyana, pasi kutungamirirwa dzimwe ezvivako. Panguva iyoyo vane wechokwadi unhu Russian uye tsika. The chete nevamwe adzo uye haaiti chaizvo kufanira kupinda zvinonyatsorehwa Ensemble - Nikolskaya Tower. It yakavakwa pashure uye nhaka unhu zvezvivako Gothic. shongwe dzomumakona vose vari wakatenderera, mumwe iri mukomberedzo kwemasvingo - tetrahedral.

nyaya

To musi, zvinozivikanwa kuti misha yokutanga pamusoro munharaunda Moscow Kremlin yaivapo Bronze Age. Uye chete muna 1156 zvivako vokutanga kuwedzera ndima uye kudzivirirwa kakawanda muvengi vachirwisa dzakavakwa. Walls akanga takapoteredzwa yakadzika nomugero.

Zvikuru kunzwisisa uye inonetsa noruzivo ichi mapurani marongerwo. Zvino kwakauya nguva apo Moscow akawana mamiriro guru umambo hwose uye maguta Russia. Zvino totaura vasiri zvaidiwa yekare Kremlin ano kuitika. Rinotanga nenguva zimba guru.

Aristotle fioravanti, Pietro Solari, Marco Ruffo, New Aleviz, Bon Fryazin - vose ezvivako izvi vakakokwa kubva Italy, kuti kufema upenyu hutsva kupinda mapurani. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuziva kuti nokushanda pamwe chete vatenzi Russian, vakagamuchira manyorero uye unhu zvivako Soviet. Panguva iyoyo tinofunga mamiriro vemo. Saka akaberekwa yazvino Kutarira of Kremlin, Borovitskaya, Beklemishevskaya vamwe shongwe.

Borovitskaya Tower: kubva kare kupa

Sezvo zvinyorwa zvekare, shure muna '61 pakati remakore rechi14 riri nzvimbo ano zvivako chete zita raiva kuvakwa. Moscow Kremlin ano Borovitskaya shongwe akazviratidza makore makumi matatu gare gare, mukupera remakore rechi14. Munyori akaita yavamwe mapurani, rinozivikanwa Peter Fryazin. Iye akasvika achibva Italy kuRussia panguva kukokwa ramambo.

Mugore rechi16 uye rechi17 emakore, neshongwe ave ndima kuna Zhitnyaya uye wakatsiga kwemba, kuenda kuti napasuo chikuru zvakanga zvisingaiti.

Pakati pezana navatanhatu remakore Borovitskaya shongwe yacho inowana zita rayo idzva - Baptist, vachikudza muchechi, iyo yaiva Kremlin. Zvisinei, pasinei nezvingaedzwa kuitwa, zita kumbobvira akapinda kushandiswa.

Kamwe suo raiva pamusoro Borovitsky kuvake Ioanna Predtechi. Asi pakutanga namapfumbamwe remakore, kana kuvaka aishingaira vakapfuura pevhu mitsetse, temberi eponymous chakaparadzwa. Icon wakarasika, asi chokutanga panzvimbo yayo akauya maawa.

akitekicha

Pakutanga Borovitskaya neshongwe yaiva yekudyidzana yakaderera uye raiva rectangular chivakwa paupamhi. Above nayo yaiva padenga tende zvakaitwa namatanda.

Zvisinei, pashure 1666 nokuti emakore zvakatanga kuwana neitsva chimiro. Chokutanga, kwaiva zvakawanda wedzera-Ons matatu, izvo zvishoma aiitwa maduku, tichipa pyramidal kuvakwa ine mhando. Chechipiri, musoro yakashongedzwa varefu, vanoda kuti denga ibwe octagonal denga.

Nokukurumidza kurutivi shongwe akazviratidza strelnitsa uye zvakachinjikwa masuo. Mhiri korwizi, isu akakanda bhiriji kuti anogona vachamutswa.

Remakore namasere vakauya nawo mazuva vakadzikama, uye zvikuru rinorema. Pashure makore mashomanana pashure pokudzorerwa, kana shongwe awana yakanaka chena ibwe details, guta guru akarwiswa nemauto Napoleon. Hwakawanda zvivako vanoparadzwa, sezvinei, neshongwe yakatambura zvishoma. Nokufema akaputsa tende rake.

Pashure paizvozvo, tinoisa kuitira kuvaka kwemakore matatu. Zvaive munguva iyi chokupinda wachi rinooneka.

Pakati pezana nemisere remakore shongwe rework chechi. Kutakura midziyo zvakafanira uye chigaro. Ekunyebera dzakachena zvikamu, asi ivo kuonekwa zvakare pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Uye pamusoro masuwo Moscow nguo maoko akaisa mufananidzo. Sezvaunogona kuona, nyaya Borovitskaya shongwe akazadzwa zviitiko siyana. Erection, nokuparadzwa, kudzorerwa, kuchinja zvinangwa uye kushandisa zvisikwa - izvi zvose zvinoratidzwa pakuvaka uye akasika mufananidzo kuti kunogona kuonekwawo nhasi.

Last kunatsiridzwa shongwe rakaitirwa makore mapfumbamwe apfuura.

mukati

Kana kutarira mukati, unogona kuona kuti Kremlin Borovitskaya shongwe panguva yayo yakaderera quadrangle (pasi rectangular marongerwo) rakakamurwa tiers. Kubva pano unogona kuenda zimba, iro nhasi hafu-raparadzwa. Mune chimwe quadrangular akachengetedzwa zvinhu kuti kamwe yakashongedzwa kereke.

Pakuvara manera anotungamirira vashanyi pasi wechipiri, iro rine rectangular hwindo. Okupedzisira maviri quadrangular kubatanidzwa mune imwe kamuri, vane akafanana nemamiriro octagonal tende pamusoro pake.

gedhi

Zvisinei chinozikamwa hakusi chete Borovitskaya Tower. How kusvika pariri, uchadzidza pazasi. Uye, kamwe panzvimbo chaiyo, uchaona kuti pane vakawanda kuwedzera. Ndicho suwo wopedza strelnitsa. The yokupedzisira zvakabatana kushongwe panguva chaipo pasi, ndima kunotungamirira kuti zimba chikamu. Kana kutarira pamusoro chivakwa, unogona kuona kuti ane mativi chimiro.

Ngatitarisei napasuwo, akawana maviri rakamanikana maburi. Ivo somutariri nzvimbo cheni huru paisimuka zambuko kana zvakakodzera. Kana achipfuura pasuwo, itii tasa, pakadzika vari kuoneka, izvo viga simbi. Vanyori venhau vanoti kuti magedhi izvi zvaiva pakati rokutanga zvichienzaniswa nemamwe ari Kremlin. Uyezve, havana zvakachengetedzwa asi ekare nguvo zvombo, kwakabva iyo haisati dzatangwa.

zambuko

Nhasi zvakaoma kufungidzira rapfuura muchimiro hunhu kuti vakakomba Kremlin masvingo. Neglinnaya River, zvino vapinda mutopota, yaiva pamwe kumadokero rusvingo. Zvakanga machakwi uye marshy nzvimbo. Zvakananga kubva pashongwe pacharwo murwizi unopinza dzokai uye siya padivi. Muzana remakore rechi16 pane yakavakwa ibwe zambuko.

Kuti dzisimbise uye dzidzivirire nani gwara vakasarudza kuti vaunze shongwe. riri runoenzanirana basa rave richiitwa. Sezvo nhare yaiva sarudzo huru. Zvisinei, mubvunzo: sei Borovitskaya neshongwe Kremlin achava kuwanikwa, sei kuenda kurudyi kunzvimbo kubudikidza nedutu mvura varwi yomuchinda? Kugadzirisa akawanikwa ari muchimiro kuturika.

Nhasi, kubva mamiriro ichi yakanyangarika, nokuda kurasikirwa kwake pakugadzwa, akanga aparadzwa.

tungamirira

Sezvineiwo zvakakwana, uye yakanaka anotarisa Borovitskaya Tower of Moscow Kremlin. How kusvika pamusoro pevhu? Zvose zviri nyore. varipo Major anogona kuva Borovitskaya Square uye Alexander Garden. Zviri nzvimbo idzi dziri pedyo napedyo kushongwe.

Kubuda mumunda, unogona kushandisa mana pevhu:

• "Arbatskaja" (Pokrovskaya Arbatsko- yebhuruu bazi № 3);

• "Alexander Garden" (zvitema Filyevskiy bazi № 4);

• . "Lenin Library" (dzvuku mutsetse nhamba 1);

• "Borovitskaya" (wachena bazi № 9).

Saka, kuwana ichi zvinokwezva kunoshamisa kuvhurwa chero pfungwa Moscow.