Ndiani akazarura India? Search History chinhu chinoshamisa nzira East

Tisati tataura pamusoro ndiani asvinudza India vanofanira kunzwisisa nei vokuEurope kazhinji vakatanga kubvunza mibvunzo kuwana nzira itsva nyika iyi kure. Chikonzero chikuru chaiva chokuti eMongolia akakunda mumwe anenge ose pfungwa dzinokosha dziri pamusoro Silk Road. Trade ukama pakati vakundi havana chinhu chokutanga, ipapo kuguma remakore rechi13. kutengeserana China neIndia ari zvikuru kuoma kuti Europe. Rakanga rinotungamirirwa Arab vatengesi uyo kuwana purofiti ichi sezvo kwavaigona.

Yokutanga kuedza kuwana imwe nzira India

Pakarepo mushure Saint-Jean d'Acre - rokupedzisira nhare iri Kumabvazuva Europe - yakawira kuGenoa vakatanga kushongedzera pakundopambara kuwana gungwa kuenda kuIndia. On ngarava maviri akazara wezvokudya, mvura yakachena nezvimwe zvinodiwa, hatina vaenda Vivaldi hama. Pasi urongwa, pakutanga ravaifanira tisvike Ceuta (Morocco), uye kubvira ipapo mukuru gungwa kuti awane Indian nyika uye kuzvitenga yakachiva zvinhu zvinokosha. Hapana yakavimbika uchapupu kuti zvionekwe vafambisi dzakakwanisa kusvika pamhenderekedzo India. Zvisinei, pakutanga remakore rechi14. neSvondo vanotanga kuonekwa pepa nokururamisira yakarurama Africa, zvichireva kuti vakakwanisa kupfuura kuwana kumativi rwezasi inopisa kondinendi.

The akakurumbira rwendo kubva Vasco da Gama

Vamwe vanotsvakurudza achiri kunzi hama Vivaldi vaya akavhura India. Zvisinei, mukuru Data havabvumirani nemashoko aya, apo Vasco da Gama anonzi kuva oga akawana gungwa kuenda East.

Mukati zana pashure rwendo Vivaldi Spain nePortugal akatuma nezvikepe mumwe pashure pomumwe, asi hapana Vafambi aisava vabudirira. Muzhizha 1497 pamusoro sezvakarayirwa chete huchikwira Portuguese choushe Manuel I imwe flotilla ndakanga akagadzirira kuwana nzira India. Murayiro Zvikepe zvina mambo akarayira Mutungamiriri Vasco da Gama - kuverenga uye akangwara murume, aiziva mumuzinda anonyengera, izvo, maererano Manuel I, uyewo zvichibvira aizokwanisa kutsungirira basa yaakaronzeswa. Uye akanga asina kururama, nokuti ikozvino Vasco da Gama anozivikanwa kwatiri somunhu mumwe wakasvinudza India.

Kugadzirira rwendo kubva pakutanga kusvika achinyora akatungamirira Bartolomeu Dias - munhu muna 1488, kunyange zvazvo asina vawana gungwa kuenda kuIndia, asi kwakasvika yokunyanyisa pfungwa Africa, iyo vakagamuchira kwayo chiedza ruoko zita Cape of Kusawirirana (gare gare kunzi Cape of Good Hope ).

Experience akawana Dias akatendeuka akabuda chaizvo panyaya iyi. Zvikurukuru, akabatsira kugadzira zvikepe itsva parwendo, nekuti, yake mafungiro, zvatinosiita caravel categorically kwete akakodzera chakadaro chakakura kushambira.

gadziriro Final apera, uye musi waJuly 8 1497, kunorwa pakati Vasco da Gama akatamira nzira iri kure. vakaunganira pamusoro mapuranga ngarava mana 170 yakanakisisa Portuguese vezvikepe. Vazhinji mavambo rwacho chakanga Kunyatsoziva kushambira Dias. midziyo vose vakagadzirira vaine panguva iyoyo kufamba mugungwa nhumbi panguva dzinoshandiswa chikwata yaiva mepu zvakarurama zvikuru. In kwokutanga matanho Dias akaperekedza zvikepe, uye kare pedyo Cape Verde Islands wakaburuka pamhenderekedzo.

Vasco da Gama rwendo akamanikidzwa kuita dhituwa kukuru kuitira kuti vakapoteredza kanyika kuti Anonyaradza mu muGulf of Guinea. Christmas 1497 rwendo akasangana apo nechikepe achitevedza kumabvazuva kweAfrica. Panguva iyoyo 4 zvikepe kune vatatu chete: chimwe akanyura pedyo Cape of Good Hope. Traffic inoyerera kuchamhembe kudziviswa zvikuru kumadokero aibuda, asi nekuti zvokushambira kwakanga kwakaoma.

Zvisinei, March 2, 1498 kunorwa akabudirira asvika Mozambique. Pano, vaya akavhura India vakazoroorwa akatora pane kusingafadzi chiitiko pamwe mutongi yeko. Pasinei nokuti mari kushongedzera kunorwa, kuti Portuguese haana kudemba, nezvipo, ivo miscalculated. Somugumisiro, panzvimbo kuvandudza ukama Mozambican Sultan, ivo vokuEurope zvakatonyanya zvinowedzerwa kwavari dzakamanikidzwa kusiya nekukurumidza kunzvimbo idzi.

Next rwendo pokugara da Gama inowanikwa Mombassa, asi kunyange ipapo vanhu vakamirira kunyanya chomudiki. Uye chete chengarava rechitatu, akadana Malindi, chikwata akakwanisa kuzorora, vawane simba. Gavhuna yomunharaunda pavakatambudzwa muchiPutukezi uyewo zvichibvira, uye kunyange svol da Gama pamwe Ahmed ibn Majid - aidzidzisa yake yakanakisisa. Ibn Majid akatevera pamwe pakundopambara kune kwavaiendeswa.

The chinoshamisa - pakuvhurwa India - yakaitika May 20, 1498. Panguva iyoyo zvikepe pavakasvika Calicut pachiteshi. Zvisinei, ukama Portuguese muchinda uye vaMuslim vatengesi zvomunharaunda kumhuka haana yakanakisisa nzira. Chimwe kunetsana ndikapisira da Gama ngavabude pachiteshi, kwete kunyange akamirira mhepo yakanaka.

Zvisinei, chinangwa chepakutanga vakazobvumirana, uye Vasco da Gama akanga munhoroondo vanhu vaya akazarura nzira India nemugungwa.