"Órgãos yeSoviet wehurumende" tafura. Paumbwe Soviet wehurumende: zvishoma pamusoro huru

Paumbwe Soviet wehurumende, tafura dzinokosha pamatanho kucharatidzwa munyaya yakatanga Congress Second. Rakanga paKokorodzano imwe inokosha. ipapo Petrograd aiva mumaoko wakazara vapanduki vanhuwo zvavo uye vashandi. Panyaya iyi, iyo Winter Palace, izvo Anogara zvokungoitawo hurumende, akaramba uncaptured. ruzivo urwu zvinozivikanwa kubva kosi chikoro zvavo. purogiramu yedzidzo "History (Grade 9)" paumbwe Soviet mamiriro chinorondedzerwa nenzira zvakakwana compressed. Pachena pfungwa huru dzehurukuro yacho kwacho kurongwa, izvozvo Anoongorora mumwe nomumwe tipping chinonakidza. Next, funga zvinhu pamwe paumbwe Soviet wehurumende. Ongororo yavo ichava nechimwe pfupiso huru zviitiko.

of chimurenga

Pausiku rechi24 raiva mukumukira chenhau yaOctober 25, 1917. Utungamiri hwake akanga akatakurwa kubva Smolny Institute. Masoja, vafambisi vengarava, uyo vakatsigira Bolsheviks, pasina kumbondinetsa achiitei zvinzvimbo anokosha muguta. October 25 pa 2:35 ari munhandare vakatanga njodzi musangano iri Smolny. It Lenin akazivisa kuti chimurenga chakazadziswa.

Paumbwe Soviet wehurumende: pfupiso chidzidzo (giredhi 9)

Chinangwa nemakirasi: vazive vadzidzi pamwe unhu uye nemigumisiro kwacho.

zvinangwa:

1. Kukudziridza unyanzvi vane dzidzo wenyaya, kuongorora kugona kwaro kuitwa maererano kwayo zano.
2. Kugadzirwa kukurukura nemano kutaura kwokukurukurirana.
3. Inotungamirwa zvakagadzirwa nounyanzvi nyaya.

Mode dzokudzidza: boka.

Type basa: chidzidzo kudzidza mashoko matsva.

unyanzvi Key chinozoiswa panguva basa:

• Communication.
• Hwesangano.
• Basa boka.
• Tichikwanisa Absorção de Água mashoko.

Equipment: Handouts, zvezvinangwa, bepa, notibhuku, bhuku, Map "paumbwe Hurumende yeSoviet."

urongwa:

1. Gadzira zviremera. Kubviswa mukirasi uye National kusaruramisira.
2. Union Socialist-kuipandukira uye Bolsheviks. The Third Congress of vokuSoviet.
3. Features management mumunda.

Wokutanga gwaro utariri

Paakanga waitsigira chikumbiro of Second Congress of vanhuwo zvavo, varwi uye vashandi. Gwaro iri rakazoshandiswa October 25, 1917-ndipo. Chikumbiro akanzi paumbwe Soviet wehurumende. Muchidimbu, pepa hurumende itsva munyika. In ichi nyaya isu akagadzira chikuru mirayiridzo zvezvipfuwo uye dzimwe negwaro. Kunyanya, akati:

• World.
• Wemupiro nyika vanhuwo zvavo.
• The democratization weuto.
• Pakatanga vashandi 'kudzora kugadzirwa, uye zvichingodaro.

pfungwa idzi zvose rakatevera vakanga wainyatsotaura uye rakatangwa muna vokutanga mitemo mu "Nyika" uye "The World". Chimwe gwaro rakaumbwa nehurumende yokutanga. The achitonga Congress chakataurwa pamusoro paumbwe muviri kwenguva vashandi 'uye vanhuwo zvavo' dzakapiwa zita Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars. Special makomisheni vakanga tasked pamwe kurapa nomumwe sectors zvoupenyu National. Murwiyo kwemiviri izvi zvinofanira nechokwadi Implementation chirongwa yakazivisa pedyo Congress. Paumbwe Soviet wehurumende akatanga kugadzwa vanhu Commissariats:

• Labor.
• Farming.
• Military uye wengarava zvenyika.
• Trade uye Industry.
• Finance.
• Of Education.
• Foreign Affairs nevamwe.

The nechepakati uye mukuru marongerwo

Vakatsunga kuti pakuzadzisa Hurumende yeSoviet. The All-Russian Congress rakaparidzirwa sezvo mukuru muviri. murayiro aro aifanira kugadzirisa chero nyaya chokuita basa munyika. Congress akaumba VTsIK (Central Executive Committee). Iye muridzi mukuru simba pakati congresses. VTsIK inoumbwa Proportional Representation webato zvikamu zviduku. Chikamu chokutanga kwaiva 101 nhengo. Izvi, 62 - the Bolsheviks, 29 - kuRuboshwe SRs, 6 - Menshevik-Internationalists, 3 - Ukrainian Socialist uye mumwe SR-maximalist. Sachigaro Committee rava ibwe. Sezvo nechepakati simba raiva CPC. Rakanga inotungamirwa Lenin. The chaizvo nezviremera idzva chokubatanidza Executive uye zvemitemo mabasa.

Saka, paumbwe Soviet wehurumende, chidhiraivho uye simba rakanga akaparidza Second Congress. Iye akagadzira mukuru misimboti sangano uye kutanga kwenyika itsva administrative hurongwa.

Basa Left SRs

Pashure kupambwa simba nokuda Bolsheviks vakatsvaka kuwedzera munzanga chawo. Kuti vaite izvi, vakaita hurukuro kutungamirira Left SRs nezvirango pasi iyo ekupedzisira vachamutswawo muna CPC. Pamusangano of Central Executive Committee iri mangwanani November, mumwe musarudze chisarudzo rakazoshandiswa. In kusimbisa kwayo pamusoro ndechokuti mugovanisi mapato esungano runobvira chete kana kuzivikanwa pakati reCongress Yechipiri sezvo chete tsime simba, chirongwa hurumende itsva ari muchimiro nayo runoratidzwa mitemo. Muna December, ivo Nhaurirano rapera, uye zvaiita hurumende yomubatanidzwa. The kubatana yeGutsaruzhinji-kuipandukira akaita mupiro mukuru paumbwe Soviet mamiriro, kunyanya mu rokutanga mwedzi pashure chimurenga. With rakananga kutora chikamu kwe dzakabudirira uye mvumo rondedzero pamusoro kodzero kushandiswa vanhu uye vashandi Third Congress. Gwaro iri akazivisa Russian Soviet Republic. The Socialist-kuipandukira pamwe Bolsheviks vachibvumirana akavhotera kupedza basa racho Constituent Assembly. Chisarudzo ichi Kwakabvisa wevakadzidza zvipingamupinyi, DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA paumbwe Soviet wehurumende. Muchidimbu, pamwe Social kuipandukira akabvumira kugadzirisa kiyi dambudziko utariri - kuti nokubatanidza vamiririri vashandi 'uye masoja' navakuru. batanidzo Izvi zvakaitika panguva Third Congress muna January 1918, apo murwiyo mutsva Central Executive Committee akasikwa. Rakanga wakapindwa 129 160 SRs uye Bolsheviks. Zvisinei, kwomubatanidzwa uyu haana kugara kwenguva refu. Nokukurumidza pashure Brest runyararo yakanga vakanyorerana, asi SRs vachipikiswa. Somugumisiro, pakati paMarch 1917, vakasiya hurumende. Muna July, Social kuipandukira nokumukira, izvo, zvisinei, akanga nokukurumidza woutsinye. Union gwanza zvinoratidza pezvakaitwa kuitika munharaunda, izvo zvakazoita kuti kukura kwoutsinye kusawirirana. kupikiswa ichi, Chokwadi, vakasiya rupawo racho paumbwe Soviet wehurumende.

administrative midziyo

Kuguma 1917 - kutanga muna 1918 kwakaita. pakataurwa yaitsiva aimbova vakuru vehurumende nevatsva. Created mano commissariats nezvimwe administrative ezvirevo. Mukupera October 1917, vashandi 'uye vanhuwo zvavo' nevarwi rakaumbwa. The nemamiriro CPC akabatana Cheka - Basa anoita pakurwisa sabhoteji uye pakaunda-chimurenga. Mukutanga December 1917 yakaumbwa Economic Council. muviri ichi chaiva kutanga upfumi nokutongwa munyika kuburikidza Kufambisa pakati yaivapo zvoupfumi Commissariats. Kuwedzera mapurisa uye Cheka, sezvikamu itsva wehurumende akanga nezvikepe uye hondo.

Zvinoitwa hurumende itsva

The Bolsheviks vakanga kwakavakirwa nemaonero vatungamiriri ayo. Pashure vachibata simba, vaiona ari pokutanga kuvhuna yekare mamiriro machine. The Bolsheviks vaidavira kuti kudzora kwava nderechinyakare uye vasingagoni kugadzirisa dambudziko cheka-mucheto modernity. Panguva iyoyowo, vanogona kufunga ndingangokuvara Kuchengetedzwa uye kushandisa dzairamba kwezvimwe zvinhu yekare administrative michina. Managerial rushoma mitumbi itsva ndanyarara hangu nokuda unyanzvi kwesangano uye echimurenga kufarira. The nyaya dzemapepa uye nemamiriro commissariats pane kusiyana avanoita nzira kuna Implementation pakati yaiona mabasa. Waiva asiri zvachose uye uwandu miviri mitsva. Vamwe Commissariats vakavhura 2-3 mwedzi.

Kunyanya pokugadzwa zviremera zvomunzvimbo

Zvino rugare nzira, uye zvombo kudzvinyirira kuti pakaunda-chimurenga. Legal framework kubvisa simba vamiririri aimbova hurumende huri pamusoro kurapwa, vakazivisa panguva Congress Second. Reruwa uye dzematunhu maguta, yezwi hurumende itsva achiri nyarara. Izvi imhaka yokuti nechepakati zviremera kutumira vari vamiririri vavo. Zvishoma zvikuru kuoma zvakaita muna Zemsky utariri. Izvi zvakanga nokuda vakawanda zviremera zvemo.

Local Councils, vasingakwanise kuti kutsiva dzomumaguta uye kumaruwa chivako, vachiedza kuashandisa rokugadzirirsa kudiwa operative uye nemakanzuru nyaya. Kutungamirirwa miviri izvi SRs uye Bolsheviks (kuputsa mubatanidzwa).

kungotaurawo mashoko

kosi dzidzo pamusoro apa, yaiti "paumbwe Soviet wehurumende (Grade 9)." Tafura pazasi ipfupiso munhoroondo mashoko.

mhedziso

The nechepakati Zviremera Vaitarisira kuti nokukurumidza sezvaungagona kuparadzira nawo mumunda. Mumwedzi wokutanga, Council aiva siyana kwemasimba. Ivo vanotsigira uye mauto. Muna April 1918, yakanga anofarirwa chirevo, maererano izvo gavhuna commissar zvaitambidzwa zvipatara, zvikoro, zviyero, mumatanda uye pfuma mumatanda.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, makanzuru handina kugara achitaura zvomusoro hofisi. Izvi akavabvumira kuva vatenzi chakakwana nevatongi vavo.