Arden (Belgium). Ardennes masango: basa First uye Second World Wars

Ardennes dondo - iri guru siyana pamusoro eponymous wemakomo eJudhiya, riri munharaunda ano France, Belgium uye Luxembourg. Pane shanduro mbiri kwakabva zita: pane pfungwa kuti placename Ardenne (Ardennes) anodzokera Celtic shoko "dema", apo maererano neimwe shanduro, zita rinobva mumasango ari chipauro "mukuru" mutauro mumwe chete.

General unhu

Ardennes kudondo nezviwanikwa. Kune deposits kuti marasha nesimbi mhangura. Nemiti dzinowanzotsigi- inomiririrwa birches, spruces nezvimwe Conifers. Akapa zita rimwe rwokumusoro-okumabvazuva French dhipatimendi, uye nhasi ndiro kupfuura dzinongoitika mumapaka kuti ushanyi. Ardennes dondo ane nzvimbo yakanaka chaizvo inokosha nzvimbo, saka kazhinji pachimiro zviitiko zvikuru European.

Nhoroondo uye tsika nemagariro

Kwe Ardennes dondo rokutanga rinoreva I remakore BC. Yuliy Tsezar yake yakakurumbira "Notes on Gallic War" hakuiti kuzeza rokuremekedza ichi. Uyezve, imwe hondo anonzi mune dzakawanda vakakurumbira mabhuku mabasa. Somuenzaniso, pano ndiri vachidzungaira anokudzwa knight Roland, gamba Ages nhetembo uye ngano. Zvakaitwa akakurumbira Shakespearean mutambo "Apo Here It" yakaiswa mudondo. KuMiddle Ages, nyaya mumabasa avo vakaita hondo iyi inoshamisa nzvimbo, achiisa yake murenje zvemashiripiti manyuko, zvinhu uye vaizadze nezvisikwa zvinoshamisa.

hondo

Ardennes Forest aiva pachimiro rimwe remapazi panguva World War First. Pano muna August rokutanga gore, yaizotangira ruvengo nehondo mauto eGermany uye French dzinotyisa. Kusanzwisisana Major zvinopindura munzvimbo mbiri: muna Longwy nharaunda uye Semois River. Muchikamu chekutanga French mauto vakakundwa uye vakadzokera shure kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Pashure hondo pakati Kuzorora diki. On rwizi, uto French, pasinei kwayo ukuru, pazvisina.

Nokushanda 1944-1945

Ipapo chiitiko yokurwisana pakati mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany uye vokuGermany akavawo sango Ardennes. Hondo yakanga hwava pedyo nokuguma, asi akanga achiri hondo mutsindo, idzo mativi kuvunganidza ravo rose. Muzhizha ra1944 mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany asvika mauto avo Normandy, nokudaro kuzarura yechipiri pamberi pamusoro kondinendi European. Izvi kuoma zvikuru nzvimbo vokuGermany kumadokero, sezvo vakamanikidzwa kukamura mauto avo migove miviri opedzisira nzvimbo rokumabvazuva zvekutepfenyura. ReBritain neAmerica mauto akanga achigadzirira mukurwisa chikuru, asi vokuGermany vaifanira kutyora nhare dzavo.

About zvirongwa zvavo zvakazivikanwa murayiro, uye akaenda danho rinotevera: kupfuura simba uye anokwanisa zvikamu raizoiswa Kumusoro nenyasi, uye ari pakati simba kuzvidzivirira yakavakirwa komberedza uye kutora muvengi mumusungo. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vokuGermany yakatanga chikuru kuve zvakakwana, rova yavo yakanga palpable uye kunonoka mberi nevatsigiri.

tsamwisa

Uise chikuru nokurohwa muuto reGermany iri mid-December kumadokero nemauto aiva dondo Ardennes. The Second World War kuuya kupera, asi nokushanda kwakaratidza kuti German nzvimbo achiri simba zvakakwana. Pashure pezvose, vakaputsa kuburikidza mupomerwi uye mberi zvikuru kure kure negungwa. tactical basa wakaiswa pamberi pavo: kukomba mabhiriji pamusoro Meuse River, sezvo vakazarura nzira munharaunda Belgium. VokuGermany vakasarudza kutora danho iri, pasinei vakasashaiwa huni, asi vari kutarisirwa kuzadza kuna French uye zveBelgium nenharaunda. Mumazuva gumi, mauto eGermany vakarwisa omubatanidzwa nzvimbo. Vakatokwanisa akakunda guta St. Vith. Zvisinei Bastogne kuti kutora uye vakakundikana. Kuti rikurumidze kumashure, Churchill akabvunza Stalin zvokuti wakakurumidza kufamba mauto eSoviet kumadokero zvekutepfenyura.

counteroffensive

Arena kutsiva vatsigiri akava zvose zvakafanana azere matambudziko Ardennes dondo. Belgium, zvakawanda chaizvo, rayo guru, rakanga chinangwa kufamba nevaNazi, apo vaifungidzira kuti zadzai zvokudya zvavo, uye peturu. Zvisinei, zuva December uye mangwanani January gore rakatevera, mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany yakatanga mutsindo counterattack. Vakatadza urongwa hwavo kumukomberedza vokuGermany uye kuvapinza mhete. Kubva kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba, vakaita chaizvo kurondedzerwa matambudziko ari muvengi akatora muvira zvakatipoteredza. Zvisinei, muvengi akaramba kurwisa uye vazvidzivirire. Kwokupedzisira akazochinja patova mauto eSoviet yakatanga chikuru tsamwisa kubva paGungwa reBaltic kusvikira Mountains Carpathian. Izvi kumanikidzwa murayiro German kuti uchatamisa inokosha, mauto akawanda anogona kumabvazuva, nokudaro vachinetesa nzvimbo West. Ipapo dzairwisa akuvadzwa kwokupedzisira kukundwa kwavavengi, uye pasinei zvirevo vaHitler kuramba kurwisa, vakasara mauto eGermany akatanga shure.

ukoshi

Ardennes dondo, pikicha iyo chinopiwa munyaya ino, aiva nzvimbo imwe zvakakura kukundwa vokuGermany panguva yokupedzisira pavaipfuura hondo. Vakanga varasikirwa ose ndege yayo dzinobatanidzwa mukushanda, kunyange zvisati nguva kukonzera zvinoverengeka zvinokosha kurwisa airfields vatsigiri vari French uye zveBelgium nenharaunda. VaNazi havana kuzadzisa kunyange zvinhu zvayo hwokugadzira dambudziko: regai anopamba mabhiriji pamusoro Meuse River. Ivowo havana kuwana chinotsva, waiva chinangwa chechipiri chinokosha pamusoro murayiro German.