Emperor Peter II: Biography, zvikurukuru hurumende, nhoroondo uye utendeuke

Catherine I uye Peter II akatonga kwamakore 5 chete. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo vakakwanisa kuparadza dzakawanda masangano kuti tanetseka chaizvo akavaita mugadzi kukuru. Ndosaka Peter I asati afa uye haana kukwanisa kusarudza munhu akakodzera mutsivi, izvo zvinogona kuva nomwoyo wakachena kupa chigaro.

Kunyanya sagona ushe aiva muzukuru Russian mambo wokutanga.

vabereki

The ramangwana mambo Peter II - ndiro mumiririri wekupedzisira Romanov youmambo zvakananga mukono mutsetse. Vabereki vake vaiva Tsarevich Aleksey Petrovich uye German Princess Charlotte pamusoro Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel. baba vake aiva mwana asingachadiwi vanogara dzinotyorwa baba chikuru. Marriage Alexei akanga dynastic uye akaroora varayirwa Peter I. Princess Charlotte haana vakafadzwa tarisiro kuenda "Muscovy" sezvo mukadzi wokumwe ungainly jaya, regai kuriteerera.

Chero zvakanga, muchato kwakaitika muna 1711. The muchato rwakatora makore mana chete, ndokuguma afa kwake rokuberekwa mukomana murume, anonzi kuremekedza sekuru vake Peter.

Biography: Childhood

Panguva yokuberekwa (12 October 1715), ramangwana pamambo Peter II aiva kurwa kuti chigaro rechitatu. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu aya anyanya pfupi chaizvo nguva. Chokwadi kuti babamunini vake akaberekwa mazuva mashomanana gare gare. Mucheche yakanga unonzi Petro, zvinopesana netsika dzose, uye muna February 1718 iye akanzi mugari wenhaka yokunzvenga mukoma - Alexei. Saka, mambo wacho muzukuru uduku yakanga isina kujeka uye nherera, sezvo akanga asina amai nababa pakutanga havana kuratidza kufarira kwake, akaurayiwa. Kunyange pashure pokufa Peter Petrovich haana pedyo dare, sezvo sekuru, uyo akasarudza proekzamenovat muchinda rakawanikwa kusaziva ake zvakakwana.

The mubvunzo yokugara

Nokuti zvose dynastic mitemo afa Peter I kutora chigaro kwake chete mugari wenhaka ari munhurume mutsetse. Zvisinei, nhengo dzakawanda guru boyars, akasaina rufu mapepa Prince Alexei uye aiva nemafungiro kwairi, zvakarurama vaityira upenyu hwavo zvinoitirwawo accession kuti chigaro mwanakomana wake.

Saka dare vakaumba mapato maviri: nokutsigira mucheche Peter, iine vavengi vake. Yokupedzisira akagamuchira rutsigiro rakasimba chamambo, uyo akasaina chirevo pamusoro abolition mutemo yakare, akabvumira kuti kugadzwa mudyi wenhaka wakatsaurwa mambo hwokuva makafanira kutora chigaro. Sezvo Petro haana nguva kuzviita muupenyu hwake, shamwari dzake dzapedyo - Menshikov - akakwanisa kupfeka choushe Empress Catherine. Zvisinei, muchinda-simba zvose akaziva aizotonga kwenguva refu, uye akanga pfungwa kuroorwa chete Romanov makono mwanasikana wake Maria. Saka, nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo zvinogona kuva sekuru mugari wenhaka pachigaro uye vachatonga nyika zvayo chete kungwara.

Kuti aite izvi, iye kunyange akagumbuka kuroorana Mary Menshikova uye akawana kuzivikanwa predoplagaemogo mwanakomana-mugari wenhaka.

Accession pachigaro

Catherine I akafa May 6, 1727. Kana kuverenga kuda yakanga, zvakanzi vakawana kuti kwete chete sei kugadza muzukuru wenhaka wake, asiwo akarayira zvose kuti aivabatsira pakuguma muchato pakati pake uye mwanasikana Alexander Menshikov. Last Will of Empress chakaitwa, asi kubva Peter II haina asvika rokuroora zera, unongoshanda kuziviswa kuroorana. Panguva iyo nyika yakava mubati Supreme Council, iyo zvinomukira muchinda oda kuva pakupedzisira mambo bvunzo.

Peter II: bhodhi

Emperor kuyaruka nokuda nezera ravo nezvavanokwanisa havana kugona kutonga oga. Somugumisiro, simba iri kutanga dzinenge zvachose mumaoko ayo aida bvunzo. Kufanana Catherine I, nyika yaitongwa inertia. Nepo courtiers vazhinji vakaedza kutevedzera Zvinorairwa Peter I, asi iye akasika nevezvematongerwo enyika pasina kuvapo kwake kugona ushande zvinobudirira.

Zvisinei, Menshikov akaedza munzira dzose kuwedzera kukurumbira pakati vanhu vamambo wechiduku. Kuti izvi zvidaro, akaita nokuda maviri Manifesto. Pazuva rokutanga vavo vakatapwa mujeri kusabhadhara mitero yakanga akaregererwa uye akadzima yakare serf chikwereti kuna muchivigiro. Uyezve, yekudyidzana kwakadzora kurangwa. Somuenzaniso, zvakanga airambidzwa pachena kuratidza muviri vaurayiwa.

Mumunda wokumwe kutengeserana ndiko refu nonoka kudiwa inokosha kuchinja. Peter II, chaizvo kodzero pamusoro pake, Alexander Menshikov, akaderedza basa iri hemp mutsvuku uye izvo vanosunungurwa kose, kuti awedzere mari yacho yepfuma, uye kuSiberia mbava okisheni kwakanga kazhinji asingachaiti hurumende mari kubva mubereko.

Chimwe nehanya yaiva kudzivirira Menshikov yamambo wezvakashata nerokukundisa hurumende yake. Kuti aite izvi, anokwanisa, akaedza kuva mutsa kare mamwe masoja avo. Zvikurukuru, ndiwo zita mambo vakagadza pachinzvimbo chevatatu Field Marshal Prince Dolgorukov uye Troubetzkoy, uye Burchard Minikh. Statement sezvo Menshikov akapa musoro mukuru mukuru uye generalissimo wehondo Russian.

Shanduko simba

With zera, wechiduku mambo akatanga kukura inotonhorera Menshikov. Panyaya iyi, basa rinokosha reDare Osterman, uyo aiva mudzidzisi wake, uye akaedza nzira dzose kuti vanozviminamisa mudzidzi wake ngurwa woWokumusoro Serene Prince. Akanga achibatsirwa Ivan Dolgoruky, uyo aida kuroora Peter II, hanzvadzi yake Princess Catherine.

Kana muzhizha 1727 Menshikov akarwara, vavengi vake vakaratidza muduku mambo kuongorora zvinhu pamusoro nyaya Tsarevich Alexei. Izvi, akadzidza nezvebasa baba mwenga wake mhosva uye kurangwa kwavo mwanakomana Peter I.

Apo Menshikov akadzokera kubasa, ndakaona kuti ramangwana mwanakomana akasiya imba yake uye ikozvino zvose mibvunzo zvinokurukurwa chete Ostermann uye Dolgoruky.

Nokukurumidza Serene Prince akapomerwa embezzlement uye hurumende uye vakatapwa pamwe nemhuri yake Tobolsk mucheto.

Peter II Sam akatamira Moscow uye akazivisa avimbisana Ekaterinoy Dolgorukoy. Zvino zvinomudzora muvaraidzo, asi sezvo ezvinhu inotongwa nehama musikana wake.

rufu

January 6, 1730 pashure vodoosvescheniya pamusoro Moscow River Peter II akatora mauto achimisa uye nyore chaizvo. Pavakasvika kumba, zvikazooneka kuti akanga chibhokisi. Maererano zvapupu, delirium wake, aida kuenda hanzvadzi yake Natalia, uyo akafa makore mashomanana akanga apfuura. Mambo akafa mazuva 12 gare gare uye akava gavhuna wokupedzisira Russian, uyo akavigwa Kremlin raMwari Cathedral Ngirozi Huru.

Peter II Unhu

Maererano netsamba vakararama panguva, mambo kuyaruka haana pfungwa kana pabasa. Uyezve, akanga kudzidza, izvo hazvishamisi paunofunga kuti kwaari kumbova zvakakodzera akura kutarisirwa. moods ake uye tsika dzakaipa kazhinji kwakavhiringidza pakati senhume uye vatorwa muRussia uye akapa kudare. Kunyange kana akakwanisa kurarama kusvika vayaruka, hazvingaiti hurumende yake zvingava zvakanaka kuti nyika.