Industrial vanhu kunoratidzwa ... Chii chinoratidzwa maindasitiri vanhu

Munhu wose akanzwa nezvazvo pfungwa dzakadai maindasitiri yaitonga uye maindasitiri, asi vashoma inogona kurondedzerwa muchidimbu navo. Eya, edza kunzwisisa.

Industrial vanhu: chii

Nguva iyi kunoratidzwa ichi mhando pamusoro paruzhinji ukama, izvo kwakavakirwa weboka basa, uye indasitiri anokwanisa kupa vanhu vane upenyu hwomutambarakede. Hazvina zvenguva pakati kwakajairika musimboti uye ruzivo (post-maindasitiri) nzanga.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kare kuzodana ano post-maindasitiri nzira youpenyu, ane chaizvo "maindasitiri" zvinhu. Tichiri isu tiende pamusoro pevhu, zhzhem marasha bhaira, uye waya foni neapo anoyeuchidza ake shrill yokudanwa indasitiri reSoviet kare.

MARARAMIRO maindasitiri vanhu

Nhanganyaya kuEurope nzanga munzira mberi - hazvina zvishoma nezvishoma dzinoratidzwa shanduko feudal ukama capitalist.

New nguva (ichikosha kwemaindasitiri) ndiyo nguva kubva 16 kusvika 19 (kutanga 20) CC. Mumakore aya matatu emakore, European nzanga yasvika kure, kufukidza nharaunda vose upenyu hwevanhu:

• Economic.
• Political.
• Social.
• Technology.
• Spiritual.

Muitiro zvishoma nezvishoma zvakagadzirwa rinonzi mazuvaano.

Yezwi muindasitiri vanhu kunoratidzwa :

1. weboka basa. Zvanzi zvakonzera zvibereko kugadzirwa, uye - paumbwe nemakirasi maviri zvoupfumi: asi proletariat (mubayiro vashandi) uye bourgeoisie (capitalists). Mugumisiro weboka basa rakanga paumbwe itsva zvoupfumi - capitalism.
2. Colonialism - the kutonga nyika dzakabudirira European pamusoro zvemari shure inoti vokuMabvazuva. Zviri pachena kuti colonizer hwokushandisa dzevanhu uye zviwanikwa nemataundi nyika.
3. Scientific uye kwesayenzi chimurenga. Nokufambira mberi mune zvesayenzi uye ouinjiniya kuvamba kwakachinja upenyu vanhu.

Industrial vanhu kunoratidzwa anotevera zvinhu

• Urbanization.
• Yezwi capitalism.
• The chidzoke munhu Mutengi vanhu.
• Paumbwe pamusika pose.
• Kuderedza simba yeChechi upenyu hwevanhu.
• Paumbwe vakawanda tsika.
• Tichitarisa kuchinja sayenzi pamusoro hwevanhu.
• Chimiro makirasi matsva maviri - the bourgeoisie uye proletariat.
• A kuderera kwenhamba varimi.
• Maindasitiri.
• Kuchinja vanhu maonero (human munhu akazvimiririra - chemhando ukoshi).

The kwemaindasitiri mu Europe

Sezvambotaurwa, kune maindasitiri nzanga kunoratidzwa maindasitiri. We nyora kwezana kunyika Old World umo izvi akatora nzvimbo:

1. England - wokutanga nyika reEuropean munzira mberi. Nechekare muzana remakore rechi16 yakanga akazogadzira zvinobhururuka chomuruki uye hwemvura injini. Remakore rechi17 inogona kazhinji kunzi remakore zvakagadzirwa: wokutanga hwemvura locomotive wakaita nzira yangu kubva Manchester kuna Liverpool. Muna 1837, masayendisiti Cook uye Winston akasika remagetsi teregirafu.

2. France zvishoma "arasika" iri kwemaindasitiri England nokuda simba feudal hurongwa. Zvisinei, hurumende ine 1789-1794 akapfuura kushandura zvinhu: kwaiva motokari, uye akanga achishingaira dzakabudirira kurukiswa. 18th Century kunoshamisa Kugadzirwa Whitehead Textile uye zvedongo maindasitiri. The yokupedzisira pavaipfuura kwemaindasitiri French - ndiko kwaita zvokuimba okugadzira. Achiratidza, tinogona kutaura kuti France ndiyo nyika yechipiri kuti akasarudza capitalist nzira okukura.

3. Germany lagged kure shure kumhanya mazuvaano dzaro vamutangira. German maindasitiri mhando nzanga kunoratidzwa chitarisiko pakati pezana remakore rechi19 hwemvura injini. Somugumisiro, kumhanya maindasitiri chiitiko muGermany yawana anoshamisa tichimhanya, uye nyika rava mutungamiri muEurope muna kugadzirwa.

Ndezvipi zvakafanana pakati chinyakare uye mumaindasitiri vanhu

The chete zvinhu anowanikwa izvi vangasimudzira dzakasiyana mbiri nzira dzoupenyu. Traditional uye mumaindasitiri vanhu kunoratidzwa:

• kuvapo zvoupfumi uye enyika mabhora;
• midziyo hwesimba;
• mumagariro kusaruramisira - kuchengetwa chero mhando evanhu ukama, nekuti vanhu vose vakasiyana, pasinei nezera.

Emari maindasitiri vanhu

In tichienzanisa agrarian hukama kuMiddle Ages, ano upfumi yakanga hunobudirira.

Sezvo upfumi kunoratidzwa muindasitiri vanhu chinosiyanisa nayo?

• Misa kugadzirwa.
• Kukura rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura ..
• The kwaita chikwereti.
• The kwaita pamusika yose.
• Kuzvigadzira Patsva nematambudziko (semuenzaniso, overproduction).
• Kirasi hondo yacho proletariat pamusoro bourgeoisie.

The chinodiwa kuti zvaikosha zvoupfumi kuchinja kwaiva weboka basa, vanotsigira kukura yauinayo.

Zvakakwana akatsanangura British Economist Adam Smith. Akataura muenzaniso pagadzirwe nembambo, izvo zvinogona ainyatsonzwisisa kuti yakadaro "weboka basa".

tenzi ruzivo kunobereka dzinokwana 20 nembambo pazuva. Kana isu vagovane kugadzirwa muitiro kupinda nyore kushanda, rimwe nerimwe achaita ari oga basa, negoho zvichawedzera kakawanda. Pakupedzisira, zvinoitika kuti chikwata vanhu 10 pave vanenge zviuru 48 chiedza nembambo!

mumagariro mamiriro

Industrial vanhu kunoratidzwa anotevera features, kushandura hwezuva nezuva evanhu:

• uwandu hwevanhu kuputika;
• kuwedzera upenyu anotarisirwa;
• mwana-kuwedzera (makore 40-50 remakore rechimakumi maviri.);
• kwezvakatipoteredza kudzikira (kwakawedzera pamwe kukura maindasitiri choutsi);
• veMubatanidzwa affiliate panzvimbo zvetsika mhuri - rinoumbwa vabereki nevana;
• kuoma evanhu mamiriro;
• pasocial Misiyano pakati vanhu.

Popular tsika

Chii chinoratidzwa maindasitiri munzanga, kuwedzera capitalism uye maindasitiri? Popular tsika: zviri chinokosha kwayo.

Akaramba vachifambirana nesayenzi uye kwesayenzi chimurenga. kutsikisa michina kunge yakabuda, mabhaisikopo, redhiyo nezvimwe nhau - Ivo akabatana ari zvadzinofarira uye zvaunofarira neruzhinji rwevanhu.

Misa tsika nyore uye zvakajeka kuti zvikamu zvose vokuparidzira, chinangwa chacho - kuti zvimwe zvavanoita kubva munhu. Zvinonzi hwaiitirwa rokuisa zvikumbiro, uyewo - pamusoro vanhu varaidzo.

Heino mimwe mienzaniso dzakakurumbira tsika:

• Vakadzi enganonyorwa.
• Glossy magazini.
• Show.
• Comics.
• Sipo.
• Matikitivha uye yokunyepera.

Genre mabhuku anotaurwa okupedzisira ndima, rakagara richidudzirwa vaiona akakurumbira tsika. Asi mamwe masayendisiti evanhu havapindi maonero ichi. Somuenzaniso, "The Adventures pamusoro Sherlock Holmes" - dzinotevedzana mutikitivha nyaya, rakanyorwa mumutauro zvinoyevedza uye anoreva zvakawanda. Asi bhuku Aleksandry Marininoy inogona zvakanaka zvakabatanidzwa vakawanda netsika - dziri nyore kuverenga uye kuva rangano yakajeka.

In worudzii vanhu tiri kurarama

evanhu Western kunge akatanga chinhu chakadai ruzivo (post-maindasitiri) nzanga. tsika yake zivo, mashoko michina kukura, kuchengeteka kwevanhu uye kutarisira imba yedu huru - zvinoshamisa munyoro pasi.

Zvechokwadi, muupenyu hwedu kutamba kuwedzera basa ruzivo uye mashoko michina sei anenge munhu wose.

Asi, pasinei neizvi, indasitiri anoramba ishande, muchina joko peturu uye matapiri vose vakaunganidza makore 100 apfuura, muna kuwa uye ikakohwewa. Industrial mhando munzanga, sezvambotaurwa, inozivikanwa se nguva the indasitiri. A kukohwa matapiri - ndiko zvokurima, izvo zvakamuka kare.

Saka, musoro yanhasi nguva "post-maindasitiri" - wakanaka abstraction. Hazvina musoro kuti kureva munzanga yedu pamwe maindasitiri zviri mashoko.

Industrial nzanga dzinoratidzwa vanoverengeka anobatsira matongo uye kushanyira munhu Cosmos.

Vaunganidza kufambidzana ruzivo mukwende iri rakakura; chimwe chinhu ndechokuti anogona kana kuenda abatsire vanhu uye kukuvadza. Tinovimba kuti munhu achava zvakakwana kushandisa kunzwisisa kuti vaunganidza aikwanisa zivo mugwara.