Asvike vaNazi simba muItaly: kunokonzera nemigumisiro

Under Fascism kuItaly kunzwisisa pevatongi mutemo wehurumende capitalism, vachipedza kubvira 1922 kusvika 1943. murongi Its uye mutungamiriri wehurumende.

Fascism: Definition

Izwi kwakatangira kaviri. Tiine Italian fascio anoshandura se "League". Kubva Latin - "danda". Akaita sechiratidzo yeRoma yaitonga. Mutungamiri Italian Fascism - ari Prime Minister - akaita fascia kuzivikanwa nebato. Kutanga mabasa ayo, akatsvaka kudzorera hweRoma. The fascia rakagamuchirwa muna 1919. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kubvira panguva iyoyo akaberekwa Fascism. Kutsunga mabhuku masayendisiti richihuti syncretic utariri womuenzaniso. Pahwaro ayo mamwe mirayiridzo dzakaumbwa akazotevera.

zvinhu kufamba

KwechiFascist nechiNazi uchipinda richiparadzirwa munyika XX remakore. mhando dzakawanda havana zvakafanana kwouzivi enyika zvinhu. Zvakanga zvisiri zvakafanana uye pfungwa, tsika uye tactical nenheyo. Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kwechiFascist nechiNazi mu kuratidzwa siyana kuitika munyika. Vachitungamirirwa rwokufamba yaHitler akabuda mu Germany. Panguva iyoyo vokuArgentina yakaumbwa Peronism, muRomania paiva "Iron Guard", akaberekwa muna Spain falangizm muBrazil - integralism, Japan - statism. MuHungary, akaumba "Arrow Cross Party" uye zvichingodaro.

chinokosha

nevaFascist World Second asati vaitenda kuti zviito zvavo dzinobva zvakafanana nemitemo kwouzivi. Bato rimwe nerimwe raiva mutungamiri wayo. Mumwe-party hurongwa Vanzveri. Uye pfungwa kwaibva evanhu yaDarwin, elitism. Zvisinei, hurumende imwe anoedza vanoomerera Fascism discrete pamusoro rudzi rwavo. Somuenzaniso, muna Portugal, pakanga pane zvevafundisi-yemakambani mamiriro, izvo akatungamirirwa Salazar. In Spain, akava Phalangist Union. By 1945 vakasuwa akawanda yechiFascist hurumende vakanga kure nevaNazi. Saka vakaedza kurambidza equalization pfungwa dzavo kuna Hitler womuenzaniso.

yokungotaura garo

Chinokosha Pfungwa wegadziriro hwakapiwa mu "Dzidziso". musiki Its aiva Dzhovanni Dzhentile. Akaita muvambi dzidziso actualistic idealism. Dzhovanni Dzhentile akadanidzira mu "Dzidziso" ake nyika chiito munyika yevanhu. Akataura kuti vanhu havagoni kurarama pasina hondo. "Rugare Vasingagumi" akarambwa se chinhu zvakazonaka.

Prerequisites nokuti kwaita

Zvikonzero vasvika vaNazi simba muItaly vari midzi socio-ezvoupfumi ezvinhu iyoyo. Chakakomba zvakazokonzerwa hondo nokuti nyika vakanga chaizvo kunaka. -Huripo Pre evanhu, zvematongerwo enyika uye zvoupfumi matambudziko kwete chete asina kugadziriswa, asi nekusiyana, kunyange kupfuura kuwedzerwa. Nyika yechipikirwa muBalkans, nyika haina kugamuchira. Huge zvokunyama uye zvibayiro zvevanhu vakanga maturo. A zvakonzerwa nehondo hwakaparadzwa zvoupfumi zvekutepfenyura. Nemuumbi kwokushanda mukurima, kuwedzera chikwereti kwokunze, kuwedzera urovha. Ezvinhu vashandi hwaipa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvinoshamisa vanopinda mune gutsaruzhinji uye vashandi 'kufamba, uyewo matambudziko 1919-1920.

The inonyanya kufarirwa sirogani yakanga kudanwa pakati vaitsutsumwa: "Kuti tidaro, zvose Russia." Kureva 1917 chimurenga. In Italy, akakurumidza akatanga kuparadzira pfungwa nationalization akaitwa, kugadzwa udzvinyiriri pakati kushanda vanhu. Mumatsutso 1920, vashandi vakatanga kubvuta fekitari kuchamhembe kwenyika, nekuvasuma kushanda kudzora kugadzirwa. Kumaodzanyemba kwakawedzera varombo vanhuwo zvavo uye purazi vashandi. In izvi nokukurumidza akasimbisa nzvimbo Socialist Party. Yava enyika kupfuura kufamba munyika. Asi nokuda kuzengurira utungamiri kutsemura kwakaitika mubato. Muna 1921, kwabva bapiro kuruboshwe. It akaumba Communist Party.

Asvike vaNazi simba muItaly

1919 anonzi pokutangira pakutanga sangano idzva. In March chakaitirwa nyika constituent ungano webato "kurwisana sungano." It chinotungamirwa Benito (Duce) Mussolini. Akanga adzingwa mugovanisi kufamba uye akabatanidza disaffected masoja, vakadzidza, vadzidzi, vamiririri zviduku bourgeoisie, siyana mupendero pamwe kujeka enyika maonero. In yayo inofamba, uye akanga wakapindwa mhosva okunze. All izvi vanhu vakabatanidzwa kuvenga gutsaruzhinji nebasa sangano.

Chokutanga, vatori vechikamu yaiva duku. Asi vakuru kufamba zvakanaka wafungidzira ari kufara zvavo. Asvike vaNazi simba muItaly yakaitwa zvibvire nokuda vanoshingaira kushandisa evanhu demagogy, kufungidzira pamusoro dzakakurumbira masirogani panguva. Party vatungamiriri vakanga vachipa kubuda zvipikirwa makuru, kuedza chivimbo rwevamwe akaturikidzana uye makirasi. By kuwa muna 1919 akatanga kuonekwa mapoka nezvombo. nhengo dzavo ndatanga kutya pamusoro zvokutengeserana unionists uye Socialist. Pasinei demagogic vimbiso anoparadzirwa Duce Mussolini, vamiririri venyika guru bourgeoisie aona sangano simba vaigona kudzvinyirira basa vashandi, kuti adzivirire pfuma uye kumisa hurongwa munyika, achiteerera zvido elites. Muna November 1921, yakanga akaparidza paumbwe National yechiFascist Party muna Congress kufamba. Chinokosha wepurogiramu akanga akanyorwa rakabudiswa pfungwa "ukuru vanhu."

Features Italian Fascism kwaisanganisira ndechokuti kubudirira zvinangwa izvi vaifanira kushumira zvikamu zvose vemo. Kuti aite izvi, akavapindurawo, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti pave norugare pakati pavo. Nezvokumutswa ichi vaKomonisiti uye Socialist, anoshevedza hondo yacho proletariat pamusoro bourgeoisie, vakanzi vavengi kubatana nenyika. Zvakatanga vachishingaira nemari bato. Iye vakatsigira guru landlords, vanochengeta uye maindasitiri. Vaidavira kuti asvike vaNazi simba muItaly achadzivirira zvavanoda, kuparadza basa racho, vashandi simba kuteerera. With akabvumirwa vamiririri vepamusoro mutungamiri webato chaizvoizvo kokupedzisira kuti hurumende uye mapoka nezvombo Vakaronga mushandirapamwe muRoma. October 30, 1922 King anogadza Mussolini wehurumende.

sangano

Asvike vaNazi simba muItaly vakaramba ruzhinji kwevanhu. Mukutanga nzendo nechinzvimbo mubato kwave sagadzikana chaizvo. Zvisinei, anenge pakarepo dzavo rubatsiro yakauya American nevhu rakawandisa. United States nenyasha nyora kubvisa hondo zvikwereti kweItaly pa 80,2%. Uyezve, nokuti mari yasara yakatogadzirwa mukurumbira pasi interest - 0,4%. Pakarepo pashure paizvozvo, Morgan Bank muna 1925 akapiwa chikwereti $ 100 mln., Iro yakateverwa nedzimwe zvikwereti akawanda. Kwakapiwa kuti chinangwa chikuru pamusoro Versailles-Washington maitiro akaita sangano Anti-Soviet, kusvika vaNazi simba muItaly akabvumira kuti 'ponesai Europe kubva chiKomonisiti. " Ndokusaka Prime Minister "vaifanira rubatsiro rwemari" nzira.

pasi rose pamutemo

Mussolini kwainzi gamba, murwi pamusoro communism. US Ambassador mwana (mumwe mukuru vamiriri of America), ari Prime Minister wakatangwa kunyika avakuru kwokufananidzira nguva. Mashoko akafanana ndikaburuka muromo uye mumwe wezvematongerwo enyika akakurumbira America - Butler. Aitenda Prime Minister kukonzera yokutungamirira pamusoro XX remakore. Munyori weHurumende, uye ipapo nhengo US Armed Forces Charles Hughes, panguva dambudziko 1929-1933. Akati kuti nyika inoda kuti "Mussolini" kugadzirisa enyika uye zvoupfumi huripo nezvinetso. Pakutanga 1927 muRoma uye vakashanyira Churchill. Akanga mwoyo kushanya uye kufarira Mussolini.

Brief Historical Background

Mussolini akaberekwa muna 1883. Akauya kubva mupfuri kumhuri. chipangamazano wake womudzimu aiva Machiavelli. In upenyu chaihwo, Benito Mussolini nokukurumidza zvakakwana pamwe munharaunda iri kunetsana akabatanidzwa. Chokwadi kuti aiva nomwero basa somudzidzisi kupurayimari akanga aronga, paanga akatsvaka kuva Kesari. Mumakore 20, Achinzvenga muchiuto, Mussolini akatizira kuSwitzerland. Pano iye nguva vaiona akazvimisira mugovanisi, ipapo munhu anarchist, ipapo kuna Mwari, uye zvichingodaro. Akararama zvikuru havaratidzi. Vazhinji zvakabiwa. Zvino akaenda kujeri, akadzingwa Switzerland, akatamira kuAustria.

Political basa Benito

Muna 1905, sezvo somupanduki amnestied, akadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake. Zvaakanga akabatana Socialist Party, Mussolini akakurumidza basa. Kaviri akanga ari mujeri (pfupi). Sezvo nguva zhinji vakakanda vakadzi nevana. Muna 1914, Mussolini akava mupepeti pamusoro mugovanisi muviri, uye zvadaro kuronga pepanhau ravo, raida akadzivirira pfungwa yacho Entente. Pashure pehondo muItaly anozvarwa ane mukurumbira echimurenga sangano simba. Panguva iyi, ramangwana wehurumende anopa rubatsiro ake landlords uye capitalists. Vachinditsigira zvemari anounganidza thugs uye hooligans mumapoka - vanonzi yechiFascist nevarwi. Muna October 1922, iye anoronga kuti ngano "March musi Rome". Guru chakaita boka 8000 Blackshirts. Hurumende kunyonganiswa, uye Mussolini vaitarisira zvaizoitika sezvo Akave nokuvandudza, kunobva muMilan. Roma akangoerekana akagamuchira teregiramu umo mambo akamubvunza kuti mutungamiriri wehurumende.

mhedziso

Senzira Versailles-Washington maitiro akanga kufanoziviswa basa penyika vaifanira kuridza basa "chibhakera" nyika dzakawanda maitiro pamusoro Soviet Union. Zvinonyanya kuitwa musi Germany nemamwe masimba ane hurumende vaiona pachavo kusvika pamwero kunyimwa panguva rugare musangano. Pakati pavo paiva Italy. Turbid sefungu sangano idzva, iro rakatanga kwake dvadtsytye makore anomirira marudzi vimbiso hwakavimbika kwete chete kuti masimba avo achaita sezvo Vanguard pamusoro nzira Anti-Soviet. inoti izvi vaifanira kuva vemifananidzo zvenyika capitalist kuda zvechokwadi.

Nechekare muna 1920 zvakajeka kutsanangura mutemo munyika "democratic". Zviito zvavo zvose zvakanga zvainanga asika ezvinhu kuti kurwiswa pamusoro vanonzi vemifananidzo of USSR. Mukuita kudaro, masimba capitalist vaifanira kuramba pakachengeteka ichimirira, dzinenge dziri kwokutanga nzendo hondo. Zvinofanira kunzi Italy haasati airidza gitare yokutanga mumhanzi mu Europe. Hurumende haina kusiyana kukuru maindasitiri kwaniso, akanga asinganyatsoita nzvimbo. izvi zvose yekudyidzana kungogumira muchiuto nezvaanogona ose Fascism kuItaly.