National rweUkraine. History of Ukraine

Ukraine - a nyika rakava cheshanu muEurope panyaya vemo. Nhamba yevanhu vanogara munyika ino, maererano 2001 vaverengwe zvabuda, vakasvika mamiriyoni 42,8. The nhamba iri re pazasi, inoratidza dzinza Zvinoumba kuUkraine somunhu chikamu.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Ukrainians vakanga tripoltsy madzitateguru vaigara munharaunda pakati Dniester, Dnieper uye Southern Bug mumwe 3.5-2 zviuru. BC uye vokutanga Slavs, uyo akauya pano uye gare gare Carpathian nharaunda. Vakanga vaita zvokurima uye airarama ndakagara upenyu. Zviri vanhu ava uye matongosika hwaro yemberi wokuUkraine rudzi.

emakore anoverengeka akaita dzakawanda yaingopambwa vemadzinza anongofamba siyana mune necheSalvic nyika. Asi pasinei nokukwereta zvimwe zvinoitwa tsika dzavo, ivo Ukrainians vakakwanisa anochengeta zvitupa. Kunoratidza pacharo kwete chete mumutauro asiwo tsika dzokunamata.

ikozvino Ukrainians tiri mumwe guru marudzi enyika, chiine kugarwa mumoyo Europe uye zvishoma vakapararira munyika yose.

Vhuṱanzi

Nevakabva nzvimbo vaiona kuchamhembe, kumabvazuva uye nechepakati nhengo. Vashoma vanhu vanogara kumadokero uye kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu. Vazhinji vanogara - Ukrainians (anenge 78%), ndiro imwe mukuru emadzinza munyika. The dzinza Zvinoumba muUkraine kunosanganisirawo ari Crimean Tatars, Russian, Belarusians, Poles, vaJudha, Romanians, Moldavians nevamwe.

ano State

The Ukrainian zvemutemo kuzivikanwa (kunze chitupa chekuzvarwa), dzinza romunhu kusingajekeswi. Saka, vanhu vakaberekerwa munharaunda Ukraine, muri kwaita vagari. Uyewo, ivo chinokosha zvemo vanhu, zvisinei kwavo chitendero, dzinza, mutauro uye maonero enyika.

Madzinza vashoma, iyo inosanganisira vanhu vasiri pakutanga Ukrainians, asi nokungwaririra kutevedzera mitemo nemirayiro yose mitemo ano, seboka anomiririra dzinza Zvinoumba kuUkraine uye vanodzivirirwa neHurumende, uyewo vagari veko.

Kyiv International Institute wemagariro evanhu vaidzidza iri achazoburuka pamusoro urudzi wezvizvarwa dzavo vakasununguka kuzvidzora zvitupa. Ongororo yavo akaratidza kuti dzinza Zvinoumba Ukraine zvikuru siyana. Maererano mashoko akapiwa, pamusoro nharaunda ehurumende musha 62% mumwe monkey-dzinza wokuUkraine vanhu, 23% vane bietnicheskie Russian-kuUkraine, 10% - apina-dzinza vokuRussia, uyewo 5% yevanhu kuva nemamwe mapoka.

The Vagari musimboti nharaunda

Funga madzinza Zvinoumba kumatunhu Ukraine vake, kutangira Kiev. maguta ayo, guta nemisha inogarwa nevamiririri vasiri titular madzinza.

Pano Ukrainians (anenge 90%) kurarama kazhinji. The yasara 10% - ichi ndicho Belarusians nemamwe marudzi. Muna 2001, guta guru 2607,4 zviuru vanhu. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nhamba iyi zvechokwadi yepamusoro zvikuru, sezvo kushanda pano uye kudzidza vazhinji vatorwa uye vanhu vachibva nemamwe maguta.

Nharaunda yacho Zhytomyr nharaunda iri nemakambani. Pano vanhu vemarudzi 85 kurarama! Vanopfuura 80% wavo - the Ukrainians. Mugove Russian tichienzanisa nedzimwe nzvimbo iri diki - 8 chete%. A pachena chinoratidza Zhitomir ndiye vakawanda Poles kurarama pano, kunyanya kumadokero chikamu nharaunda. Vanhu vane Belarusian midzi, vashoma kwazvo, pasinei nokuti pedyo pane muganhu pamwe Belarus.

Kirovohrad nharaunda vagere anopfuura 85% kubva kuUkraine. Uye kuchamhembe-mabvazuva nhamba iri pedyo 100%. Vagari vane Midzi Russian, mune 11 chete% of uwandu vagari. Kunze kwavari, nharaunda iri inogarwa vokuBulgaria, Moldavians uye Belarusians.

Left Bank

Tikaramba kuongorora dzinza Zvinoumba kumatunhu Ukraine uye vatamire nechokumabvazuva ehurumende. Muna Kharkiv nharaunda musha anenge masere madzinza. Ukrainians vanoumba zvinopfuura 60% of zvachose kwevanhu. Vakazovatevera Russian (30%). Vamwe vanhu vari Belarusians, Tatars, vokuArmenia nevamwe.

Muna Dnepropetrovsk nharaunda musha wokutanga guru kuUkraine munharaunda. Runodiwa pano 70%. Chechipiri pakukura dzinza - Russian (25%). Ivo dzichiitika kunyanya maindasitiri nzvimbo. Pakati pendudzi kumira vaJudha uye Belarusians.

Donetsk nharaunda ndiye mutungamiri tichitarisa vemo. Zviri musha kuvagari mamiriyoni 4.5. The chikuru Chikamu chine Ukrainian (50%), uye Russian Belarusians (42%), uyewo vaJudha, vanhu vokuGermany, etc. Maguta akawanda vakawanda vari mumaguta makuru -. Donetsk Mariupol, uye Kramators'k MAKEEVKA.

On muganhu Ukraine Luhansk National Murongerwo zvakawanda siyana pane ari pedyo munzvimbo. Vanhu vakawanda vari evasingatombonamati Ukrainian norudzi (50%). Vakazovatevera Russian (asingasviki 40%), Belarusians, Tatars, uye pamusoro mamwe madzinza zana. Lugansk nharaunda nokuda kwevanhu arambe achirema iri rakava cheshanu muna Ukraine.

wokumaodzanyemba nharaunda

In Zaporozhye nharaunda rikunde rudzi Ukrainian (60%). nharaunda iri nyika ndeyangu munzvimbo idzodzo shoma, uko vazhinji vanhu vane midzi Russian (30%). Zvimwewo vashoma zvinogona kupatsanurwa Belarusians uye vokuBulgaria. The yokupedzisira, sezvo mutemo, vanogara Primorye.

In iri Kherson nharaunda muna 1989, 82% kuti Ukrainians. Gare gare, nhamba iyi yakawedzera kuti 84,6%. Nzvimbo yechipiri maigara Russian vakawanda, asi 2001 Kuverengwa kwevanhu kwakaratidza kuti munharaunda ino ivo yakaderera nezvikamu 33,8%. Pakati pezvimwe vashoma vari dzinounzwa Crimean Tatars, Belarusians uye Poles.

In iri Mykolaiv nharaunda mugove Ukrainians vakapfuura 75%. Kuchamhembe-vokumadokero kumatunhu avo nhamba rinosvika 90%. Vagari Russian, pane vanenge 20%. Uyewo vakawanda vari Moldavians uye Belarusians vaigara kuchamhembe chikamu nharaunda.

Odessa nharaunda ine 55% of Ukrainian vemo uye 25% - Russian. Pakati pezvimwe vashoma National shoma inodiwa kusarudza vokuBulgaria, Gagauz uye dzokuMoldova. Uyewo, munharaunda Odessa vane Czechs, vaGiriki, kuAlbania uye Poles. Runodiwa anotora anenge zvose zvayo nechepakati uye kuchamhembe munzvimbo.

KuCrimea uye guta Sevastopol: ikasawira kuti 74,4% uye 20.6% wokuRussia Ukrainians mune madzinza Zvinoumba idzi, dzasara 5% - the Crimean Tatars, vokuArmenia, vanhu vokuGermany, vaJudha, Latvians, Poles, vokuKorea, Estonians uye vamwewo vanogara pano. vanhu vakavhengana nemarudzi, Tatars uye vechiGypsy.

Right Bank

Volyn dunhu - a Western Ukraine. The kwemadzinza anoumba chavagari nzvimbo iyi anenge dzakafanana nokuti ayo nenzvimbo chinzvimbo. The chikuru vemo vari Ukrainian (kupfuura 95%). Uyewo pano kurarama vokuRussia (4%), Poles (0.5%), uye vamwe. The chete mamiriro ezvinhu Lvov, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rovenskaya, Khmelnytsk, Vinnytsia, chernihiv, Poltava, Sumskoy, Ternopil uye Cherkasy kumatunhu.

Census Data muna 2001 kunoratidza kuti munharaunda Chernivtsi mudunhu yaigarwa vamiririri vemarudzi 80. Apo anongoda yose vakawanda rinoumbwa Ukrainians (75%). Ivo vakawanda kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva nokumativi okumavirira yacho. Zvinofanira akati kuti pakati runodiwa iri MAPOKA Sub-madzinza akadai Bessarabians, Hutsuls uye Rusyns. The mhenyu rokutanga kunyanya kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu, wechipiri - kumadokero munzvimbo, uye wechitatu - pakati penzizi Prut uye Nistru.

Chechipiri pakukura nharaunda dzavanobva Chernovitsky - Romania (10%). Izvi zvinoteverwa Moldavians (vanenge 9%), uye 7 chete% vemo vane midzi Russian.

DzokuTranscarpathia munharaunda muUkraine anopedza rupi vemarudzi akasiyana kurarama mairi. Izvi Somuenzaniso, Hungary (12,5%) uye Slovakia (0,6%). Indigenous vanhu - Zvechokwadi, ivo Ukrainians. Uye kubva zvachose kwevanhu izvo kune vanopfuura 80%. Kunze kwavari kurarama pano Russian (4%), Romanians, vechiGypsy, vanhu vokuGermany, Belarusians, kuItaly uye nevamwe vanhu.

The Vagari kumatunhu

Ukraine ine anoyevedza uwandu ethnographic nyika. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunoratidzwa munhu tsika, tsika uye dzinza. Vazhinji vavo vane zvimwe nyika ndezvaMwari vamwe (semuenzaniso, Pokut'a iri Galicia). mapazi aya ose ano dzinza Zvinoumba kumatunhu Ukraine kuti achiri inobata nechivako dzavo uye nesimba. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti huru yenyika vashoma munyika, pane sere:

- Russian (8 334.1 thous.);
- Belarusians (275.8 fung.);
- Moldavians (258.6 fung.);
- Crimean Tatar (248.2 fung.);
- Bulgaria (204.6 fung.);
- Hungary (156.6 fung.);
- Romania (151.0 fung.);
- Poles (144.1 thous.).

The pamusoro vashoma riripo zvikurukuru pamuganhu nzvimbo munyika, asi iri nechepakati nharaunda iri hunodzorwa Ukrainians.