Attica - nayo ... Geographical nzvimbo, dzinongoitika mamiriro, vagari

Attica - mumwe enhoroondo kumatunhu Greece, rine vapfumi kare, izvo kunosimbiswa zhinji zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo uye nhoroondo sezvivako. A nzvimbo yomugariro nharaunda anoita chimwe chezvinhu rikwezve pachinhu ushanyi uye nhandaro.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Attica Kunokwezva kwete chete nokuda nhoroondo yaro uye zviwanikwa zvinokwezva. Ndiyo nyika iyo vachiri kurarama ngano dzekare uye ngano. Nharaunda umo Attica iri kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva Greece, uye kumativi nhatu mvura bays yeGungwa reAegean: Saronic rwezasi, petals - kubva kumabvazuva, Notios-Evvoikos - kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Kuchamhembe rinenge bordered nomumwe Central Greece - Boeotia uye kumavirira - pamwe Peloponnese. The mamiriro vanosanganisira Attica uye Saronic Gulf zvitsuwa. Land rokuyamura iri kunyanya makomo, kunyanya kuchamhembe, zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoderedza zasi. Mountain Cithaeron uye Parnet, inova nyika pamwe Central Greece echisikigo, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri ayo vatiitire pamusoro munharaunda yose. Vane matombo wemakomo eJudhiya, chete rokumusoro chikamu Coated coniferous dondo. The kupfuura Spurs vari Parnet Pentelikon uye Gimett. Lower Spurs Kiferona kuenda kumaodzanyemba, akadana keratitis, uye kumaodzanyemba-okumabvazuva bazi merges pamwe Parnassus kureba kupfuura 1400 metres nokuumba ine makomo, kuripa kugungwa. On kumaodzanyemba pamucheto nharaunda inopfuura pegomo Laurel, iyo inoguma iri Kumaodzanyemba pfungwa Peninsula - Cape Sounion.

Mapani uye nzizi

Between neeSultan gomo riri mipata ine matombo. Mumapani pakukura matatu Attica:

• VomuAtene bani rakatenderedzwa kurutivi rwokumusoro gomo Parnet, kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva - Pentelikon cheni, uye kubva kumaodzanyemba - makomo Gimett;
• Triassic mumupata, flat anotambanudza kuchamhembe Kiferona uye Parnet, uye kubva kumabvazuva mezvikomo pakati Parnet aparadzana naye kubva Athens romupata;
• Gimettom mupata pakati pemakomo uye kumabvazuva-chain - the rinopfungaira;
• nemhenderekedzo nokuda alluvial nyika akaumba munhu yakafara bani bhendi, iyo chinonyanya - Marathon pachena, mumwe riri pedo muromo Asopus.

Attica - ichi ndechimwe driest kumatunhu munyika. Hapana nzizi huru, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa yokudiridzira. Kukosha aya:

• chikuru rwizi muna Attica - Kefiss ruchiyerera napakati vaAtene mumupata, anotanga mujinga ari Pentelikon, uye inoyerera kuchamhembe westerly nhungamiro, asi ruzhinji bhuku mvura anoenda tidiridze dzisinganayi pamapani;
• dzimwe Ilissus rwizi runoyerera kubva mezvikomo Gimetta, asi nokukurumidza akarasika murenje.
• Imwe Enoe hill runoyerera kuburikidza mubani Marathon.

Mukati kwemhenderekedzo Attica uye wakajeka bays zhinji akakodzera wekushandisa, izvo zvakaita kukura wekushandisa. Pari, izvi unodziya bays nekuda inodziya okunze, muri kufarira zororo wemapoka surfers siyana, uye nemhenderekedzo rizere rakanaka jecha mahombekombe.

okunze

The nyoro subtropical okunze Attica kunoratidzwa refu yakaoma yechirimo uye pfupi, nyoro dzechando. Avhareji tembiricha zhizha 26-28 madhigirii, asi muna July uye August, tembiricha inogona kusvika 38 inegumi. Nokuda yakaderera mwando kupisa iri Kutamiswa zvikuru nyore. The swimming mwaka kunotora April kusvika October. Munguva yechando mhepo tembiricha anoda kubva mashanu mitaro inegumi, asi zvishoma mvura. Izvi ekunze nyoro inogona kutsanangurwa nezvaizoitwa mhepo richibva mugungwa reMediterranean - munguva yechando ichivhuvhuta westerly mhepo, uye muzhizha - inotonhorera mhepo yaibva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Hapana kupisa uye kwechando kuEurope.

Ivhu uye zvakasikwa upfumi

Natural ezvinhu ose Attica haana kubvumirwa kukura zviyo pano. Nokuda matombo ivhu uye kushayikwa kwemvura pamipata zvakanga zviri zvishoma kushandiswa nokuda zvokurima, asiwo Vanyori vekare akanyora nezvokuti dzinenge panyika ino hazvirevi kukura chingwa iye achafura vanhu kupfuura kana inokura pano. Izvi zvichaitika nokuda kwokuwanda ibwe kwazvo nokuda kuvaka temberi uye nzvimbo, uyewo kuvapo sirivha, zvinowanikwa pano nokuda vamwari. Uye nokuti zvikepe Attica - nyika ine yakavimbika Marina, apo vanogona kutora yokuvanda okunze.

machena Attica

Attica makomo ine reraimu uye shale, uyewo zvikuru machena, kugadzirwa yakatanga pakutanga kwezana 3-2 chemakore BC. Temberi Greek, izvo pakutanga dzaivakwa reraimu, akatanga vomutsa machena rakanga mined pana Pentelikon. Pazviri akavaka Parthenon. Pentelic machena inomira nokuda kwayo chena ruvara wakachena uye fineness. Chinhu chinoshamisa chipenye zuva, asi kutendeuka yeyero pamusoro nguva. In pakuvaka Acropolis uye muPiraeus rakashandiswa machena rima zvenzwi. In Attica Eleusinian machena achera kunyange anenge dema, nemicheka-grained machena gimettsky. Izvi zvinhu zvikuru kwazvo inoremekedzwa uye aivigirwa wokuGreece kuRoma yekare, apo yaishandiswa mapurani uye chivezwa. The yakatsvukuruka Lavrionskih inopisa mabwe vaiva vapfumi nemigodhi sirivha uye cheni gomo Gimettskaya chakanga rine uchi.

Zviumbwa uye kurima

Kunyanya inoremekedzwa yakatsvukuruka ivhu Attica, zvakanga zviri hwakanaka uye nyore kushandisa, saka kuumba zvakanga yakatanga. Nevhu amphorae - makuru makate yakatetepa mutsipa uye Pazvibato, izvo zvinochengeterwa uye zvifambiswe waini, namafuta. Ivhu rakashandiswa anogadzira zvinhu usina kukonekita, zvikwepa, ngoma uye mhuri dzakawanda nezvimwewo.

Nemhaka munyoro dzechando, yakaoma yechirimo uye zvakawanda mushana pamapani nguva dzose zvakanaka kukura Attica kuti emiorivhi nemionde pamusoro neyemitenusirwa kurimwa yemizambiringa, saka waini, maorivhi, mafuta omuorivhi, maonde vagara zvinodyiwa zvokurima uye vakanga aivigirwa. Attic shinda kare, mukurumbira chaizvo, nomukurumbira nokuti ikozvino. Mumakomo, hwai, mbudzi, uye nemombe.

Mabviro vagere Attica

Vagari Attica vakawanda vaiva reIonia rudzi - rimwe pamarudzi mana makuru Greek, ainzi mushure kunozivikanwa gamba. Ionians pamwe Dorians ndivo Vatakuri huru echiGiriki National tsika. The yose vagari Attica yakakamurwa dzikava makirasi mana neugari, uyo anonzi filami:

• geleonty - anokudzwa, ivo vainzi "penya";
• hoplites vaiva varwi;
• ergadei - varimi;
• egikorei - raiva chete vafudzi kana goatherds.

Pamagariro evanhu, kuti phylum yaisanganisira vemhuri huru, mumwe nomumwe yaiva rakakamurwa wandei dhazeni dzemadzinza mhuri. Mhuri imwe tsika vakabatana phratry, kureva zvitendero netsika dzavo uye mitambo yembereko. Sangano yakadaro hakurevi kubata yakakunda madzinza uye vazukuru vavo, kunyange naivowo vakanga vakasununguka kuita rwokugadzira, zvokutengeserana kana zvokurima, uye aiva kusonganirana kwavo pachavo, akavadana metics.

Atene: nzvimbo

Nepariri ari Attica rakakamurwa huru zvikamu zviviri - guta guru nharaunda uye nyika yose - Athens namafuro aro uye navamwe ndima. The guru inonzi pashure mwarikadzi uchenjeri Athena, uyo, maererano nengano, akapa vagari womuorivhi. Maererano neimwe shanduro, zita reguta anowana kubva pashoko "Athos" - ruva. Athens iri nechepakati mubani Attica uye rakapoteredzwa nemakomo ari kumavirira, kumusoro uye kumabvazuva, uye zasi-rwamavirazuva ane kuwana Saronic Gulf. Iye zvino, guta akatotora nebani rose, asi aro kuramba richikura.

Antique utongi hwegutsaruzhinji

Athens harisi chete muzinda munyika, kunyange munguva dzekare, guta akaita basa rinokosha mune tsika uye zvoupfumi mazwi. Zviri pano pamusana refu uye inovava hondo pakati dzokumaruwa vakakwirira uye Demos akaberekwa ari muchimiro hurumende, sezvo gutsaruzhinji yekare, razova muenzaniso muhurumende. Ichi yakasiyana chimiro enyika rakaumbwa muAtene muna 5th remakore BC. e. Kunyange zvazvo panguva dzinouya Atene akapfuura nzira kunoparadza hondo yakaoma, takasangana simba vakundi zhinji, munhau dzavo waiva nguva yakanaka citizenship uye rusununguko - hweruzhinji.

Golden Age vomuAtene

Ancient Atene yakatanga somunhu dzakavakirirwa kugarwa pamusoro pechikomo, uye ipapo vakadzokera kuguta-mamiriro somugumisiro sinoykizma, izvo zvaireva mubatanidzwa amarudzi munharaunda pamusoro Attica kunhivi Athens Acropolis. Izvi akatora emakore anoverengeka nguva. Maererano nengano yekare, ushamwari kwaiva kuchikonzerwa kunozivikanwa mwanakomana wamambo Aegeus - Theseus, uyo akatanga weboka chavagari veAteni nevanhu vavanorarama strata:

• Eupatridae - kwamachinda;
• geomori - varimi;
• Vigil - mhizha.

Pamusoro-soro vomuAtene mamiriro yakasvika panguva yaitonga Pericles - muzana 5th remakore BC. e. nguva ino yainzi Golden Age veAteni. Iyi yakanga yakavakwa uye temberi chikuru Athena - Parthenon, yakasiyana shongwe ine mapurani yekare. Temberi yakavakwa uye rekare rechiGiriki vanatenzi Callicrates Iktinos uye zvivezwa yakaisvonaka vakaitwa inozivikanwa akitekiti Phidias. Temple kujairika kuti imwe pfungwa France zviri kuonekwa kubva kumativi matatu, nokuti kuti zvikamu zviri kurongwa panguva necheparutivi kune mumwe. Phidias akasika yakakurumbira chidhori Athena uye yemabhura negoridhe. chivezwa uyu Nyanzvi kuti mapurani yekare.

modernity

The simba rezvematongerwo enyika veAteni zvakaguma Pachatanga kunoparadza hondo pamwe Sparta, uye gare gare Macedonia. Next Atene akawira pasi pokutonga vaRoma, pashure yakauya vokuTurkey. Kwemazana emakore akawanda yadzima kubwinya kweguta. zhinji nhoroondo mapurani Zvivako zvakaparadzwa. Chete pashure kurwisa refu kuti rusununguko mune rechi19 Century Atene kamwe zvakare yakava guta guru Greece. Zvino ndiko rakanga rakakura rine vanhu vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni mashanu, kamwe zvakare akakunda mamiriro nemagariro uye enyika nechepakati nyika uye ane nhoroondo sezvivako zhinji.

muPiraeus

On kumaodzanyemba kumucheto Athens ndiye muPiraeus - guru chengarava muGreece, uyewo chikuru maindasitiri nechepakati nyika uye chinokosha yokufambisa nomusimboti. Muzana 5th remakore BC. E wepagore turnover pamusoro chengarava akasvika zvinokosha zvizhinji. The yakakunakira nzvimbo yomugariro Athens, Kuwanikwa vakachengeteka chiteshi chezvikepe muPiraeus rava dzaifanoiswa pfungwa kuburikidza izvo siyana nhumbi. Chengarava paiva shipyards, okudhindira, dzokuchengetera. Atene rayo chiteshi kwainzi kwazvo kunobatsira guta, kana nhumbi pano vatengesi aizowana vomuAtene sirivha, iyo yakanga aikoshesa kwose kwose.

zvinokwezva Attica

Pari, Attica - yakakurumbira vashanyire nzvimbo ine zvinokwezva zvakawanda zvenhau uye mapurani uye yakanaka dzinongoitika zvakatipoteredza uye kwazvo mahombekombe. The vanonyanya kutaurwa pamusoro Attica dziri muAtene. Kosha zvenhoroondo Monument chinhu mapurani kunzwisisa pakati Acropolis, ndiyo temberi huru veAteni yekare - the Parthenon, nzvimbo outorwa vanhu vazhinji. Kubva nzvimbo risingakanganwiki pedyo veAteni kwakakurumbira chaizvo wemamongi Daphni. On refu pamawere Cape Sounion Temberi Poseidon yakavakwa, iro nhasi kuramba mi- ungwandangwanda. Vabati vehove enda kugungwa, kuunza mipiro pano - mwari Poseidon kuti vaGiriki wechipiri kukosha, sezvo upenyu hwavo hwakanga zvakabatana chaizvo kugungwa. Demeter Temple, vaGiriki akapa tsanga - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha tsvene Attica yekare iri muna Eleusis. In wake rukudzo ose gore muchirimo uye kwematsutso kupedzera yezororo. Pachitsuwa Aegina ari mweya mutaundi Palayohora, vakasiya zana apfuura.

Nature of Attica sezvo zvinoshamisa uye akanaka. Mugomo Imittos chinhu chinoshamisa simba kuporesa akapa, maererano nengano, mwari Hephaestus vanhu. Unique hunorapa mugumisiro chafariz gungwa Vouliagmeni, iro kukasawedzerwa kubudikidza manyuko mukati kwayo kudzika uye kujairika hove-chiremba anokwanisa kusimbisazve ganda, achiichenesa masero akafa. Zvisingaperi kwemhenderekedzo ari dzaiva dzakapararira siyana zvinoshamisa mahombekombe, kutandara uye mvura zvemitambo.

A zvinoshamisa nzvimbo hwomutambarakede zhizha zororo iri Attica - mapikicha anoratidza kunofadza girl zvakasikwa, vafambi kuzoratidza upenzi ongororo testamendi kuti kukurumbira mudunhu iri Greece.