Structural zviri columnar masero ari tishu. Rusvingo (columnar) shizha rinenge zvinomera ndiro

Kusiyanisa masero uye nyama inoita basa rinokosha mumuviri kukura. Weboka mabasa kuti sero rimwe inogona kuenzaniswa weboka vabatire fekitari, kana mumwe chikwata chete anoita ayo yokusafa basa, zvinonyatsorehwa mugumisiro anogona kuwanika mapfupi munguva. Izvi zvinoshandawo dzavamwe vapenyu muviri, ane unhu upenyu kunoenderana kunzwisisa kukura uye Kushanduka inogarwa niches.

Ndechipi sero zvipenyu mupenyu muviri

Keji - a STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka chairema zvose zvipenyu zvose. Kunze zvichida kuti nemavhairasi - non-cellular upenyu fomu. Jira - kuva masero uye intercellular fuma, muchiva chivako, mashandiro uye mavambo. Biology Sero basa kwakavakirwa nechivako wayo, izvo zvinosiyana ukuru sangano hwemhuka kana chirimwa.

The Kusiyanisa Masero mhuka uye zvinomera kuenda shure ontogenesis. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rinobva aizotangira rinenge kana mhuka iri mumasero hunde, zvinomera - meristem.

Chii foni? Biology uye Sero mamiriro dzinovabvumira kuti Classified muzvikwata zviviri.

1. masero Eukaryotic. Izvi zvinosanganisira STRUCTURAL vamapoka mhuka uye chirimwa zvinenge.

2. The prokaryotic masero. Ivo dzinoratidzwa kubudikidza kusavapo neerekitironi nedzimwe organelles. For prokaryotic zvinenge zvinosanganisira utachiona.

Structure masero mhuka

Kudzidza muchitokisi zvivako kuitawo zvipenyu. Sechivako imwe sero mhuka sezvayakawanikwa kubudikidza Hooke muzana remakore rechi19, asi rakanga zvizere kuongororwa pedyo rechi20 chemakore.

mhuka Sero rimwe cytoplasm vakakomba plasmalemma. Mune cytoplasm kuti "kuyangarara" ari organelles siyana uye inclusions. By organelles vari lysosomes, mitochondria, Golgi midziyo, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisomes. Inclusion - ndivo zvinhu kuti ichiputswa muna cytosol uye vakamirira kusvikira vava kudiwa nekuda pakuvaka zvivako muchitokisi.

Kusiyana chirimwa, mune imwe kamuri mhuka haisi foni rusvingo, kuti vacuole uye chloroplast. No okuwedzera bemhapemha yakaoma kunokanganisa Somuenzaniso, pamusoro chaizvo ari plasmalemma deformation panguva fission.

The nemamiriro chirimwa sero

Internal chirimwa Sero kugutsikana kuvapfumi zvikuru kupfuura mhuka. Chekutanga, unogona kuwana dvumembrannye maumbirwo - chloroplasts. Uye mashandiro iri nechokwadi kuti nedanho photosynthesis, izvo zvakakosha mupudzi tichitarisa kweimwe simba rine pamwe kufema, uye shuga.

Chirimwa Sero mberi externally nokufukidzwa sero rusvingo. Inoitwa cellulose fibers, uye pfungwa kuonana masero maviri pedyo vachiripo pectin. Pane kudaro simba kunzwisisa panze haabvumiri kuonana sezvinoita masero mhuka. Huru basa reDare chokufambisa marongerwo nemasero. Grade 6, umo zvipenyu kwave kudzidza hakusi saka rakadzika, hazvina kupa ruzivo pamusoro desmosomes - chaiwo pores muchitokisi parusvingo, izvo kushumira kutama zvinhu kubva muchitokisi chimwe. With zvivako izvi kufonera vacuole Via chiduku dhayamita zambuko.

Vacuole - iri imwe musiyano kubva pamhuka muchitokisi chirimwa. Its basa iri vaunganidze kuti mishonga vanoshingaira alkaloids, acids, karusiyamu kubatsira kudzikamisa osmotic kumanikidzwa. Uyezve, alkaloids uye asidhi aigona kukanganisa zviri cytoplasm, saka vanofanira munzvimbo iri kwayo yoga organelle chaiwo Kamudzira, zvisingagone kupinda kuburikidza mamorekuru rakakura kudai. Vacuole Kamudzira akadana tonoplast.

Vose STRUCTURAL zvaiva columnar masero ose zvinyama ndiyo akafanana kuti urongwa Zvinoumba chirimwa masero.

masero prokaryotic

Utachiona (sevamiririri prokaryotes) vari evolutionarily zvishoma dzakabudirira zvinenge. The kwemabhakitiriya Sero cytosol iri takapoteredzwa Kamudzira, sero rusvingo uye mucous Kamudzira. Inside pane organelles kuti zvinowanika eukaryotes. The tsanga riri kushaikwa, uye zvose masero zvinhu zviri anoratidzwa mune ruzhinji utachiona ndomumwe chete chromosome.

Sero muviri anotsigirwa chaiwo hurongwa - mesosoma. Dzinomirira outgrowth ari cytoplasmic Kamudzira kupinda muchitokisi, uye basa ravo kuti afemeruke kana photosynthesis, panyaya photosynthetic mabhakitiriya.

Pasina tsanga kunobatsira kuwedzera mwero transcription uye shanduro. zvazvingava binary foni weboka riri rakawedzera: muhutongi mabhakitiriya anogona kaviri nhamba dzavo maminitsi 20 ose.

sero basa

Keji somunhu STRUCTURAL uye dzichipfekeka chairema zvose zvipenyu zvose anogona mabasa akasiyana-siyana zvine chokuita kwerunyararo rinokosha basa. Huru basa iri kuridzwa ne nemamiriro muchitokisi. Grade 6, umo zvipenyu kwave kudzidza vachiri sandara, dictating huru zviri kurongwa sero chikwata.

Kutsunga chirimwa masero - a multistage neurongwa meristem aumba kubva siyana dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri: coverslips, excretory, ichipa zvokuimba. Masero kubva neimwe nyama izvi zvakasiyana mumwe marongerwo uye mabasa yavanobata. Somuenzaniso, basa kufukidza sero - kwete kurega dzimwe vamiririri mukati mumuviri kana kuitisa zvinhu zvinodiwa kuti chokufambisa kuti makemikari uye chicherwa mumuti wacho.

Kudyidzana masero zvinoitwa zviteshi anokosha ayo vanonzi plasmodesmata. The murau mashandiro kunoitika panguva nokukanganisika pamwero kuburikidza siyana makemikari uye metabolites.

List - the vegetative nhengo zvinomera

Mashandiro vegetative nhengo iri kuramba kukwanisa kurarama muti pagungano Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chechetere. Shizha rawo ndoweboka ichi, saka ake chikuru basa - zviri photosynthetic.

Column jira - ndicho chikuru photosynthetic shizha tishu. Inoitwa parenchymal masero, inova yakawanda chloroplasts. Zvinyama columnar masero pedyo rokumusoro pose jira kuti vawanze zuva simba uye, naizvozvovo, kuwedzera nokukurumidza uye kunyatsoshanda kuti photosynthesis.

Uyewo jira anopinda chirambe chakapfava zvinyama, iro anewo chloroplasts, asi nhamba yavo shoma kupfuura polisadnoy parenchyma. Chokwadi chokuti huru mashandiro masero chirambe chakapfava zvinyama - gasi Exchange nokuda huru intercellular dzezvimwe.

The STRUCTURAL zviri columnar masero shizha tishu

Rusvingo parenchyma iri repamusoro akaturikidzana ari jira kuunganidza mukuru yakawanda zuva simba. Zvakafanira kuti vakarongeka chekubuda nechiedza zvokukura photosynthesis, izvo chete akapa jekeso.

Columnar Sero - Sero chinhu elongated cylindrical chimiro, ane chikuru nerevane - kubva photosynthesis kwacho. Nokuti ichi pane dzinosvika inoverengeka chloroplasts, izvo iri sero arikunze mumasero columnar tishu. Urongwa hwakadaro muchadenga cytosol nokuda kuwedzera chezuva Absorção de Água pemvura.

In C4 zvirimwa dzinopisa uye ine masango shizha Dendere chinguva zvakasiyana. Ivo columnar zvinyama iri mu okumusoro uye lowermost akaturikidzana muviri. Izvi nokuda peculiarities ari murima padariro photosynthesis zvinomera izvi.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako columnar zvinyama masero zvinoshandiswa kuwedzera chirimwa photosynthesis kunyatsoshanda.

Chii photosynthesis?

Photosynthesis - a multi-nokukanganisika mutoo unobereka simba ari muchimiro ATP uye shuga - carbohydrate iyo anochengeterwa nokuda chirimwa.

Photosynthesis rakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: Chiedza uye kwasviba. Panguva yokutanga, iyo photolysis mvura, okisijeni kusunungurwa mumiririri uye-kwetunhu ATP, NADPH. Rima photosynthesis Danho iri kupindana sequential siyana, zvichizoita synthesized shuga kana shuga analogs.

Nei miti vanoda photosynthesis kuitei?

Kuti tirambe hwandaiva upenyu chirimwa muzvitoro yakawanda starch. Starch - a polysaccharide, inova shuga monomer. Hazvishamisi, kuti muviri zvirimwa zvose zvinobvira makirasi makemikari nyaya kupfuura kubva muzana kutora makabhohaidhiretsi.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako columnar zvinyama masero anogona zvinobudirira kupinza chiedza simba, iyo kunokosha nokukanganisika zvinoitwa photosynthesis. Munguva rima matanho synthesized shuga uye dzimwe hexoses, izvo zvinochengeterwa muchimiro guru starch polymeric mamorekuru mu parenchymal mumasero. Kunyange mukati chloroplasts dzimwe nguva zvichiita kuchengeta starch tsanga.