Hondo Austerlitz muna 1805: akadzama. Ndiani akaraira mauto eRussia mune hondo Austerlitz?

A duku Bavarian musha Austerlitz kwaifanira kupinda nhoroondo yenyika, sezvo pedyo naye December 2, 1805 pakava kurwa, zviri zvakarurama vaiona soma kurwa kukuru munguva Napoleonic hondo. It hondo 73000th French akakunda vane nhamba yawo Anti-Napoleonic mubatanidzwa. Hondo Austerlitz kunoonekwa sechinhu yakunda nedzenyu neechiuto shasha pamusoro Napoleon.

The nharo pamusoro Three Madzimambo

Dzimwe nguva rinonzi "Hondo Three Madzimambo pa Austerlitz." Uye ndicho chokwadi, nokuti kunze Napoleon munda yehondo pazuva iroro yenhamo zuva rakanga wakapindwa nevamwe Nyamavhuvhu Vanhu vaviri - the Russian Emperor Alexander I uye yeAustria Franz II. Kuti tinzwisise zvikonzero nemasimba avo mukusanzwisisa kuteurwa kweropa, inofanira kudzokera makore maviri apfuura apo France akagumisa England ainzi Rugare Amiens.

Urongwa kukunda England

Akasaina papepa, chaizvoizvo chete akapa chinzvimbo French mambo nguva yokugadzirira nechisimba kuBritish Isles, uye haizopereri kubatwa kweLondon. The British akanzwisisa izvi zvakanyatsonaka uye zvakarurama kuona ruponeso rwavo chete mukuita kondinendi rakatevera, wechitatu panhurikidzwa international muhurumende pamusoro Napoleon. It akasikwa uye aripo kusvikira zuva kusvikira akaputsa dzinouraya kuti hondo Austerlitz.

Gore rino pakataurwa zvakawanda kupfuura chinzvimbo urongwa mambo French, uye akanga zvikuru zvakakomba nechido chinangwa rokutora London. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, muBoulogne, pedyo Paris, taiva zvizere kurwisana unoda mauto, ane basa rakanga, kuyambuka Chirungu Channel, itamire Chirungu guru. Chakatadzisa Implementation munhu vakaronga French Admiral Pierre-Sharl Vilnov, kuti mhosva iyo Napoleon haana kumirira dzechikwata, akaronga kuti chokufambisa revarwi mhiri panjodzi.

mubatanidzwa chivakwa

Nokukurumidza, wemasangano akasikwa kubva inoti vanofarira kurwisa vanotyaira zvirongwa Napoleon. Chikamu vari Russia, Austria uye England akazvifukidza. Zvisinei, mabasa avo, kuti akariisa zvinyoronyoro, ndizvo gogonera. England zvakananga kubatanidzwa vaimbopota havana kugamuchira, uye vaifunga imwe mari rechiuto zvekushandisa. Austria ari hondo, asi ari yairwirwa hondo muhondo akatungamirira 25 zviuru nemauto, apo Russian paiva 60 zviuru. Saka, hondo Austerlitz zvose ake uremu akawira pamapfudzi varwi Russian, zvisinei, iyo, nhoroondo inodzokororwa.

The kwokutanga mubatanidzwa urongwa

Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna European nzira. Vakava noushamwari urongwa chinzvimbo chaizvo kudzora Napoleon uye hondo Austerlitz waiva mugumisiro kuti iye akaramba chete papepa. Maererano kukura kwavo, kuti zvechiuto chiito kunge zvaisanganisira manpower zvikuru kupfuura yaiva chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, kuchamhembe chikamu Europe kuzorwa Napoleon kuti shamwari - Denmark - aifanira kuisa anenge 100,000th Russian-Chirungu corpus.

Chimwe yakabatana France - Bavaria - vaifanira kurwisa hondo 85 kuzviuru yeAustria Corps pasi murayiro yakakurumbira panguva General K. Mack. Vangamubatsira kubva Russia akaisa mberi uto M. I. Kutuzova. Pamusoro yeAustria Archduke akarayira, achigogodza kunze French kubva kuchamhembe kweItaly, kutanga imwe kufamba akunda pamusoro ndima French. Kana taikwanisa kuona kupfuura hafu aronga, zvakaipa-fated 1805 hondo Austerlitz kuti kungoti haana kutora nzvimbo. Asi mugumo aizofanira payo dzokurasa warwo nzira.

The Vavariro yeRussian Emperor

Munzira dzakawanda nayo vakashumira mhaka pokukundwa kunyanya kwokuzvikudza iyoyo vaduku uye vanoda ambulances nemauto Lavrov Aleksandra I. Mukuru wemauto MI Kutuzov kwaipesana kurwa. Hondo Austerlitz, yake maonero, haana chete rwaikurumidza kuuya, asi nengozi mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. Iye akataura ari digression nemaune, umo achakwanisa kutambanudza yakawanda sezvingabvira mauto muvengi uye kushandisa pakasvika vavabatsire, kuti nokuvadzidzisa kunoparadza matambudziko pachiuno.

The chirongwa, anonzwisisa, asi kwete vaizotibata kutsanya uye Pazvinhu kukunda, akarambwa mambo. Historians uyo akafukidza zviitiko izvi Papera, vari aibvumirana pfungwa kuti, pasinei nokuti vari hondo Austerlitz mauto Russian akarayira Kutuzov chaizvoizvo nezvisarudzo vakatorwa naAlexander. At kwehondo mangwanani uye akakurudzira nevatsigiri - the Austrians, sezvo Vienna panguva iyoyo akatapwa French, uye vakaita zvose zvavanogona kuti ayo mangwanani kusunungurwa.

Tactical zvarongwa Napoleon

Apo chingashamwaridzana mauto kurwa magadzirira, kugadzirira uye saka inoparadza pamusoro Austerlitz muna 1805, pashure Napoleon kwaiva chete zvakanaka tactical zvisarudzo yemamiriro ezvinhu panguva. Zvakakwana dzinoongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, akatanga kudzivirira yomuvengi shure, uye nokudaro tightening rehondo. The French Emperor aiziva kuti vatsigiri vanomirira kusvika pa- vavabatsire kubva Prussia, vakagadzirira kubatana Anti-Napoleonic mubatanidzwa.

Detailed Kudzidza nezviito Napoleon raMwari nechinangwa vavariro iyi, tinogona chete ashamiswe chete sei nemanomano akanga akagara mambure ake. Arwadziwa pfungwa nezviito akakwanisa vabvume omubatanidzwa vatungamiri muutera hwavo, kuzengurira, uye chinangwa ngavabude. Uyezve, iye kunyange chagumbura kuti kutora hondo kumusoro chaiyo nzvimbo avo aibatsira kwaari.

Peaceful taundi Slovaks

Nyika paiva hondo Austerlitz muna 1805, nhasi muridzi ne Czech Republic, uye apo paiva kamwe Bavarian musha, akapa zita raro rimwe mukuru hondo munhau, zvino anogara murunyararo upenyu taundi duku Slovakia. Tourist, kamwe ikoko, zvakaoma kufungidzira kuti makore 210 akapfuura, musi mutema minda izvi uye zvikomo vakaungana Mauto matatu akasimba muna Europe.

Pasina kupinda nezvokuzadziswa Hondo Austerlitz muna 1805, ichifarirwa chete vechiuto, tinoona chete huru zvokukura hondo. Ndivo nyore kupora vakawanda vakaona uye vechikamu zviitiko izvi. The zvakawanda kuti hondo kwemakore akawanda kwave nyaya dzakawanda nyaya uye tsvakurudzo.

Hondo Austerlitz: zvishoma pamusoro wayo pfungwa huru

Saka, December 2, 1805. Zvakatanga hondo Austerlitz akarova kunoitwa pakati vatsigiri kurudyi parutivi romuvengi, apo mauto akarayira Marshal Davoust yakakurumbira. Zvichitevera hurongwa, yakatanga pachake rakanyorwa Napoleon, pashure pfupi nemishonga, akatanga mumusiye, achiita chikamu dzairwisa kusvikira kutambudzwa uye muchivabvuta mumba nomumachakwi pamapani. Somugumisiro, French akakwanisa chaizvo kuderedza Nhongonya mauto omubatanidzwa.

Sezvandambotaura, mu Hondo Austerlitz mauto Russian akarayira Kutuzov, asi kupindira Alexander I, zvakanga zvachose kuine danho. An noruzivo mutungamiri aiziva kuti muvengi Arikugadzirira vamuteye, asi mukuteerera mambo, aitofanira kupa kuti counterattack ari kuenda yokukunda. Somugumisiro nezviito izvi nechepakati nzvimbo chingashamwaridzana mauto akanga nyore namarudzi muvengi.

Pakaitika rworuboshwe parutivi of omubatanidzwa

Napoleon haana kuzeza kurwisa chikamu simba pamusoro wavanozvisunga masimba imwe yake yakakurumbira wavarwi - Marshal Soult. Chii chaitika ndechokuti munhau enyika hondo iri kazhinji pashure pokukundwa nemauto. Omubatanidzwa Mauto vakabayiwa nehafu, uye mumwe nomumwe wemigove pamusana semheni-kutsanya anofambisa muvengi akanga akakomberedza uye kubviswa zvichibvira vavabatsire.

Asi zviitiko zvinoshamisa kupfuura zvinopindura panguva pasi kuruboshwe bapiro vatsigiri. Mberi tsamwisa pamusoro mauto pasi murayiro Marshal Davoust, vakaitirana bhegi chaiye uye akafa pasi rinorema moto French. Kubva kuparadzwa zvachose vakapindira panguva kuponesa Bhiza Guards, pasi murayiro General ARMENIA Depreradovicha. Vakatora moto muvengi, uye mutengo vazhinji vakaurayiwa vakapiwa mukana kubuda mumoto vakakomba zvikamu.

Shure, akaponesa hondo

Nzvenga ngozi kutya Muzviitiko zvakadaro kunonyanya kukonzerwa kuti akadzikama uye vakakwanisa dzokubvisa chimwe chezvinhu ruzivo vemauto Russian D. S. Dohturova. Aikwanisa kuona kubva kwezvakatipoteredza nechekare asi rive dete panhengo varwi uye kuronga shure, kuti achengetedze wehondo muhondo akagadzirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko omubatanidzwa kurasikirwa vakanga kwazvo. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika vanofungidzira kuti pazuva iri kusango kundorwa akasiyiwa nhema vanhu 27.000, pamwe 21,000 vakanga Russian.

Zvisinei, kudzidza mashoko Hondo Austerlitz muna 1805, vanyori venhau vanobvuma kuti kunyange mukuru Nokurasikirwa zvaizodziviswa nokutungamirira zvakanaka vakasarudzwa kuenda. Kuruboshwe Bapiro chingashamwaridzana mauto aiva yose richikurukura mumadziva, rinonzi Sychanske. Havana yakadzika, uye kuburikidza vakatumira kuenda mauto, General Dokhturov. Apo dzairwisa vapedza kuyambuka, zvikazooneka kuva kure rechiFrench nouta, uyo akasarudza haana kutevera muvengi nomumvura chipingamupinyi.

End of Third Coalition

French Hondo Austerlitz arasikirwe 12,000 upenyu, asi kubudirira uto muhondo iyi yaiva kudivi ravo, uye vakauya mauri vakakunda. The Kupwanya kukundwa mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany munzira dzakawanda zvakachinja pakuenzanisa mauto enyika muEurope. Kubva zvino, Napoleon Bonapart zvokutaurira zvaanoda vatongi masimba makuru. Havakwanisi wokugadzirisa pokukundwa Austria kubva yehondo kusaina kuti zvikuru vanoshorwa runyararo chibvumirano. Wechitatu Anti-Napoleonic mubatanidzwa ingloriously Zvaparara.

nhau kukundwa paakasvika Russia, izvozvo kwakakatyamadza yose mberi vomunharaunda. Kwemakore 100 kuti kubvira zvinosuwisa kuti Narva, apo Petro ndinoziva shungu kukundwa, uto Russian kwainzi asingakundiki. Mbiri Victorian Nguva Empress Elizabeth uye Catherine II mvumo vokuRussia kutenda invincibility wehondo yake. Zvisinei, sezvo vakararama cherechedza njodzi nhau haana zunzai nyika mweya kana hondo, kana vanhu.

Nokupfupikisa uto ichi nhimbe, vanyori venhau vakaedza kupindura mubvunzo: chii pakupedzisira akahwina uye vakarasika muna 1805, Napoleon? Hondo Austerlitz, zvirokwazvo vakaziva yakunda nemauto ake shasha, zvisinei haana kumubvumira kuti awane chinangwa chikuru - zvachose mauto kuva utsinye mubatanidzwa. Nokuti mumwe nguva Napoleon akava mutongi Europe, asi zvisinei zuva inounzwa naye pedyo Waterloo, apo muna 1815 akatongerwa zvachose kumonera nenyeredzi penya Corsican.