Zvakavanzwa Ancient Egypt: Chii kugadzira michina nenhokwe?

Ancient zvinhu kugadzira michina kuti unotsiva vapristi veIjipiti uye machinda bepa, kwemazana emakore akaramba zvachose. Chikonzero kuti haisi chete ezvinhu chindingindingi pamusoro pagadzirwe Papyrus uye aishingaira obereganie mazano ari kutengeswa, asi mamiriro Kuchinja Nile Delta uye zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Somugumisiro, wokupedzisira yenhokwe kuIjipiti ndiye anenge nokutsakatika. Chete yechipiri yezana remakore rechi20 Zvokutopenga Hassan Ragab vakapinda kumutsidzirwa pakudzidza zvinomera uye yaibvira chikumbiro chacho. Zvaiva kuburikidza researches ake ano murume anozivikanwa kugadzira muitiro nenhokwe.

The chaiko VaIjipiti vekare yenhokwe

Tropical mvura-rudo chirimwa, kuva petsanga ndokurondedzera Cyperus, zviuru akawanda apfuura vakaumba zvinoshamisa mudenhere rayo pamusoro marshy pamahombekombe aNairi zvayo dzakaderera rinosvika. Papyrus munhu murefu kumeso retsono, zvikamu ne "amburera" pakati yakamanikana lanceolate mashizha. Inflorescence chakafanana kukuchidzira nenhokwe, zvinosanganisira zvinoverengeka Spikelets. Mativi enhokwe padzinde zvakaoma, kuchinja uye hunogara.

Raishandiswa senzira mashoko fenicha, magwa, matanda. A mumuhara akagadzira tambo, tswanda shangu. Dried nemidzi miti inoshandiswa sezvo mafuta. Soft chikamu davi, yaiva pasi mvura, akadya. Chete chikamu Zvakanakisa wakanyatsokodzera kuti pagadzirwe "pepa".

Zvokukura gadzira nenhokwe: kukamurwa, "ungano", vachiyanikira zvaoma, makorari, gluing

Rezasi Chikamu hunde kubva mumuhara akanatsa kwokusunungura gobvu, fibrous uye Sticky nenyama. Her dzainamatira kupinda matete zvitete kureba 40-50 cm. Modern Michina kunosanganisira soaking micheka kwemazuva anoverengeka.

Finished Mahwendefa (filyury) akaisa pamusoro sandara lapped pamusoro, akaisa parutivi ganda jira uye: The wekutanga rukoko - zvaivapowo kumucheto tafura, wechipiri - perpendicularly. Pakutanga upamhi rapera jira haana masendimita anopfuura 15 asi vaIjipita pava paya kuti nokururamisira rakafara web. In muitiro kuisira zvinhu wetted nemvura kubva murwizi.

The machira akanga iyoyo akaisa pasi muchina. Zvakanga zvakafanira kuti ave nechokwadi kuti rinoparadza vari glued pamwechete, uye yenhokwe vakava mutete uye yunifomu.

Nuances uye zvishoma-nezvaanoziva

Chii enhokwe pakugadzira zvigadzirwa, zviri nyore kutsanangura. All kunzwisisa zviri zvose. Nokudaro, refu nhokwe vakaramba pasi kumanikidzwa kana pre-chaibva, saka iye anowana zvasviba. Zvakanga zvakakosha kwete yokunonotsa: VaIjipiti vanosarudza zvinhu vakareruka. The pemvura jira kubatwa remubatanidzwa chaiyo kunotadzisa aparadzirwe ingi. Zvinonzi kubva vhiniga, furawa uye kufashaira mvura. Achibvisa machira kubva pachaunga, tenzi vamutye navo inokosha nenyundo uye ironed makorari mabwe, huni kana pfupa. Akagadzirira enhokwe waoma muzuva. Ipapo vakaramba vakabatana, kuti mupumburu. VaIjipita akateerera nechokugedhi fibers, saka wokuwana "vagari" zvakanga zvisingatomboiti. Vakanyora, kazhinji kudivi (izvo nevaRoma akazonzi recto). Production enhokwe muIjipiti yekare ukauyiswa rukova. Vakatengesa izvozvo akakungurutsa, "akagura" uye "uremu."

Enhokwe ari kare

"Pa por AA" kana "zvinhu reMadzimambo" - vanonzi "pepa" dzavo vaIjipiti pachavo. Vakatanga kushandisa yenhokwe kusvikira shure sezvo 3rd chemakore BC. e. VaGiriki vakakwereta izwi vanoverengeka kuchinja madudzirwo arwo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Ijipiti akapa yenhokwe yose nyika yekare, uye saka akaramba kusvikira munenge mugore 800 BC. e. Pairi zvakanyorwa mitemo, mifananidzo uye chitendero magwaro, akaita mavara mifananidzo. Muzana 1 ST remakore BC. e. Wezvenhau Pliniy Starshy wake "Natural History" akabata pamusoro mubvunzo chezvakanaka mabikirwo rokuita nenhokwe. Zvisinei, mashoko kwavari chaiva shomanana kudzorera kutengeserana.

Maererano Strabo uye Pliny, paiva nemarudzi akawanda enhokwe. August, livievy uye hieratic vaionekwa panguva hweRoma zvakanakisisa. Uyezve atevera tiers (Alexandria) uye saitsky teneotsky. Vose vakanga akagadzirirwa kunyora. VaEgipita wo mhindu "pepa mushambadzi" - zvakachipa "wrapper" enhokwe.

The kumutsidzirwa ndege zvakavanzika

"Chii nhokwe kugadzira michina?" - mubvunzo uyu rava kunetseka Hassan Ragab, muIjipita Mumiriri China, uko akasangana Chinese mumhuri, mubasa kugadzirwa bepa iri chinyakare nzira. Maiva muna 1956. Kumusha, Ragab akatenga nyika rabha, akauya kubva Sudan omunharaunda enhokwe uye paaivatambudza kwesainzi. Ragab vake vadzidzi akakwanisa kuita nhokwe, kwete vakaderera unhu ivhu yekare. Pairi vane unyanzvi Egyptian Artists vaiita kupenda: makopi zvinowanikwa mumakuva mifananidzo uye basa yepakutanga.

Zvakaoma kutaura kana ano Ragab Papyrus sezvo yakasimba sezvo muEgipita yekare. Uyezve, kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwazova nyorovera uye mwando enhokwe apamba. Uyewo haizivikanwi sei zvakarurama kuburitswa Ragab basa gadzira nenhokwe. Zvichida iye akauya kwaari chinhu yake. Asi, nzira imwe kana mumwe, mipumburu ano uye decoration ukomba vari kubudirira kutengeswa, uye ruzivo pamusoro chii nhokwe kugadzira michina nyore ose kuongorora nzvimbo.