Kunwa guta apedza mashoko Reconquista? Mugumo Reconquista. Reconquista, zvishoma

Kune hondo kuti vava ngano. Kwete chete nokuda vakawanda umhare hondo, runonyengera runoita pamadzimambo kana kushandiswa mhando itsva zvombo, asiwo nokuda basa reDare mugumisiro hondo. Akava ngano uye Reconquista. Hazvina ngetani rose hondo yaiva chinokosha zvazvinoita enhau yazvino. It anganzi hondo yorusununguko, kuona njodzi vaKristu yekatsi Peninsula. Ropa hondo kwakauraya vanhu vakawanda. Okuguma Reconquista kuuya emakore chete pashure masere mushure kutanga kwayo. Zvakanga remakore yakaoma vakakunda vanhu vose. Asi kusunungurwa pakumanikidza zvakanga umhare. Uye, chokwadi, haigoni kubatsira asi chinoshamisa, achitora guta Reconquista akapedza.

The zvinokonzera hondo

Muna 711, panyika apo zvino chakanaka Spain, Visigoth marudzi akararama. Vakanga vasiri savages uye vahedheni. Nokuda Roma vaVisigoth kuchiKristu. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvakasiyana nokutenda nevaRoma. VaVisigoth yakatsviriridza yevanhu zvinocherechedzesa Jesu. Times havagoni kunzi rugare. MaArab akanga akunda zvose rwokumusoro-yokumadokero Africa uye, tichifunga kuti pamwe kubudirira rehondo, haana kuda kurega. Mberi vaiva munyika vaVisigoth.

Kune nyaya dzakawanda sei navaArabhu vakakwanisa kukurira marudzi. First - iri nyaya nezvorudo uye kutsiva. Kana uchitenda izvozvo, yakanga zvino mupenyu kunaka La Cava, izvo akafukidza chiso chake zuva. Ichokwadi, ndakanga ndisingagoni kubatsira asi kuwira murudo naye uye Korol Rodrigo. Asi vanozvikudza runako akaramba kuwadzana naye dambudziko rake. Rodrigo akatora musikana nechisimba. Family La Cava kugona kusiya mhosva yakadaro pasina chirango. Night runako baba urombo rega navaArabhu muguta, saka ivo akaranga Rodrigo.

Maererano neimwe shanduro, Rodrigo haana kuva mambo. Aimbova mutongi ainzi mugari wenhaka mwanakomana wake, asi haana kunakidzwa rutsigiro vanokudzwa mhuri. Zvikuru chavaida Rodrigo. Vakabva akamubatsira rava musoro wehurumende. Asi vatsigiri korona yamambo havana kubvuma. Mumwe wavo akaita ukama navaArabhu, saka vakapinda muguta, achiuraya Rodrigo nevatsigiri vake. Somubayiro vakanga vavimbisa chefuma guru. Asi navaArabhu, achiuraya mambo, haana kurega. Vaiva zvishoma papfuma. Vaida kuti yose mamiriro.

Mugore, navaArabhu vakakwanisa kukurira nharaunda yose, izvo emakore akazotevera aizotumidzwa ne Spain. Christian mamiriro akanga aizokundwa vaMuslim. VaVisigoth vakanga vasina kumanikidzwa exchange kuna Islam. Arab caliphs Akashivirira wavatorwa chitendero. Zvisinei, mitero uye kunopfuurira nemauto chiito achiri anoita nguva Reconquista nguva zviomere vakakunda vanhu.

vasingadzoreki Asturias

VaVisigoth havana kugadzirira kupa zvakakodzera kurambwa kuti navaArabhu. Havana kuva makuru hondo uye nhamba zvombo zvakakwana, simba. Nekuti vazhinji muguta yabvuma kuti vanopinda nechisimba pasina kurwa. Kusaziva matambudziko, navaArabhu akatamira kuchamhembe. Asi nzira dzavo aiva Asturias - guta ndisingadi kurega. Vazhinji Spanish vakakwirira vakagaramo, apo iye akararama. MaArab akaregererwa navo. Asi vakasara akakunda uto uye vanhu vakanga vasingadi kugara pasi, akatizira Asturias. guta rino akauya kuguma Reconquista.

Kuti akunde, machinda ose Asturias aifanira vabatane pamwe varombo, vasina kudzidza vanhu Vasconi. maguta maviri aya aiva dissimilar nyika. Asi vanobatana nomumwe chinangwa. Ndakamira kumusoro Asturias Don Pelayo. The navaArabhu vaisagona kunzwisisa sei boka duku revanhu dzingasada aashandise mumwe kukundwa pashure perimwe. Nemhaka Don Pelayo, uyo akava gamba renyika mu Spain, Asturias uye Vasconi vagari vakaziva kuti navaArabhu vanogona kuhwina. We hwakonzera dambudziko anokunda vaKristu yakakanda mumwe remagandanga hondo neshure, uyewo incursions kubva kuchamhembe, VaViking vakaita.

Pakutanga Reconquista

Rusununguko Asturias adzo vakundi. Nekuti muna 722 akapinda kuri rwendo, rakanga raitirwa kupwanya kurwisa, muikurire guta. Ini akamira musoro Alcamo. Pamwe chete Bishop Opp akaedza kunyengetedza vaKristu tipe. Nekuti zvimwe vangadai vakafa zvose. Alcamo asi akakundikana kutadzisa dzavo mweya. Kunenge kuti hapana mukana Asturias. Asi hondo vaKristu waylaid Alcamo navarwi vake pomupata akazvimedura. Alcamo pachake akaurayiwa iroro.

Invaders achiri akaramba kuedza kukurira guta rinopandukira. Mugore iroro sechirango kuti rufu Amalkamy Asturias vakatamira kune rimwe boka, musoro vamire Munusa. Asi kukupfura ichi vakakundwa. Munusa akaurayiwa. Uye kutadza kwake kwakaratidza kutanga Reconquista.

Kurwisa muFrance

MaArab vanosarudza kuramba rutsigiro avo kukunda uye kutamira zvakadzika Europe. Munzira yakanga France. About sei heroically akarwa nyika iyi, pane ngano zhinji. Zvichida anozivikanwa zvikuru mabhuku basa, vaburukira kwatiri, aiva paakaita kuti Ronsevale.

Nepo mitemo vaFrank Karl Veliky. Vabatsirei akavingwa gavhuna Zaragoza. Rubatsiro ari ruvengo, akavimbisa mambo yokubwinya upfumi kukuru. Carl akagamuchira aratidzwa. Zvainzi kuti hondo yamambo vaisafanira kurwa. Dzinondishamisira mikova guta ndarovha. Asi magedhi hadzina akazarurwa. Regai kurivhura uye kwapera nguva. Karl akaona kuti iye neuto rake vakanga vava. Akatora pakutapwa womubati, uye vanakomana vake akatuma kuFrance pamwe muzukuru wake. Karl ainzwa kuti aisagona kudzokera kumba mupenyu. Asi akanga zvakaipa.

Ndakashamiswa aiva Karl, paakadzoka kumba, akaziva kuti muzukuru wake Roland, pamwe vasungwa yakanga isati yasvika. Carl akaenda kunotsvaka. Uye akavawana vari Ronselvanskom kuzvimbirwa. Meso ake akasvinudzwa zvinotyisa kuona: hondo akatosvika zvakundikana, hakuna mupenyu munhu. Musoja nomumwe akarohwa, havasi nguo vakatosiya. Pakati semirwi akafa Tel Karl akawana mwana womukoma wake, asi vasungwa zvishoma havapo. Zviri achiri chakavanzika dzakauraya Roland nevarume vake. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vaiva vaKristu. Asi muchiitiko chino tinogona kufungidzira kuti vaKristu vaenda kundorwa vaKristu.

hondo veHurumende munguva Reconquista

VaKristu zvishoma nezvishoma kuwana simba. Masoja akasundudzira mberi nyika dzose itsva, yakavambwa maguta itsva uye kunyange inoti. Vakawanda vavo vakava. Ndivo Aragon, Castile, muNavarre, Catalonia uye Leon. Dzimwe nguva vabati inoti izvi vakanga vachirwa mumwe, asi dzimwe nguva vanogona kuita nemibatanidzwa kuburikidza dynastic muchato. Somuenzaniso, Korol Fernando ndakakwanisa ibatane Castile uye Leon, vaviri rakabudirira mamiriro. Kunenge kuti gare gare ivo chinogona kubatanidzwa, uye vamwe vanotanga kuunganidza nyika. Asi zvisingatarisirwi, Fernando afunga kuti pashure porufu rwake umambo vachapesana pakati pavanakomana nevanasikana vanofanira kuwana guta rakanaka, inozivikanwa upfumi hwayo. Vakaita saizvozvo.

The nyota simba rokufunga kunyimwa vechidiki. Hama nehanzvadzi akasungirwa internecine hondo. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo aida, richiuraya vakawanda ayo chizvarwa vanhu, nokumira panotangira yakawanda panyika. Ndakahwina mwanakomana Alfonso wechipiri. Pashure pehondo, nehama dzake nehanzvadzi, akaenda maMoziremu vakaba navo muguta Toledo, vachiwedzera miganhu nyika yechiKristu. Wenhaka Alfonso, Alfonso VII pamusoro, uchanzi Mambo Spain. Kunyange hamungambozvinzwisisi yose Spain yakanga vakasunungurwa, vaKristu vakafunga kuti kuuya okuguma Reconquista. hondo veHurumende aizivikanwa panguva. Hama nehanzvadzi dzakawanda ashandiswe vakarwisana mumwe. kukakavara aya chete vanobatsirwa vaMuslim. vavengi vavo kuparadza pachavo.

Pope atikomborere

Muzana XI remakore, upenyu vaKristu pasi pejoko evaArabhu zvakawanda kuoma. The Almoravids vakauya simba. Vaiva vanhu utsinye vasina kutora chitendero chemumwe munhu. Ivo kunyanya hwakaipisisa yaiuya vanhu uye vakaisa zvinhu munyika dzavo. Inguva ngwizhingwi Islam.

Aisagona nehanya rufu vakawanda vaKristu, Papa. Muna 1212, iye akazivisa kuti anotanga ari kushingirira. VaKristu vaya mugove mairi osunungura dzavakaberekerwa kubva vaMuslim kuenda kudenga, acharegererwa zvitadzo zvose. Kudanidzira waiva mugumisiro. Musi waJuly 16, kurwa umo mauto echiKristu huru akakunda hondo Almoravides. Kubvira ipapo, mauto vaMuslim kumbova nesimba zvakadaro. Zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kusunungurwa Spanish nyika kubva nechisimba.

kukwirira Reconquista

XIII uye XIV remakore - munhu ichatonga zvine mbiri chaiyo yehondo. Pakupedzisira, vanhu avo vaigara munyika yaigarwa mundima uye akasunungura pacharo seboka rakabatana rose. Vakaona pachavo sezvo vokuSpain, ndiani anofanira kusununguka kubva kudzvinyirirwa vaMuslim vabatane vasina kuroora uye kutanga kugadzira upenyu hutsva pasi pokutonga mambo Spanish. A guru muchinangwa kusunungurwa munyika vakaridza Knights Dzorudzidziso. With kunosiyana madhigirii kubudirira Reconquista mberi. Muchidimbu udza nezvazvo haangavi zvichikwanisika, tinogona chete kuona kuti kumugumo kurwa shoma nekufirwa kwakakundikana. Vamwe guta kanoverengeka vakapfuura pamaoko vaKristu Muslim ndiEzekieri.

Izabella Kastilskaya uye Ferdinand Aragon

Muna 1469, kumuchato Ferdinand Aragon uye Isabella pamusoro Castile. Hapana aigona kufunga zvino kuti hangaiwa ichi achakwanisa handishanduki chete upenyu yose Spain, asi pose. Achisvika gore okuguma Reconquista. Nemhaka manomano uye uto tarenda, Ferdinand akakwanisa chokubatanidza huru dzakawanda. Asi iye nomudzimai wake vakanga akasiyana chinzvimbo uye yakawanda vavariro. Naizvozvo umambo ichi chaiva kwavari zvishoma. Isabella uye Ferdinand vaiva vaKaturike vechokwadi. Kwavari, kutenda kwavo ndiye wechokwadi chete uye kushanda kuSpain.

The kuguma "vatatu zvitendero" Mutemo

Asati auya simba nevakadzi muSpain vakaedza kuwana pamusoro zvitendero zvitatu: chiKristu, Islam uye nokutenda vechiJudha. Zvisinei, Papa haana kufanana kuti vasunungurwa munzvimbo inogarwa nevanhu vakaramba kugamuchira chiKristu. Vatongi Spain havana vanofanira kugamuchira chiKaturike, nekuti vaitya kuti vaHedheni achatanga kumukirawo.

Kuti zvose zvakachinja apo akauya simba, Ferdinand uye Isabella. Ivo, kunyange pevaKaturike achitsigirwa Rome, akatanga kuparadzira chiKristu. Izvi zvakabatsira kuti zvimwe wokusunungurwa minda kubva nechisimba Muslim. Muna 1487 vakatanga kukombwa Malaga, mumwe mukuru maguta vaMuslim muSpain. Ferdinand wake vakakwanisa kuhwina kubudirira. Mberi aiva Grenada chete. Zvinonzi kusvika gore, kana rakapera Reconquista.

kutora Grenada

Nokuti vanhu vose vanodzidza chain musazonetsanazve, chinonyanya kukosha mubvunzo kana wokukundwa rweguta apedza mashoko Reconquista. Yakanga Grenada. Ferdinand uye Isabella kunyatsoongorora kugadzirira hondo yairwirwa. Kuitira kuti inobudirira, taiva mari yakawanda. Saka vakasarudza kurera mutero, uye Papa akavabvumira kushandisa nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo mari kubva kuchechi akatendeka. Nemhaka iyi mhuri yeumambo akakwanisa kudana mauto kurwa Knights uyo akarwa vaMuslim nokuda mari.

Mambo uye navahosi vakaita zvose kuitira kuti asimbise kutendeseka yayo pakati pavanhu. Vaitaura nemauto vakaedza kupidigura zvinoshingaira chikamu. Spanish madzimambo hondo kubatsirwa guerrillas, akatanga kurwa neshure, aikwanisa kuhwina. Zvino, munhu wose aiziva kubatwa rweguta apedza mashoko Reconquista. The guta yakawira 1491. It anganzi gore pakuzvarwa muSpain. Mumwe Spaniard ano kupindura nyore, pane chii gore rakapera Reconquista. Ipapo nyika aigona pakupedzisira kurega emakore kuzviisa pasi kuti vaMuslim.

Pashure pehondo,

Kana apedza Reconquista muSpain, panotangira ehurumende akamira kufarira vanhu, Ferdinand uye Isabella. Vakanga vakachenjera vatongi, pasina iro kubudirira asingadi kusvikwa, Spain kwete chete, asiwo America. Pashure pezvose, vatongi ava vakabatsira Columbus kuti ake nenzvimbo kuwanikidza kukuru. Ferdinand uye Isabella akatendeuka Spain rive simba Catholic mamiriro. Vamiririri zvimwe zvitendero kugona kuwana nzvimbo idzi. The King naMambokadzi akadzinga kubva kunyika kwavo Moors, vaJudha nevaMuslim.

Mhuri iyi youshe akaramba zvakanakisisa richizivikanwa kwemazana emakore. Uye zvino airemekedzwa muSpain. Vaita rakawanda mamiriro, chikatorike, uye aiva chinokosha kwakabatsira dzimwe nyika. In kuGrenada, zvose zvinoratidza kuti kubatwa muguta apedza mashoko Reconquista. VokuSpain vanozvikudza nhoroondo dzavo uye umhare mapeji apo dzavakaberekerwa vakasunungurwa kubva nechisimba. Zvakakosha kurangarira gore chii yakapedzwa Reconquista. gore rino mumwe yose munhoroondo playoffs.