Ivan Peresvetov uye pfungwa dzake dzouzivi

Kubva XVI remakore akauya kwatiri journalistic zvinyorwa rakanyorwa Ivan Peresvetov - mumwe mukuru mupfungwa yaitonga Ivana Groznogo. Panguva apo kuparadzana akanga woutsinye pamwe utsinye hwakanyanyisa, aiva neushingi kutaura pfungwa dzinopesana pamutemo dzematongerwe enyika mamiriro. Information about upenyu hwake shoma chaizvo, chete bhuku iyo vakanga hwokurara, vaiva nziyo zvake, akaramba zita rake ndangariro zvizvarwa zvaizotevera.

Service ari wemaricho mauto

Peresvetov Ivan Semenovich aiva chizvarwa Omani nyika, uye richisvika vayaruka, akava nyanzvi musoja. Vaviri mikumbiro, yakanyorwa naye muzita Ivan anotyisa, zvinozivikanwa kuti mukupera maviri ari XVI remakore, iye boka nevanokudzwa Polish akashanda muHungary hondo King Jan wanyora. Sezviri pachena, tiri kutaura pamusoro basa chairipirwa, kwakajairika mumazuva iwayo.

Provoevav pasi mireza zadzisa makore mashomanana, Ivan akapinda basa nemuvengi waro - muCzech mambo Ferdinand I Habsburg. Chikonzero chaiva kuchinja mutemo Mambo Polish Sigismund I, boka nyaya yaiva Ivan Peresvetov. Pashure imwe pfupi nguva mugumo dzakazvikanda mugomba hondo tenzi Moldavian Peter IV, uyo aiitawo dzinoverengeka danidziro.

In simba muboka revatungamiriri Boyar

Uyezve, muna chikumbiro chake, akati kuti mukupera thirties, akasvika muguta guru Moscow. Ikoko akanga atarisire kupa mauto akaisa kugadzirwa kurwa nhoo, asi chirongwa ichi kuva kuzadziswa nokuda mhosva yacho boyars akaumba apo kutonga vepamusoro munyika. Vangave vachinzi saka anodiwa nemwoyo yavo muboka revatungamiriri, kana mari kungoti zvakabiwa, asi chete akasara Ivan Peresvetov kwete kushanda, asi hondo voumhare - pasina nhoo.

Kamwe muMoscow uye pakarepo kungori anokanganisa chimiro kuratidzwa dzisingadzorwi simba Boyar, iye anotengesa rakadzika kunzwisisa zvose kuonekwa uye kutsvaka nzira yokugadzirisa zvinetso. Mafungiro ake rinotaura papepa iri muchimiro Zvikumbiro uye pasi vaya akatonga nyika nokuda ipapo mucheche chevaux Ivan IV. Asi akanga ari simba panguva nenguva-servers havana chokuita nepfungwa dzake, uye mapepa pasi pavo yaisapindurwa.

Kuongororwa Moscow boyars

Ivan Peresvetova zvikumbiro makore iwayo haana isu kusvika, uye kunyange kuti chaizvoizvo aivako, yagara vakabvunzwa. Chete tsvakurudzo masayendisiti ari XX remakore ndikazvisimbisa kwavo zvechokwadi. Nhasi, pane dzinoshandiswa venhau mabasa Peresvetova, zvakanyorwa pane imwe nguva gare gare, apo mukomana Ivan IV zera, vachibvumira kuti atonge nyika ari yavo. Rinoreva pakuguma forties yacho XVI remakore. mabhuku nhaka munyori vanosanganisira kuunganidza maviri - kwakakwana uye kukwana shanduro.

The chikuru zviri mabasa Ivan Peresvetova sezvineiwo airarama kutsoropodza kuvakuru kwamachinda, pokufumura kushayiwa kwavo dzemitemo nokuora kwetsika, mugumisiro zvakanga kwamaitira zvakapararira mutemo. Haabvumirani kwavari "murombo asi kushinga voinnikov". Iwoyo kushumira vanhu, vanoumba inotsigira ari mamiriro wechokwadi. pfungwa Social uye ouzivi Ivan Peresvetova zvikuru manzwiro ezasi akaturikidzana yakafana feudal wemadzishe - kwamachinda. Mavari, yaanozvitaura ive ideologue pamusoro Muscovite autocracy. A dzvuku rakakoshwa kuburikidza zvaakanyora zvose zvinobuda dingindira kudiwa "muedzo Imperial simba."

The muvengi uranda uye kukundwa

Zvisinei, mune mabasa Ivan Peresvetova kazhinji pfungwa kuti haawirirani mirayiridzo inokosha mamiriro ezvinhu iyoyo. nzvimbo chinokosha mavari Kutongwa kwose kukundwa uye uranda repasi strata munzanga. Rakanyorwa somunhu mukuru nharo anopa mashoko muBhaibheri kuti vanhu vose, zvisinei dzakavapo kana nyika - ndiye "vana vaAdhamu", uye saka haafaniri nhaka simba simba. Maererano naye, varanda ose rinowanika diabolical Achikurudzirwa.

Ideas runoratidzwa zvaakanyora, aiva outsinye vakashinga uye vasingagoni asi kumutsa hasha kwavavengi. Somuenzaniso, Ivan Peresvetov vakataura chokwadi yenyika kuti uye kururamisira kupfuura muchitendero. nokuenzanisa kwakadaro pamusoro pake rebei chikamu vafundisi. Asi Moscow State nhamo, akatsanangura zvaiva kushaya chokwadi, izvo noushingi saka kumusoro zvose pakunamata.

Tips Emperor

In zvikumbiro zvavo, akatuma Ivanu Groznomu munguva apo akanga atova zvakasimba akatora simba mumaoko Peresvetov anotora rusununguko kupa zano kuna mambo pakutonga nyika. Nhamo mambo vaiona zvakafanira kutungamirirwa navo, yave nyaya gakava nesayenzi ari XIX remakore. Kunyanya, yakakurumbira dzakaitika Karamzin akataura chokwadi kuti zvakawanda Peresvetov akanyora, akagamuchira chaiko kuratidza yamambo mutemo, asi kana waiva masanga kana mambo hakurevi pakuvenga pfungwa mugari, ichingori chakavanzika.

Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa nomuenzaniso kukunda Kazan umambo, rakatangwa muna 1552. Chokwadi chokuti Peresvetov mutsamba yake, akazviratidza sezvo kuchitsigira mutsigiri pakurwisana Tatars uye chaizvoizvo akanyora nezvokukosha mukudzidzire ravo guru. Asi kutaura kuti Ivan Grozny akaita inokosha pamushandirapamwe kufurirwa nyaya yake, vaizova yakati nekumhanyirira. Fight pamwe Kazan umambo chaiitirwa kubva pakutanga XV remakore, uye zvichida raiva migumisiro zvaizoguma Zvikumbiro izvi.

Uyewo zvikuru gakava muchinangwa drafting pamusoro Peresvetova muna 1550 Sudebnik - mitemo mamiriro muRussia. Pfungwa kudiwa chacho zvisikwa rinowanzoshandiswa kuwanikwa kukumbira, asi ari mudzidziso muupenyu namambo zvakanga zvishoma zvakasiyana.

Pfungwa ouzivi Ivan Peresvetova wakaenzana vanhu vose pamberi paMwari, uye inadmissibility kuti uranda vakandorwa wamambo mutemo, uye kuti zvinoratidzwa Sudebnik vane mitemo haana kurambidza kuti uranda munhu nemunhu, asi chete chengetedza izvi.

Boyarsky mwanakomana - ane anokumhan'arira uranda

Panzira, mune mashoko avo pamusoro inadmissibility pakukwirira Singles varanda Peresvetov haana oga. Munhoroondo Russia akapinda zita rimwe anokumhan'arira uranda - Matveya Bashkina. Uyu Boyarsky mwanakomana akataura chinoronga muhedheni kuparidza ushumiri haisi rokumanikidzirwa, uye aurayiwe mamwe mabasa ari chokuzvidira hwaro. Munharaunda yake, anofanira kutendera ake serfs zvose, achiparadza magwaro akasimbisa navo uye muranda simba munzanga.

A siyana mabhuku siyana nemabasa Peresvetova

Mabhuku Zvivako vechigaro kunyorwa Ivan Peresvetova vari chaizvo siyana zvakasikwa. Kana tikataura pamusoro vataurwa pamusoro-Zvikanganiso uye Greater mikumbiro, wokutanga wavo chaizvo chikumbiro - chikumbiro kuna mambo kuitira kuti vawane chaiwo kwenguva pfupi zvabuda. Muchiitiko chino, zvakanga kukumbira rubatsiro pagadzirwe ukomba nokuda kwehondo. Kana tava kuenda Big chikumbiro, hazvina kuoma kuona kuti gwaro iri riri yakasiyana kurongeka. Pamberi pedu anooneka unwrapped enyika bhuku, ave kure-kusvika zvinangwa zvine urongwa.

Zvakasiyana wayo mabhuku muchimiro nayo mabasa akadai "The Legend pamusoro Magmet-Saltan" uye "The zvakaedza chevaux Constantine". Pakutanga, ine zvose zvaidiwa nyaya akanyorwa paakaita manyorerwo, asi pamusoro ukanyatsozvitarisa zvinova pachena kuti yakapinza journalistic mabasa kuti vabvise uipi zvakanga zvakajairika munzanga, muvengi chakanga Ivan Peresvetov. pfungwa dzake inowanikwa enganonyorwa izvi chepakutanga uye zvikuru unyanzvi okuti. Munzira dzakawanda vari mberi nguva yavo.

The chikuru zviri mabasa Ivan Peresvetova ndiko kuratidza chokwadi uye kuziva zvikanganiso ayo. In tsinga ichi, munyori criticizes kuti Byzantine Constantine, uyo akava basa ndechokuti nyika kamwe simba, achiva kune makaro uye kutendeseka courtiers nezvavakatapa, ndaneta uye akawira akuvara Magmet-Saltan. pachena anenge Pane mupfungwa Sultan Muhammed II, kukunda Constantinople muna 1453. Yaiva mhando rokunyevera nezvemigumisiro yacho unotungidzwa nehanya vatongi vayo.

End upenyu, yakavanzwa emakore

Hazvizivikanwi kana uye mumamiriro ezvinhu chii, vakashaya Ivan Peresvetov. Biography ake rine anenge asina chesamende ruzivo. Mumwe anogona chete kufunga kuti iye kashoma akapedza rwendo rwake yepasi norugare uye norunyararo - paiva vakawanda vakaratidza dzavo pfungwa anokurudzira kupandukira. Izvi zvisina kunanga kwechokwadi chokuti mumakore hunotevedzana Peresvetova zita woutsinye zvakasimba kwenguva refu uye yakanga yokukanganwa. Ndizvo mugove vose vasiri kutya kuudza chokwadi chiso masimba kuva.