Zviri pfungwa 'maitiro enyika'

simba Political - ndiwo zvakananga uye anosunga mitemo kugutsikana. Zvisinei, hazvina kukwana nechokwadi indivisibility munzanga, kutungamirira pakati mapoka mubereko zvakasiyana, kuchengeta hurongwa mudanga, apo kubatsira kuti ayo kukura, kupindura nokukurumidza mune chiitiko ngozi kwava pedyo. Chinhu chikuru kuti haana kufanana simba chii zvematongerwo enyika, uye kuti icho anoita mabasa uye tsime sei. Uye ichi runoratidzwa tsika basa Party, hurumende timuteerere uye ehurumende nemasangano. Yose Chiito sangano simba rezvematongerwo enyika uye huchishanda kunozivikanwa neshoko rokuti "mamiriro enyika". kugutsikana Its rinosanganisira chine nemasangano kuti vanoita simba. Kunosanganisirawo zvose dzokukurukurirana nadzo pakati pesimba zvidzidzo uye zvinhu.

Apo pfungwa "gadziriro enyika" iri sezvaari, zvaireva kuti mutemo zvakanzwisiswa sezvo yakazvimirira munda sayenzi. Ndakava aiziva uye interrelation pamusoro pezvakaitwa zvose uye ezvirevo. Kuti uzive kuti kuchinja kwakaitika, kana anokwanisa kupa kugadzikana uye kuramba nengaidzo iri zvinodiwa Group, zvinokosha kufunga mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu. Chekutanga, chete kubata pamwe nyika isiri yezvematongerwe enyika anopa zvinorehwa enyika. Uye chechipiri, kuti chiri nzvimbo kusvika akazvimirira uye ane zvinhu mugadziriro. Uye zvinhu zvayo zvose zviri zvokuti interconnected kuti kuchinja mumwe ndichakubvunzaiwo vachinje zvakazara.

Akatanga pfungwa "mamiriro" kune zvedzidzo munharaunda pakutanga German zvipenyu remakore rechi20. Iye kumiririrwa rive iine kuwirirana zvinhu. Asi zvakatora anopfuura gumi pamberi, uye sayenzi evanhu mune tsika kwave kushandiswa pane hurongwa nzira.

budiriro Its musayenzi enyika kwakakonzerwa shanduko kwemasayendisiti kuitika zvematongerwo bhora, ayo inextricable kubatana pamwe non-enyika nyika. Dzidziso iyi yakanga mhinduro iyoyo hukuru tsika kufunga zvinhu zvose nomumwe, pane avo yose. Zvechokwadi, kuziva mitemo Links nevamwe zvoupenyu kuuya zvesayenzi enyika panguva kamwe. Yose upenyu nzanga zvinopinda ayo framework uye pasi chete kuti hurumende. Zvinonzi chete mubasa kuparadzira tsika uye zvinhu. Asi pamwe kwaita nemasangano ose veruzhinji , boka zvido mapoka ose vemo.

On hwaro ichi zvakatanga kuitika mukati specialization enyika mabasa uye mashandiro anoita vanhu. Kuti tinzwisise zvinokonzera nokuparadzirwa uku hazvibviri pasina kufungisisa upenyu nemagariro nzanga uye ayo mafungiro. Pfungwa yokuti 'Gadziriro enyika "chakatsiva rehurumende pfungwa uye vachaita kufungawo nezvainoita kushanda nyika enyika yose zvisina zvigadziriswe. payo pave nomukana kunzwisisa interrelations uye pakudyidzana veruzhinji uye maitiro enyika uye tsika.

Pfungwa iyi yakatanga hwakatangwa nemasayendisiti American. Zvematongerwo enyika zvinowanzodavirwa uvanzwisisewo uye rinoreva seti pezvivako vose munzanga dzavo kuratidzwa enyika, uye munguva vanhu kudyidzana nezviremera. American musayendisiti enyika G. Almond akaita zvimwe kuwedzera kuti tsanangudzo iyi pfungwa. Maererano naye, zvematongerwo enyika zvinosanganisira kwete chete masangano ezvematongerwo enyika, asi upfumi, zvemagariro zvivako. Uyezve, rinosanganisira tsika uye tsika vanhu, izvo nhoroondo uye mamiriro okukura kwayo tsika.

Modern zvematongerwo enyika huripo munyika, iri zvakawanda. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti subsystems dzavo dzichiumbwa kuvimbika, pasina uye interconnected nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. The mashandiro unodzora ari kudyidzana ichi, uye ndiyo hwaro pamusoro typology rezvematongerwo enyika zvikuru hurongwa.