Nobel Prize saizi. Nobel Prize: nezvenhoroondo chiitiko

The Nobel Prize ndiyo nomukurumbira yesayenzi mubayiro munyika. Kurota yake kuwana masayendisiti kubva kuminda siyana. Kuziva pamusoro achangobuda nebudiriro vanhu, aionekwa mubayiro ichi, mutengo ose munhu akadzidza. Sezvo iye akaonekwa, uye mune papi nesayenzi chinogona kuwanikwa?

Chii?

Award wegore inonzi mushure Swedish injiniya, industrialist uye muvambi. Alfred Bernhard Nobel akanga kwayo muvambi. Uyezve, iye ane mari kubva umo mari dzinounzwa kuti. Nhoroondo Nobel Prize anotanga muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Sezvo 1901, pakaitwa dare anosarudza kuti vakundi yaiva muzvikwata akadai wefizikisi, mushonga uye physiology, kemisitiri, mabhuku uye kudzivirira norugare. Muna 1969, mumwe sainzi itsva yawedzerwa pamazita. Kubvira ipapo, Commission anotiwo zvakanaka nyanzvi mune upfumi. Zvichida ramangwana pachava Mapato itsva, asi panguva iyoyo kukurukurwa chiitiko kwakadaro hakuna kuitwa.

Somubayiro ikoko?

Nhoroondo Nobel Prize unofadza zvikuru. Rinobatanidzwa rima chaizvo chiitiko muupenyu hwayo muvambi. Sezvaunoziva, Alfred Nobel akanga ari vakatanga Dynamite. Kana muna 1889 mukoma wake Ludwig akafa, mumwe mutori wenhau ane pepanhau uye avhiringidza obituary pamusoro Alfred. The chinyorwa vakamuti mutengesi rufu. Alfred Nobel akanga vakavhunduka panguva tarisiro varambe vari kuyeuka vanhu munyika yakadaro kukwanisa. Akatanga kufunga kuti chii chinogona akasiya, uye rakanyorwa chaiyo resungano. With payo, wakatarisira kuvandudza zvinhu pamwe Dynamite.

The Will Alfreda Nobelya

Nhangaruvazhe chinyorwa agamuchirwa uye nemasaini 1895 kuParis. Maererano kuda, pfuma yose vasara mushure executors inofanira vakatsinhanisa nokuda kuchengetedzeka, pamusoro iyo mari vachasimbiswa. Yechimbadzo zvichiguma guru richashandiswa mubayiro kune masayendisiti kuuya tinyatsobatsirwa kuti vanhu. Vanofanira kukamurwa muzvikamu shanu: mumwe munhu akawana kana tega chinhu chitsva mune wefizikisi, imwe yenzvimbo unyanzvi kemisiti, wechitatu zvaireva vanachiremba zvakanakisisa, wechina - nokuti musiki chikuru mabhuku mabasa gore vakazvitsaurira kuna dzevanhu zvinangwa, uye wechishanu - munhu anogona kubatsira runyararo munyika, kurwira rutapudzo wehondo, kurambidzwa kwouranda uye ushamwari avanhu. Maererano kuda kwake, Nobel Prize nekuda Mapato maviri mibayiro okutanga pakutsvaga Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. In mushonga kusarudzwa anoita Royal Karolinska Institute, iro Swedish Academy anosarudza kuti mabhuku, uye vokupedzisira - neKomiti navashanu. Vanosarudzwa ne Norwegian Storting.

Kukura mibayiro

Sezvo mubairo iri pakutsvaga muzana paakapiwa guru Nobile, saizi yayo dzinosiyana. Pakutanga zvakanga inopiwa iri korona, wokutanga mari yakanga 150 zviuru. Zvino ukuru Nobel Prize yakura yekudyidzana uye mupe US dhora. Mumakore achangopfuura, zviri pamusoro miriyoni. Kana mari iri mari yapera, Zvibvisike uye bhonasi. Nobel chitsama pakutanga chakaita kuti kusvika mamiriyoni 32 Swedish, kronor Naizvozvo, pasi vanobudirira Investments, makore ose aya, izvozvo chete zvakawedzera. Kunyange zvakadaro, mumakore achangopfuura mubereko haasi kuzobvumira kuti vabudirire yakanaka bhajeti - mubayiro zvichidhura Mutambo uye zviri kutarisirwa kwezvinhu zviri kukwirira. Makore akawanda apfuura, ukuru Nobel Prize, kwakasarudzwa kuderedza kuti nechokwadi kutsiga Fund iri refu izwi. The Kutarisirwa ari kuita zvose zvinobvira kuizadzisa kwenguva yakareba sezvingabvira.

mhuri wokupomera

Kana nhoroondo akanga atora nzira yakasiyana, chiedza aisazombofa kuoneka mubayiro uyu. Nobel Verengai raiva rakakura zvokuti mhuri vasingagoni kusvika mashoko naye kurasikirwa. Pashure pokufa vakatanga mumwe vamwe vanotanga miedzo umo vakaedza kuti kupikisa kuda. Nobel aiva neimba imba Nice uye muParis, murabhoritari kuRussia, Finland, Italy, Germany, uye England, yakawanda okudhindira uye mafekitari. All pfuma venhaka vaida kugovera pachavo. Zvisinei, Storting akasarudza kuziva kuda. Vachikumbira nokunonoka kutengesa pfuma yake, nguva uye kukura Nobel Prize vakanga vanotenderwa. Hama vakaenda mubatanidzwa mamiriyoni maviri.

Fund yakasimbiswa

The Nobel Prize, nhoroondo yakatanga ine chinyadzo, yakatanga paakavapa muna 1900 chete. The Royal Council akasangana June 29, 1900, iro zvose zvakaiswa akaongororwa uye aifarirwa yepamutemo mari. On chikamu mari yakanga vawana kuvaka nayo riri. Muna December 1901 chakaitirwa mharidzo rokutanga chiitiko. Nobel Prize kukura zana namakumi mashanu zviuru aiva wokutanga uye zvikuru kuchinja. Muna 1968, ivo Bank of Sweden ave aida sarudza uye vanachiremba pasango upfumi. Nobel Prize nokuti munda vakasarudza Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Wakatanga paakavapa muna 1969.

Mitemo mhemberero

Testament anoratidza chete ukuru Nobel Prize uye Science, nokuti kubudirira umo vatsvakurudzi zvinofanira kucherechedzwa. Mitemo mufambiro uye kusarudza aifanira kuitwa kare Fund kutarisira. Vakanga yakatanga mukuvamba maviri remakore, uye kubvira anongoda hapana shanduko. Maererano nemitemo, mubayiro anogona paakavapa kune vanhu vakawanda, asi havagoni kuva anopfuura matatu. Kana wacho akafa muna December panguva mhemberero, asi iye akanga ari mupenyu ari kuziviswa nominations muna October, uchachipiwa Verengai paakanga afa. Nobel Foundation haadaro mubayiro mibayiro, uchiraira kuti inokosha makomiti nechimwe kutungamirirwa. nhengo dzavo vatsvake kubatsirwa masayendisiti kubva munzvimbo yesayenzi zvakasiyana. Prize mumabhuku kupa zvakanakisisa unyanzvi wemitauro. WeNobel ari nomination hwenyika Navasanangurwa kubvunzana masayendisiti mumunda uzivi, mutemo, political sainzi, nhoroondo, akakoka kukurukura voruzhinji. Dzimwe nyanzvi anogona kupa wacho pachake. kodzero iyi runobva kuna vakundi makore rapfuura uye nhengo Swedish Academy of Sciences. nominations All vanotenderwa pamberi 1 February mugore iroro pachava bhonasi. September Pamberi mumwe kupfimbwa hunoyerwa uye kukurukurwa. Nokufamba zviuru nyanzvi unobatanidzwa. Kana kurovedza inoguma, matare ndinotuma anotenderwa musarudzo dziri pamutemo zviitiko apo masayendisiti Nobel Prize basa, izvo zvichaita kuti chisarudzo chokupedzisira. Mune wefizikisi, kemisitiri uye sayenzi upfumi ndivo chikuru boka vamiririri Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, mune imwe neimwe makumi maviri nemashanu vanhu. Medicine raisanganisira mashanu nhengo Karolinska Institute. Literature - gumi masayendisiti kubva Swedish Academy. Peace Prize, Norwegian mibayiro Nobel Committee. Muna October rokupedzisira kushandisa mashoko akataura venhau mu Stockholm panyika, achiperekedzwa uone zvikonzero nechimwe sarudzo. By December 10 vakundi uye nemhuri dzavo vanokokwa mhemberero.