Kodominirovanie - ichi chinhu kujairika mhando kudyidzana pakati alleles

Kuti tinzwisise zviri kodominirovanie mu genetics, isu kuongorora zvinobvira mhando kwokukurukurirana pakati alleles. Maererano pfungwa gametes kuchena zvinganaka Gregor Mendel, paumbwe gametes mairi anosuwa chete mumwe alleles maviri nerimwe mubereki muviri anokonzera unhu. Saka, chaiye diploid gamete vakaumba wakaiswa pamusoro alleles. Uyezve, Kudzora zvachose kungazviratidza ari kudyidzana kana hukuru dzvanyirira recessive, kukwana kutonga uye kodominirovanie.

kukwana kutonga

Panyaya iyi chikuru allele haisi anovanza recessive zvachose, zvinoguma itsva zvenguva chinhu. Muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvisakakwana kutonga maruva ruvara vamwe maruva zvakadai pezvakasikwa. Ngatiti pane tsvuku ruva homozygous genotype (AA) (akajeka mutsetse) uye ruva chena (AA), zvakafanana yakaisvonaka mutsetse. Vakati vayambuka kuzviratidza maruva vaaleanpunainen coloring - muenzaniso kodominirovaniya. Dzavo genotype AA ane chimiro, asiwo hune uye recessive allele kuoneka. By takayambuka akatendeukira pakati - blue ruvara.

Kodominirovanie

Rumwe rudzi Gene okuti - kodominirovanie. Fani iyi zvinofanana kukwana kutonga, asi achine mumwe musiyano zvikuru. Kodominirovanie - Gene kudyidzana umo pakatarisana zviratidzo kuitika panguva imwe chete, asi hazvipindiri uye regai kubereka chinhu zvenguva chinhu.

Kana kuyambuka chena ruva Red petunias angapikisana tsvuku, pink, chena kana bi-ruvara. Flower neshamhu matsvuku ari mugumisiro mumwe muitiro akadai kodominirovanie. Ndicho muenzaniso vakawanda izvozvo kudyidzana.

Kodominirovanie hunhu zvimwe zvirimwa.

Kudyidzana nonallelic majini

Zvinonzi kuti chete allelic majini kushandisa pfungwa dzakadai ari kutonga zvizere, kukwana kutonga uye kodominirovanie. Mienzaniso uye vakawanda kuedza ndikazvisimbisa kuti kana vasiri allelic majini raireva mamwe marudzi mukukurukurirana - pamwe, epistasis, complementarity polymer. Muenzaniso uri polymer, pane kukwana kutonga, ndiyo nhaka munhu rweganda.

Kodominirovanie muvanhu

Mumwe muenzaniso nyore asi unoshamisa kodominirovaniya - nhaka mapoka ropa. Sezvaunoziva, pane mapoka mana ropa. Boka rokutanga G (I) unoratidzwa pamberi maviri genotype homozygous recessive majini O. A rechipiri boka (II) zvingaitika uye genotype AB kana AA. The phenotype saizvozvo chete kuratidza A chikuru Gene, izvo zvachose anovanza munhu recessive Gene. Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana yaizova kuti boka rechitatu ropa B (III), iyo yakaumbwa pamwe genotype BB kana Võ. Hukuru Gene mune recessive Gene anovanza O uye unooneka somugumisiro kutonga zvizere. Asi chii chichaitika kana akayambuka homozygous genotypes AA uye BB? Uye majini A uye B naGene zviri nesimba, saka hapana haagoni chose kudzvinyirira vamwe, uye vacharatidza pachavo. Muchiitiko chino, pamwe 100% mukana vachatitaka boka ropa wechina - AB anobata kodominirovanie. Izvi zvinoitika muna mazambuko heterozygous Ao uye BO, apo chero mugumisiro zvinogoneka:

P: AOhVO;

F1: Ao (II), AB (IV), Võ (III), PA (I).

Ndokusaka boka ropa wemwana haangagoni kuva boka ropa chete vabereki. Muenzaniso unoratidza kuti kodominirovanie kunoratidzwa kwete ruvara zvinomera.

Kodominorovanie uye mutation

Zvinonzi waiti kutaura zvose anoti - ichi hachisi nguva dzose kodominirovanie. Izvi zvinoratidza isingawanzowanikwi nemagene chepfungwa sezvo vanhu uye dzimwe mhuka - heterochromia (ruvara mismatch Iris). Heterochromia rwakakwana Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe mashava ziso rimwe zvitema, kana kukwana, somuenzaniso kana mutema goko ane pfumbu chidimbu. Heterochromia, pasinei pachena muenzaniso ruvara painting, muenzaniso haana kodominirovaniya uye genomic kunotouraya. Zvaipesana ruvara rweganda - uyewo kodominirovanie chii genetics anodaro. Kodominirovanie iyi nyaya kuvhiringidzwa chirwere.

mutemo Kodominirovanie wokutanga Mendel

Kodominirovaniya Fani uye kukwana kutonga, pane Pakutanga, anoratidza kuti wokutanga mutemo Mendel pamusoro kufanana kwakaita VaNefirimu haina akaita. Gregor Mendel ari kuedza ake akabata pizi chisingazivi vanowanzotevedzera chero kodominirovanie kana zvishomanana kutonga, uye chete kutonga zvizere. Muzviitiko apo zvakavhenganiswa chiratidzo, kana kuti mawa kuratidzwa hazviiti, mashoko akanga zvachose zvakanaka. Pashure anenge zana, kana vakanga icho, kodominirovanie uye kukwana kutonga, mutemo wokutanga Akave nokuvandudza huchiti chizvarwa chechipiri VaNefirimu kuonekwa, pahwaro dzakafanana homozygotes kuburikidza kuyambuka wokutanga chizvarwa VaNefirimu pamwe nevakomana zviratidzo. Rinooneka chikuru kune kutonga kwakakwana kana yakavhenganiswa chiratidzo - pakuparwa kukwana kutonga.

Unogona kushandisa muenzaniso nhaka mapoka ropa kuratidza kwakarurama mukwanisi mutemo Mendel rokutanga:

P: AA BB ×;

F1: AB, AB, AB, AB.

Mugumisiro kuyambuka mitsetse miviri vachava heterozygous chiratidzazvizhinji vakachena, umo zvakavhenganiswa phenotype akaratidza chiratidzo, sezvo kunoitika kodominirovanie. Izvi unoenderana imwe kunatsiridza.