Ko mabhakitiriya anowedzera sei: ne spores kana nekupesana?

Zvinyorwa zvebhakitiriya kubvira kare zvakanyatsoziva nzvimbo dzose dzinozivikanwa. Vari mumhepo, mumvura, vanorarama mune zvimwe zvipenyu. Asi kupfuura zvose izvo zviri mumatanda akakwirira evhu. Nhamba yezvipenyu izvi haigoni kungoenderana nehutano hwechimiro. Inowanikwa nekukwanisa kukuru kubereka. Iyo mabhakitiriya anowedzera sei muchidimbu muchikamu chacho.

Ndivanaani mabhakitiriya?

Izvi zvipenyu hazvina maturo, zvisingawanzogadziriswa. Icho chaicho chekare. Iyo michina yepamusoro inomiririrwa nesimbi uye mucous capsule, uye cytoplasm haina kana mitochondria uye plastids. Masero akawanda ane flagella, iyo bhakitiriya inogona kufamba.

Genetic material

Mabhakitiriya ndiwo prokaryotes. Izvi zvinoreva kuti masero avo haafaniri kuita nucleus. Asi ruzivo rwezvemashoko mavari ruchiripo. Iko kuunganidza kwema-molecules eDNA kune imwe nzvimbo ye cytoplasm uye inonzi nucleoid. Mune mamwe mazwi, tinogona kutaura kuti prokaryotes ine nheyo isina envelopu. Saka, havakwanisi kuita zvinongororwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupenyu. Zvisinei, izvi hazvibatsiri kukwanisa kwavo kubereka nenzira ipi zvayo.

Mabhakitiriya anowedzera sei?

Mabhakitiriya anowedzera nesero kupatsanurwa. Iyi ndiyo nzira huru uye inokurumidza. Kubva kune imwe amai, sehafu yeawa, vaviri vanasikana masero anoshandiswa. Uye mushure meimwe nguva yenguva, masero maviri matsva anoumbwa kubva kumadzimai maviri masero. Izvi zvinotsanangura nhamba huru yebhakitiriya mune zvakasikwa.

Pasi pemamiriro akashata, mabhakitiriya anokwanisa kugadzira spores - masero e- asexual reproduction. Dzimwe nguva, masero ekaktheria achamera - kuumba zviduku zvishoma zvinokura, zvinoshanduka kuva vanhu vakuru uye kuparadzaniswa kubva kumadzimai.

Nenzira iyo mabhakitiriya anowedzera, mumwe anogona zvakare kufunga muenzaniso wekugadzirisa. Iyi ndiyo maitiro ekuita zvepabonde. Icho chiri mukuchinjana kwemashoko ane nhaka pakati pemasero. Pamberi pekutanga, mhetekete yemhete yeDNA yakapetwa kaviri. Kupfuurira pakati pemasero e-cytoplasmic bridge rinoumbwa, maererano nezvinozivikanwa nezvenhaka imwe yesero kune imwe. Iko kuchinjana kweDNA. Somugumisiro, muviri unowana zviratidzo zvitsva, izvo zvinowanzobetsera. Semuenzaniso, mabhakitiriya anodzivisa pamigumisiro yezvakaipa zvinokonzerwa nezvoutachiona, mavairasi kana antibiotics.

Nodule bhakiteriya inorarama uye inobereka pamidzi yemiti yakajeka uye yezviyo. Kupindira mumudziyo wevhu kuburikidza nenharaunda dzakagadziriswa kana mvere dzemudzi, dzinokura uye dzinoita zvinoputika - maudules. Mukati mavo nzvimbo yakanaka ye metabolism yakasikwa. Midzi inopa mabhakitiriya zvinhu zvakadai, uye mabhakitiriya - nitrogen, iyo inonyanya kukosha pakukura nekukura kwezvirimwa.

Cell inoparadzaniswa muviri

Maitiro ayo mabhakitiriya anowedzera anobva pane zvisikwa uye nzvimbo. Asi mukati maviri mabhakitiriya ese anogona kugovana. Izvi zvinowanzoitika mumatanho akawanda uye inonzi binary division.

Pamberi pekutanga kwekuparadzaniswa, dzungu reDNA molecule rinowanikwa kaviri. Mune mamwe mazwi, kudzokorora kunoitika. Iyo nucleotide yakakamurwa, mwanasikana weDNA anosiyana. Kukura mukati me cytoplasm, kemukisi yesero iri pakati pemakyukemu eDNA. Ndiyo iye anokamura gorosi uye zviri mukati maro muhafu.

Zuva kubva kune imwe sero kuenda kuchiedza kune 72 mabhakiteriya. Kana zvose izvi mabhakitiriya akaramba achigoneka, zvipenyu zvavo zvaizova matani 5. Muzvisikwa, zvakasikwa, izvi hazviitiki uye mabhakitiriya mazhinji anofa.

Vegetative reproduction

Chimiro chacho chinoratidzawo kuti mabhakitiriya anowedzera sei.

Mhando dzekoloni uye cyanobacteria (bhuru-green algae) inokwanisa kubereka mbeu. Nenzira iyi, mbeu inowanzoparadzirwa. Icho chinosanganisira mukuparadzaniswa kubva kumunhu wose wemashizha ayo akawanda.

Nzira dzakashata dze cyanobacteria dzinoumba masero anokosha, anonzi heterocysts. Kudyara kwemazhizha kunosanganisira kuputika kwemafuta, muganhu unopfuura munzvimbo dze heterocysts.

Spherical cocci bacteria inogona kubatanidzwa mumaketani, mabheji kana mamwe maitiro. Kuparadzanisa, vanowedzerawo.

Spore formation

Bhakitiriya inodyara ne spores, iyo inoumbwa kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa aitika. Spore maitiro haisi nzira chete yekuberekwa. Mukati me spore nzvimbo yakasikwa yakasikwa, mvura inogadziriswa inoderera, iyo inokosha inogadziriswa inomiswa. Munharaunda iyi yepikisano, kana kutonhora kwakakwirira, kana kuisa mazaisai emagetsi, kana kutarisana nemakemikari kune ngozi. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka achiuya zvakare, majaya emakemikari maduku anobuda kubva ku spores. Nokudaro, kuumbwa kwe spores ndeimwe mukana wekuchengetedza kubata kwemasero mumamiriro asina kukodzera ehupenyu. Pane zviitiko apo bhakitiriya spores yakaramba yakabatana nemakumi kana mazana emakore.

Incubation

Imwe nzira yekudzivirira pakurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaipa uye nzira yekuberekwa ndeyekugadzirwa kwe-cysts. Izvo zvinoputika nehombodo. Munyika yebhakitiriya ye cyst inogona kuva nguva refu. Muchiitiko ichi, haafi kubva kumatambo anopfuura 200 degrees. Nekutanga kwemamiriro ezvinhu akaenzana, bhakitiriya inobvisa muvupurupa uye inotanga kanowanzoita bhanary division.

Kuti mabhakitiriya anowedzera sei, zvinowanzogadzirisa kugadzirisa zvinhu. Kana pasina mishonga yakakwana nekunyorova, kune huwandu hwemhepo yakakosha, mhepo yakakwirira kana yakadzika, mabhakitiriya anoshandisa nzira dze inclusions kana sporulation. Mamiriro ezvinhu akasununguka, anogovana kana kuwedzera zvinomera. Iyi ndiyo nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuberekwa, uko mabhakitiriya anokwanisa, izvo zvinotarisa huwandu hwehupenyu hwavo. Kana nzira yekuparadzanisa rimwe sero rebhakitiriya haina kumira mukati memazuva gumi, inogona kuvhara pasi rose repasi.