Ndeapi nzvimbo dzemuAfrica dzeAustralia? Australia: mamiriro okunze, mamiriro okunze uye nzvimbo

Australia - iyo nyika, iyo yakadzidzwa nevaEurope kwete pakarepo, kure uye isina kujairika. Mukuwedzera, yakazara zvachose kune imwe nzvimbo, uyewo ndiyo duku kudarika Pasi. Kudzidza maitiro ayo kuchava kunakidza kune wose anoda kuve nemafungiro pamusoro pemamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ezvimwe zvikamu zvenyika.

Geography yekondinendi

Australia inobva kuLatin australis , zvinoreva "kumaodzanyemba". Nokudaro, zita rekondinendi rinowirirana zvakananga nenzvimbo yacho. Iyo yakanyanyisa kuchamhembe kwekondinendi yeKapa York. South-East Point iri kumaodzanyemba. Kumadokero, Australia inopera paStape Point, uye kumabvazuva - Byron. Kureba kwekondinendi makiromita 3200 kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba. Kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva inosvika 4 100 km. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemapfumbamwe, Australia yakaonekwa pamapu. Nyaya yakawanda pamusoro pekondinendi yakave yakawanikwa nekuda kwezviitiko zvakawanda zvevatsvaga. Mutungamiri mutungamiri Matthew Flinders akaipedza zvachose ndokupa musoro. Nzvimbo yekondinendi inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemamiriro okunze uye nzvimbo dzepanyika, imwe neimwe inofanirwa kuongorora zvakadzama. Munharaunda kondinendi mune mapoka ezvitsuwa - Melville, Bathurst, Tasmania, Groote Island, Derk-Hartog, Flinders, Fraser uye Kangaroo.

Mvura dzakapoteredza nyika

Kuvapo kwegungwa kwakananga kunokanganisa mamiriro ehurumende yeAustralia. Nzizi nemakungwa zvinewo basa. Iyo nyika haina hukama kune dzimwe makondinendi, inoshambidzwa nePacific uye Indian mazishe. Kumusoro ndiko makungwa - Arafura neTimor. Guta guru pane Carpentarium. Pakati pekumaodzanyemba nekumavirira kumhenderekedzo yekumhenderekedzo yegungwa kunotonhora pasina magetsi. Kubva kumabvazuva, Australia inoshambidzwa nemakungwa eCoral naTasman, ruzivo rwaro runosanganisira mabhesheni akadzika. Pakati pezvitsuwa zvechiwikidzi kune zvigaro. Kunaya kwavo kunogona kusvika makiromita gumi.

Tinoramba tichikurukurirana pamusoro pekondinendi yakafanana neAustralia. Mamiriro ekunze, mamiriro okunze uye nzvimbo dzekondinendi iyi tichakurukura zvakare.

Subequatorial nemamiriro ekunze

Mutsara wemamiriro emamiriro okunze anofukidza kumusoro nekuchamhembe-kumabvazuva. Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro pemabhandi umo Australia iripo, mhepo inosangana neyekudzivirira inofanira kutanga inotaurirwa pamwe chete nemamiriro ekunze uye anogara pasi. Iyi nharaunda inosiyaniswa nediki shoma hwekupisa kwegore negore uye zvinoshamisa zvemvura, dzimwe nguva inosvika ma2 millimita. Vanowedzerwa pasi nemhepo inonzi monsoon. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvose zvinoitika muzhizha. Mumwaka wechando, mhepo inooma, mhepo inopisa inobva ku continent iri kuputika, dzimwe nguva inogona kutungamirira kumvura.

Tropical climate

Kupindura mubvunzo, umo mamiriro okunze eAustralia aripo, usakanganwa pamusoro pemutsara uyu. Kunyanya pamusoro penyika iyo inoratidzirwa mumhando mbiri. Mhepo inotonhorera yemamiriro okunze inotonhorera inosiyaniswa nechokumabvazuva kwakadzika chikamu, icho chakakanganiswa nemhepo yekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Mhepo inofambisa mhepo inotakura mashizha emhepo yePacific Ocean kusvika kumhenderekedzo yepasi, inodiridza pasi zvakakwana. Paavhareji, kusvikira 1500 millimeters yemvura inowira pano. Mwedzi unotonhora une kutonhora kwemadhigiri makumi maviri nemashanu, uye inotonhora ndeye gumi nematatu.

Kusarudza kuti mamiriro okunze ekuAustralia aripo, hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pemigumisiro yekusunungurwa - nokuda kweGreat Dividing Range mashizha emhepo akaoma kupinda, saka kune kunaya kunowira kune kumadokero kumapani uye kumakomo. Pakati nepakati kumavirazuva irenje kunotonhora mamiriro okunze pamwe nekukwirira kwemazhizha ezhizha makumi matatu emadhora uye panguva imwe chete yechando sezvakangoita yekare. Chii chiri mamiriro ekunze muAustralia munzvimbo yerenje? Kune nzvimbo inopisa. Munharaunda yeguta rinonzi Alice Springs, kutonhora kwezuva rezhizha kunogona kukwira kusvika kune makumi mana nemashanu, uye kuwira usiku pasi pe zero. Iyi nharaunda inogamuchira mamita mazana matatu emvura inonaya gore. Dzimwe nguva mvura inogona kunge isina makore akawanda.

Inzvimbo yakasvibirira

Inzvimbo dzemuAfrica dzinoparadzaniswa zvikamu zvitatu-Mediterranean, humid uye continental. Yokutanga ndiyo yekumaodzanyemba-kumadokero. Izvo, sezvazviri pachena kubva kune zita, yakafanana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika dzeEurope - France neSpain. Mhepo yeMediterranean inoratidzwa nemvura inopisa uye yakaoma. Zima pano inonaya uye inodziya. Kukura kwegore negore kwemazinga echando kunzvimbo yakadzika: kubva kune +23 degrees munaJanuary uye kusvika +12 muna June. Mvura inonaya kusvika kune chiuru chemamiriyoni. Mune kondinendi yemamiriro ekunze, New South Wales neAdelaide zviripo. Izvo zvikamu zvakanyanya zvenzvimbo iyi ndezvishoma zvishoma uye kunoshamisa kwekushanduka kwekushanduka kwegore. Pakupedzisira, mamiriro ekunze ane mvura yakasvibirira ndiwo maitiro eVictoria uye kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwezvikomo. Mamiriro okunze asina kunaka aripo pano nemvura zhinji. Muzhizha, kutonhora kunosvika +24, uye nechando kunowira kusvika kune 15 degrees. Nzvimbo dzomunharaunda dzakakosha pakusima miriwo nemichero, kudya mombe yemombe kana makwai.

Iye zvino iwe unoziva mune zvikamu zvipi zvemukemikari iyo mainland Australia iripo, uye iwe unogona kuteerera kune mamwe mashoko.

Nharaunda yedenga uye semasango

Mukuwedzera kune mamiriro ekunze, zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinhu izvi zvakasikwa. Mamiriro okunze umo Australia iripo inobatawo nzvimbo idzi. Nokudaro, imwe yenzvimbo dzinowanikwa yakawanda ndiyo masango uye masikati-masango anoenderana nechokumaodzanyemba kwekondinendi. Kupisa mumuviri kunotungamirira kune chitarisiko chekununurwa kumwe. Iyi nzvimbo yakasiyana nemasango akadai seBig Sand, Simpson, Greater Victoria. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekushisa kwakanyanya panguva yemasikati uye inogona kunge yakazara frosts usiku. Misiyano pakati pemasango eAustralia nevamwe vakawanda inoratidzira kuti kune huno hwakakwana kune zvimwe zvinomera. Nyama inoshaya. Munharaunda yemagwenga nemasango-masango kune maantepepe, marsupials, hyenas, makava. Kukurira zvakasiyana-siyana zvejerboa uye gerbils, pamwe chete nemhuka dzinokambaira. Mune jecha rakagadzika rinogara nhamba yakawanda yezvipfuwo kupfuura munzvimbo yematombo.

Equatorial forest zone

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, umo mamiriro ekunze kweAustralia aripo, inobatanidzawo nzvimbo dzepanyika dzakasangana pano. Inzvimbo yakadzika inofanirwa nemasango emvura inowanika kumhenderekedzo yekumabvazuva kweAustralia. Kuti ivake ndima yakadaro, kunaya kwepamusoro uye kudonha muhuwandu hwemapirogiramu anopfuura zviuru zviviri pagore inodiwa. Kupisa kunopisa kunopfuura madigiri makumi maviri, uye mvura yakadaro inopa mvura inopisa. Munharaunda iyi mune maverengi akawanda emiti uye ine yepamusoro inosvika mamita makumi mana. Eucalyptus yeAustralia inogona kusvika kunyange zana! Zvirimwa zvemasango akadaro zvine mashizha makuru kwazvo anoramba ari gorosi gore rose. Pano tinorarama zvakasiyana siyana nyoka, matatya, spiders, lizards uye zvipembenene. Mhuka dzinowanzosiyana mune zviduku zvishoma (somuenzaniso, koalas). Ikoko kunewo mbongoro. Mhuka huru dzaisagona kufamba mumvura yakadzika kana yepamusoro yenzvimbo yakadaro, yakazara namatavi akareba, mashizha makuru nemiti huru yemiti.

Savannah Zone

Nharaunda iyo nyika yeAustralia inowanikwa munzvimbo dzekudenga inobvumira kuti ive yakasiyana nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, sandstone savannah, iri kuchamhembe, inorudzi rwekukohwa kwechisikigo. Ikozvino kubva kumakomo ehova mafashamo iyi nzvimbo, semugumisiro wekuti mvura yakawanda yemafashamo inogadzirwa iri kuve yakagadzirwa. Saka kune savanna ine mvura ine kuiswa kwemasango emvura uye zviduku. Pano inokura huzhinji hweuswa uye shrub. Kuziva mune mamiriro ekunze enyika iyo mainland Australia iripo, munhu haagoni kushamiswa nemhando yakasiyana. Zvisinei, paki yenyika inozivikanwa pasi rese pasi pezita rokuti "Kakadu" ichiri kusakwanisa kutarisa. Iyi inzvimbo inonakidza nemhandara nzvimbo yezvinomera.