Chii chinonzi moss chakasiyana nezvinoitwa algae. Species character

Zita remassie uye zvinyorwa, zvinoratidzika zvekugadzirisa kwavo uye hutano hwemahutu dzinozivikanwa kuva masayendisiti kwenguva refu. Mukuonekwa, izvi zvinomera zvakafanana. Zvisinei, ivo ndivo vamiririri vezvikwata zvakasiyana zvakasiyana-siyana. Muchikamu chino tichatarisa kuti moss yakasiyana sei neAlgae.

Urongwa hwezvirimwa

Izvo chete zvisingasviki zvirimwa mumasikirwo! Inongobatsira zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa: algae, mosses, ferns, gymnosperms, maruva ... Total uye kwete kunyora. Zvisinei, vatongi vakazobudirira mukubatanidza mumapoka akasiyana-siyana pamusana pegadziriro yezvinhu zvinokosha zvegadziriro.

Kuenzanisa kwemasses uye algae

Sei massie, ferns, algae, lichens inomera? Zvose izvi zvipenyu zvinokwanisa kupikisa mapikicha, sezvo ane ma chloroplast mumasero emapurasitiki. Vakawanda kwazvo vanogara mumvura. Izvi ndezvenharaunda, iyo iboka rezvidimbu zvakasimwa. Mhepo inofananidzira vagari venyika. Zvisinei, kubereka kwavo kunobvira chete muhupo hwemvura. Saka, vanosarudza nzvimbo dzakaoma.

Kunze, zvinyorwa uye massie zvakafanana. Saka, vanowanzovhiringidzika. Hasi dzose dzega dzinokura mumvura chete. Vamwe vavo vanogara pamatanda emiti, nzvimbo dzine mabwe, nzvimbo dzakasviba dzevhu, pamusoro pechando, mune bvudzi remhuka. Dzinoumba chifukidzo chinopfurikidza chebhuruki, sebryophytes. Bhuruu-ruvara rwegorosi inokwanisa kupinda mu symbiosis ne hyphae ye fungus, ichiumba lichens.

Mifananidzo yezvirimwa zvishoma

Algae inonzi yakaderera, nokuti muviri wavo ichitsva chemasero (hapana kupatsanurwa mumudzi we stem uye mashizha). Inonzi kuora, thallus kana thallus. Algae masero haana kunyanya kuzivikanwa. Izvo zvakabatanidzwa chimiro, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo anoita mabasa akafanana. Nebatsiro reRhizoids, algae inonamatira kune substrate. Iri sarudzo haisiwo maitiro, naizvozvo haikwanisi kuita basa rinotungamirira. Uye hapana chikonzero chazvo, sezvo dzezasi dzichikura mumvura chete.

Zvitubu zveporesi yakakwirira - vanhu vari pasi

Pamusana pekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, mbeu dzaifanira kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika. Vamiririri vokutanga veboka iri rezvakasikwa vakamuka muDevonian. Iri iboka remiti inopera, inonzi rhyniophytes. Zvinyorwa zvavo zvakachengetedzwa zvakachengetwa mumafossil akare. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga mbeu inoshandiswa mativi ekutengesa. Saka, inonziwo vascular. Miti yavo yakasungirirwa yakagadziriswa, uye panzvimbo yemidzi, rhizoids yakasara.

Munzvimbo ye rhinophytes yakauya mumasses. Parizvino, inhamba inenge zviuru gumi zvemarudzi. Misiyano pakati pemasisita nemagariro haisi muhugaro chete. Upenyu hwavo mumamiriro ezvinhu epanyika hwakagoneka nekuda kwekunyanya kunetseka kwechimiro. Vakawanda vemasasa vane chimiro chekuvaka mashizha. Muchiitiko ichi, rhizoids inoramba iri muupenyu hwavo.

Maitiro emasasa

Ndechipi musiyano pakati pemasisita nemagariro? Muzvirimwa zveporesi, kuchinja kwezvizvarwa kunoonekwa muhupenyu hwehupenyu. Regai tiongorore nzira iyi tichishandisa muenzaniso wevaya vanomiririra mumiririku kukushkin tambo. Chizvarwa chake chepabonde chinoratidzika segoroti. Kuratidzwa, inofanana nemamwe marudzi e algae.

Kana iwe ukatarisa zvakanyanya, chifukidzo chine ruvara chinoumbwa nemunhu mumwechete akadzikisa nemasikari mashizha. Pakupera kwezhizha kapule pachigadziko inoumbwa pamusoro wayo. Ichi chizvarwa chisina zvepabonde is sporophyte. Chimiro chebhokisi chinoratidzika secuckoo. Nokudaro zita rechimiro ichi.

Mubhokisi, masero e-asexual reproduction mature - spores. Kana yakabikwa vanowana kurara zvakakwana muvhu uye vanowedzera. Kubva pakakakavadzana, mashizha mashizha mashizha anoputika zvakare kukura. Vanogadzira nhengo dzekuita zvepabonde - gametangia. Zvepabonde masero, oocytes uye spermatozoa, vakakura mukati mavo. Mukuvapo kwemvura, vanobatana, zvichiita kuti zygote. Kubva pairi inokura sporophyte. Nokudaro, muhupenyu hupenyu hwebryophytes, chizvarwa chepabonde chinowedzera.

Mhando dzemiti: algae, mosses

Sezvo vagari vese vakaonekwa pasi pano kare kare, maitiro avo akawanda zvikuru. Izvi hazvibvumiri kuti mbeu idzi dzidzidze nzvimbo itsva. Kuti unzwisise kuti moss yakasiyana neapi algae, zvakakosha kufunga nezvezvinhu zvekusangana kwavo uye nzira dzehupenyu.

Ngatitangei nekutanga kwemuviri. Zvose zvinokonzerwa nemarudzi akawanda. Pakati pezvinyorwa kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, chlamydomonas uye chlorella vane unicellular. Volvox is alga colonial. Inoumbwa neboka remasero akabatanidzwa nehomwe imwe. Zvimwe zvakaoma ndizvo thalli ye chlorella, spirogyra, laminaria, sargassum. Izvo zvose zvinongoraridzika.

Zvinhu zvizhinji zvekusiyana kunogona kuwanika muhupenyu hwezvipenyu izvi. Vose massie uye algae vanogona kuita zvepabonde. Asi mune zvekupedzisira, izvi zvinowanikwa pasi pemamiriro asina kunaka. Uyu ndiwo rudzi rwekuchengetedzwa kweAlgae. Semuenzaniso, nekunonoka kwekudziya kwemvura kana kuomeswa kunze kwegungwa, amai vesero re chlamydomonas vanoumba gametes.

Vanoenda kumvura uye vanobatana vari vaviri. Somugumisiro, zygote inoumbwa - mazai anogadzirwa. Iyo yakafukidzwa nehombodo yakaoma, iyo inokubvumira kuti uitakure uye kusviba, uye kuoma. Kana zvinhu zvakanaka zvichiitika, zvinyorwa zve zygote zvakapatsanurwa, zvichiita kuti zvifambise masero emasero easexual reproduction - zoospores. Vanowedzera muhukuru uye vanowana zvinhu zvevanhu vakuru.

Nokudaro, munyaya ino takaongorora kuti moss yakasiyana nea algae. Zvinhu zvakanyanya zvinotevera ndezvizvi:

• Algae miti yakakura yakatanga mumvura.
• Mosses - vanhu vokutanga panyika.
• Algae inogona kuva mono- uye multicellular. Iko kunewo mafomu emakoloni.
• Zvose zvinokonzera michina yakawanda, iyo muviri wayo ine shati yekuvaka mashizha.
• Munharaunda, varume nevakadzi, vanhu vanonzi sporophyte uye gametophyte havasi kunze zvakasiyana. Uye mussie angangodaro akasiyana-siyana mumagariro avo.
• Algae inogona kuwedzera nezvikamu zve thallus. Misasa haikwanisi kubereka mbeu.