Kukushkin Mufurakisi: marongerwo uye kubereka

Kukushkin Mufurakisi - muti uri mundima Russian Federation chinonyanya chakajairika mumasango zvisungo kuchamhembe uye pakati. Akanaka ezvinhu nokuti kuvapo boreal doro-dolgomoshnikah masango, marshes uye nyoro Mafuro. Chirimwa ndohwaJehovha genus pamusoro Moss, kusvikira weDhipatimendi bryophytes. On nyika akawanikwa pamusoro zana mhando yayo. Kukushkin furakisi, iyo inowanikwa iri pincushion turf, kazhinji rinowanikwa achinaya mvura uye munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Yainyanya kushandiswa Kishi nyika yakanga (zita wechipiri chirimwa) munhuwo politrihum.

Great kukosha kwezuva

Kukushkin Mufurakisi zvikuru kwazvo chiedza. Ndokusaka murima spruce masango, kunyange kana ivhu nyoro uye yakaorera ikoko, chichagamuchirwa zvakawanda kukura. Kana yakawanda chezuva yakakwana chirimwa yava rwakatambanudzwa, kushingaira kuparadzira kunzvimbo itsva uye nokuvhara rizere kapeti ivhu. Land pasi Kukushkin Mufurakisi unoomesa zvishoma nezvishoma, ndokusaka kwayo ukatambararira zvishoma nezvishoma kunounza waterlogging nzvimbo.

tsananguro

Moss Kukushkin Mufurakisi ane panzvimbo varefu madzinde (pakureba kwavo - 10-15 cm asi panewo sorokasantimetrovye zvirimwa). A conductive hurongwa kunopa kufamba mumvura uye zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza kwedzinde.

Origin of zita

Zvinorondedzerwa chirimwa haana kururamiswa madzinde brownish ruvara. Ndivo mashizha maduku vari rima mutema mu ruvara, iro patakafanana vakasiyana neshinda. Asi mabhokisi kuti aonekwa hadzi zvinomera, kumutsa shamwari pamwe neshiri yegungwa, riri pamusoro mhando danda.

Mamiriro Kukushkin Mufurakisi

Vaiona chirimwa ndohwaJehovha kwemakore akawanda vachiwaridza mosses. miganhu yacho vari guru, muna yepazasi chikamu hunde vari rhizoids - chinyakare mudzi analogues. In chinonyanya chinjikira hunde mashizha kwete. Secondary hunde anogona kuva nyore kana mapazi. Ndiye tote, svikiro kureba - mukati gumi masendimita. Pepa roga ane huru huru tsinga. Kukushkin furakisi, inova nyore chimiro, ane chikero-kufanana ezasi mashizha.

hunde basa

The chikuru kunoita chikamu chino chirimwa - kubereka. Zvakafanana rinokosha mano kuitisa hunde. It anoita somunhu mutauri pakati mashizha uye midzi. Hunde anoita zvimwe yechipiri mabasa. Pakati pavo - ndichengetedze chengetedza muviri.

Kubereka uye kubudirira

Chirimwa pakanyenga nenzira dzinotevera: pabonde (gametes) uye asexually (spores, inomera). Ivo chinjana.

Sezvazvakanyorwa Anowanza Kukushkin Mufurakisi? Spores iyo unoumba muti vari sporangia (bhokisi) pamusoro gumbo. Mushure kuibvisa vari akadurura kubva ichi dzinongoitika chitoro. Under akanaka ezvinhu, chimiro spores zvipuka zvine masero akawanda shinda, uye kwazviri, akavapindurawo, rinowanika zvishoma gametophytes (ichi kunoitika kuburikidza yotunga). Gametophyte vaiona mitema makore Tiza une mashizha uye rhizoids (kornepodobnye inotungamirwa). The wokupedzisira kutora ivhu munyu uye ayodhini. Shizha masero zvinopa kwetunhu ose zvimwe zvakakodzera zvinhu. On hwaro ichi, zvinganzi vakati gametophyte ndiwo yakazvimirira muviri.

Pashure pechinguvana gametophyte rinomira kukura kwavo. Zvadaro anotanga Kukushkin neshinda maberekero. Pakati shizha rosette (nzvimbo - pamusoro hunde) kuva mukono nehadzi pabonde nhengo. First akapa antheridia (zita rinobva mushoko rechiGiriki "Anteros", iro rinoreva "vachiita"), zvinova kukura kutenderera zvinofamba gametes - dzisingaoneki uye archegonium - munhukadzi pabonde nhengo kuti vane basa paumbwe imwe wakaiswa hadzi gametes - zai.

Male zvirimwa dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo makuru mashizha, dzakapendwa mu tsvuku-mashava ruvara. Female specimens nemashizha vane.

Pamusoro panowanikwa yokunaya kana mafashamo spermatozoa (masero makono) vanokwanisa kushambira kuti zai. Somugumisiro, havana coalesce. Panopera kwacho wekusangana ari zygote rinowanika (shoko rinobva Greek "zigotos", iro rinoshandurudza se "kwakabatana"). Ndiwo Danho rokutanga mudumbu kukura. Gore rakatevera, kubva nembeu zygote iri kukura bhokisi (sporogonia), riri pamusoro zvakarurama munhu dzinde refu pasina mashizha. bhokisi akazotevera anova nzvimbo nenharo. Zviri muropa chekuchengeta iri kusimba chaizvo. Kunyange swinging ari kamhepo. Mushure kuora ari chivharo uye kurasikirwa zvakasvibirira spore kumera vakachengeta rakakura shinda - predrostka. Cherechedza kuti abudirire mugumisiro zvakafanira kuti spores mapinda yakanaka zvakatipoteredza kwavari, muchiitiko ichi, chinoitika kubereka Kukushkin neshinda.

On predrostke vakaumba namabukira, izvo pane vechirume specimens zvinomera. Saka, tinogona kuona kuti ichitanga mosses upenyu hunosanganisira kutsivana asexual uye zvepabonde zvizvarwa. Panguva shanduka chikamu ichi ndiko kutanga miti yakawanda, kusanganisira neshinda uye Kukushkin.

Kubereka iyi mhando chikwindi vegetatively zvinoita nyore kuwana gobvu mitema makapeti pamusoro rangano. Imi chete akaisa diki nhindi chikwindi pamusoro nyorova nzvimbo. Zvisinei, munhu anofanira kufungawo mano miti waterlogging nzvimbo dzinogarisana.

Kushandisa siyana zvinangwa

Kana kubvisa mashizha vane Kukushkin furakisi, unogona kuwana Usazviomesera vanachandagwinyira filaments inoumbwa musimboti madzinde. Madzibaba edu akashandisa dzinongoitika zvinhu nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi brushes uye mabhurumu. Mushure soaking uye scratching madzinde akava rakanakisisa hwaro nepanhovo, rugs, mabhasikiti, uye kudzima magetsi, somuenzaniso namachira. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti munguva kupikidura of Early Roman Fort muEngland zvakasara, matengu zvakasikwa kubva Kukushkin neshinda zvakawanikwa. Products yomusi 86 gore AD.

Pakuvamba Kukushkin Mufurakisi iri zvinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu raincoats masoja uye vaifamba. The zvichiguma nguo kuzivikanwa zvikuru simba. Mukuwedzera, vaiva decoration ukoshi.

Varapi zano kushandisa ichi mhando chikwindi nokuda revitalization ari zvomudumbu ezvinhu, kubvisa mudumbu chinyamunhari chinorwadza nokusunungura itsvo matombo uye nenduru dundira.

Kukushkin neshinda sechivako zvinogona kushandiswa horticulture kuti kushongedza, kunobatsirawo ivhu. Saka, chirimwa ichi inogona kutungamirira indices zvevhu acidity yevanhu vaifanira mwaka miviri. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru remediation pamusoro nevhu kunogona zvinobudirira kukura chero mubindu miti. Dead zvikamu Moss kushumira shasha fetiraiza.

Chinonyanya chechienzi chikumbiro Kukushkin Mufurakisi musimboti - sezvo ari kugadzirwa mumera whiskey.

rwokuzvarwa kuputira

Kukushkin neshinda anogona kudzivirira nemamiriro pamusoro kupinda kuti chando uye mwando zvinobudirira. Zvikuru chaizvo chokwadi kuti chikwindi haadi kuora. Akariyanika pakati matanda cherogi achibvumira dzinongoitika kufefetedza. Kuti izvi zviitike, chikwindi inoshandiswa matsva chimiro. Asati nokuisa rwokuzvarwa kuputira anofanira zvakasimba kucheneswa kubva manyoro, tumiti, pasikweya, uswa nezvimwe inclusions.

sphagnum Moss

chirimwa ichi runobva kuna genus chena (peat) mosses. Dzinounzwa 320 zvipenyu ayo. Sphagnum Moss deveteve dzinowanzotsigi- anomiririrwa kuti chimiro gobvu masumbu, pova guru nezvifukidzo kana gobvu rugs mu sphagnum bogs. Asi mumasango nyorovera vari ndoda kunoenda sphagnum. Kukushkin Mufurakisi iri chirimwa anoyeuchidza ake twasu hunde, richisvika gumi kusvika makumi maviri masendimita kureba. Kunosiya sphagnum unilamellar, akaisa pamusoro bunchy iri mapazi. The mashizha ane mvura yakawanda inobereka masero pamwe pores, nokushingaira absorbs mvura. Chokwadi ichi chinoita kuti mukuru mvura vanokwanisa hwomuti. Munzvimbo pane mosses, kukurumidza kukura bogs.

Gore negore pane unooma ari dzakanzi mujinga pasi chirimwa. Vanoumba peat. Uyezve kukura kuri apical mapazi hunde.

Cherechedza kuti sphagnum basa rinokosha pakugadzirwa uye kuvapo marshes. Sezvinoratidzwa kumusoro, vakafa nzvimbo vakaumba chikwindi peat deposits. Peat inotungamirwa zvinogoneka nokuda mira waterlogged, chikwindi anopa acidic ezvinhu uye kushaya okisijeni. Under izvi ezvinhu, kuora pezvakaitwa regai kuitika, sphagnum hazvirevi anoora. Peat chibereko chinokosha, umo wakisi, amoniya, Paraffin, doro, t. D. Vakawanda kushandiswa okurapa pakuvaka. Moss anoita sezvo biofuels uye inoshanda fetiraiza.

Zvechokwadi sphagnum?

Vazhinji Recipes acho uye mushonga mukuru zvinosanganisira chikamu ichi. Uye zvose nokuti sphagnum chikwindi - guru akambozvishandisa kuuraya utachiona uye yakavimbika kupfeka. Zvinobatsira kurapa Maronda ari Kuwedzera Kushata nokuda kukwanisa kwayo kupinza yakawanda unyoro. Maererano ichi paakati sphagnum runopfuura akanakisisa mhando absorbent donje. Moss Izvi kubereka bactericidal zvazviri nokuda pamberi sfagnola - fenolopodobnogo chaiyo zvinhu tunodzivisa kukura uye upenyu basa Escherichia coli coli, Vibrio cholerae, anonzi Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella nevamwe pathogenic tusingaoneki.

Vachengeti vari kushingaira kushandisa sphagnum nechinangwa kukura kuchengeta maruva anosimwa mumba. Zviri chezvinonhuwira ari substrate, mulching rukoko kana anoita abudise chaitika. Moss asina kupfuma mune zvinovaka muviri, asi kunoita pasi looseness kunodiwa. Excellent hygroscopic Sphagnum nokuda kukwanisa kwayo kuparadzira mwando zvakaenzana. Kuvapo sfagnola kunokonzera bactericidal ehupfumi zvipenyu iyi chikwindi kuti zvinobudirira kunogona kutarisira midzi huru chirimwa kutadzisa kukura chirwere uye kuora.