Natural uye chakagadzirwa madziva ari Krasnodar Territory. Shandisa uye kudzivirira mvura miviri Krasnodar Territory

Krasnodar nharaunda inyaya yeRussian Federation kubva 1937. It riri zasi-kumadokero renyika uye chikamu Southern Federal District.

mhando mvura mitumbi

Kuti zvakaitika rondedzero kwemvura miganhu vamapoka yeRussian Federation, zvakakodzera kujekesa kuti vanzwisise. Muviri mvura - iri pfupi kana zvechigarire kuunganidza mvura, mira kana akaderedza eko dzinongoitika kana chakagadzirwa dzegirini. To mumakungwa uye nyanza, izwi iri zvinoshandawo, asi pane zvimwewo mupfungwa. Temporary anogona kunzi oxbows uye marshes, kureva vaya gidroobekty kuti kuitika dzimwe nguva yegore, kazhinji pane chitubu uye kwematsutso nenzizi.

kumucheto mvura mitumbi

Pakazosvika kuramba vanovengwa ichi mhando zvinosanganisira makungwa, madziva, reservoirs uye madziva yakananga Krasnodar Krai - estuaries. Mvura rakakamurwa chakagadzirwa dzinongoitika. Aimbova zvinosanganisira reservoirs, madhamu, madziva uye kushambira madziva.

Zvose pamusoro anowanikwa ari gidroobekty Kuban, akawanda izvo anotora Krasnodar nharaunda. Kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero kumucheto nzvimbo yasukwa ne Black uye Azov Seas, ukuwo. Zviri chikuru chaivo reservoirs of Krasnodar Territory.

Sea Krasnodar Territory

Inoganhurana Gungwa Black nharaunda kubva Psou River, kushumira nomuganhu Abkhazia kuna Cape Tuzla. Kerch akakamanikana chinobatanidza kuti Gungwa Azov, iyo nzvimbo iri 11 nguva muduku Sea Black. Azov Sea - zviduku gungwa Russia. Kare rakatumidzwa Maeotis doro.

reservoirs ava Krasnodar nharaunda dzakasiyana chaizvo mumwe. Saka, mukuru udzamu kweGungwa Dema ndiye 2210 (2245) metres, ukuwo Azov - 14. chete The mvura muvhu iri wakawanda chaizvo uye asingasviki 200 metres nomuti rehydrogen sulphide, nepo yechipiri iri dzinongoitika Dam, desalinate nzizi huru - the Don uye Kuban, munyu rine zvishoma. Black Sea kumahombekombe, akafukidza zvikurukuru hurungudo, ukuwo Azov - goko dombo uye jecha. Uye kana muGungwa Dema unowanikwa kusvika 180 mhando hove, 40 zvacho ezvokutengeserana, ari Azov, kusvikira ichangopfuura, yakanga kazhinji vaiona vakapfuma hove mumatanda munyika.

Kudeuka Freshwater nyanza

Kuwedzera makungwa kusvika kupfuura dzinongoitika madhamu vari gidroobektam. Abrau Kardyvach uye Psenodah - mvura yakachena Krasnodar nharaunda iyi mhando. Kudeuka Freshwater nyanza zvikasabudiswa Krasnodar Krai Abrau Dam iri chete kweItari (Abrausky), 14 km kubva Novorossiysk. Pond, zvechokwadi chikuru - kureba kwarwo 3100 metres, upamhi - 630. The udzamu mune dzimwe nzvimbo inosvikira 11 mamita. nzvimbo Mirror ndiye 0,6 mativi makiromita. About kwayakatangira masayendisiti nharo - munhu anofunga karst wake, mumwe munhu - aumba somugumisiro wacho mhoromhokwa. Pane mazano kuti gungwa vakasara yekare Cimmerian Freshwater dziva. Dziva zvikuru akachena, sezvinoratidzwa vakawanda magakanje pamahombekombe. Kunze izvi, unowanikwa pano uye abrau sprat. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, akadzivira gungwa uye mainozonodira payo, mumwe chete rwizi - Durso, uyewo hova dzakawanda gomo. Asi, pasina yepanyama eko, gungwa shoal. Dzisinganyudze uye silts, pasinei matanho akatorwa. Next pazviri panova Dolphin mudziva, ane udzamu ari 7 mamita. Zvinonzi dzakashandisa kushanda mhuka zvomumvura - dzinovakwa dolphinarium.

mazita zvinonakidza

Zita Krasnodar Territory pakati reservoirs, mumwe nomumwe wavo rinonzwika akanaka chaizvo uye asinganzwisisiki uye kazhinji yakafukidzwa dzimwe tsanangudzo. Lake Abrau uye runoyerera murwizi Durso payo, vakabatana muzita weruwa kumaruwa kuti chokuita yezvechitendero akanaka pamusoro vasingafari rudo. Uye zita chechipiri pakukura dura Krasnodar Region, Lake Kardyvach, rakashandurwa kubva mutauro Abaza se "ari kundoongororwa iri mumupata."

nyanza Kardyvach

All Mvura Krasnodar Territory yakanaka Kardyvach kazhinji vachinzi dziva zviroto. Zvayaiva 44? Km kubva nyika yakakurumbira dzisina pamusoro Krasnaya Polyana zvino riri imwe kukwira pamusoro 1838 metres pamusoro pegungwa, izvi anenge dzose denderedzwa dziva riri kufarira nzvimbo revashanyi uye chikamu Biosphere Reserve. gungwa anowanzodanwa girazi - mairi, pamwechete mahombekombe akanaka, chando-dzavhara nenhongonya gomo zvinoratidzwa.

Kunomeresa kubva kurwizi Mzimta ndiye wakarebesa nzizi dzose uye nehova inoyerera muGungwa Dema. nyanza kureba 500 metres, upamhi - 360, kudzama - 17 mamita. Zvinofanira akawedzera kuti gungwa riri kumaodzanyemba kwenzvimbo yakatenuka Mukuru Caucasus wemakomo eJudhiya, anochinja ruvara - kubva girini mupfumvudza kuti rakajeka zhizha rwebhuruu.

nyanza Psenodah

Rechitatu pakukura riri imwe kukwira dzinopfuura 1,900 metres kweLake Lago-Naki rwenze - Psenodah. An dzinonakidza chimiro kwegungwa - afanane kunyemwerera. Anodiridza kudzika - kwete mita vanopfuura mumwe (kupfuura kudzika rinosvika 3 m). mudziva nguva nenguva, uye kakawanda pasina chikonzero, izvozvo haazombotaurwi uye ipapo Sezvineiwo anoonekazve. Uye kana iri uye uzere mvura, ndiko zvinoshamisa yakanaka kuona - rakombwa Mafuro uye nenzwi nenhongonya gomo, izere pachena uye yakachena mvura.

Other madhamu Krasnodar Territory

Kune munyu makungwa, iyo yakaumbwa somugumisiro alluvial mugodhi akaparadzanisa mvura kubva mugungwa, pedyo Black uye Azov makungwa. Kurapa tsvina iri makungwa akadai Hanski, uye Golubickaya roMunyu, Chemburka Sudzhukskaya uye anoshandiswa mukurapa zvinangwa. Chete wakawanda nyanza ne kuporesa madhaka riri inowanzorimwa mapazi - pedyo Armavir Ubezhenskih pane madhamu maviri - zviduku.

Kune mamwe madziva, kufanana Old Kuban, iyo yakaumbwa kubva kare pamubhedha rwizi Kuban. Sezvineiwo izvozvo ndechokuti mvura yaro inoshandiswa kutonhora zviri Krasnodar CHP. Uye kurishandisa hove kurima, uye pamisi ichangobva kupfuura, kuzvivaraidza zvinangwa (swimming uye kuzvivaraidza hove).

Limani

Natural reservoirs pamusoro Krasnodar dunhu - asiwo siyana rwokuzvarwa the lagoon uye mafashamo reservoirs, inonzi estuaries. Vari riri pamuromo Kuban River uye ndokwenguva nzvimbo 1,300 mativi mamita. ? km. udzamu wavo zvichisiyana 0.5 kusvika 2.5 metres. Ivo rakauya pamusana dzinotsanagura inotungamirwa pa nzvimbo apo panopinda rwizi Delta. Zvino somugumisiro dzidzo Rakushechnaya mhotsi dzangu kuti akakombwa kure apo panopinda kubva mumakungwa - Black uye Azov. Vakawanda vavo - pazasi mimwe mazita mvura miviri Krasnodar Territory. Limani Akhtanizovskaya uye Kiziltashsky, Yeisk, Beysugsky Kirpilsky uye hwagara kuonekwa chikuru. The hondo yose estuaries Kuban rakakamurwa zvitatu hurongwa - Taman, Central uye Ahtarsk-Grivenskuyu. Ivo kubatanidza sezvinoita the lagoon riri pedyo negungwa estuaries uye floodplain - kure nayo. Pane mudunhu, uye marshes.

reservoirs

Chakagadzirwa madziva Krasnodar mudunhu anomirirwa anotevera reservoirs - Atakayskim uye Varnavinsky, Krasnodar uye Kryukovskaya, Neverdjayevskaya uye Shapsugsky.

reservoirs 10 chete dziri muna bheseni pakati Kuban muna Krasnodar Territory. The Kudeuka kwete chete munzvimbo asi yose North Caucasus ndiye Krasnodar Dam, akazara chose nemvura uye aiswe kushanda muna 1975. It rwakamedzwa pano ambotaurwa Tschikskoe Dam. Chinangwa chacho inotungamirwa rakanga mafashamo rokudzora nomurwizi Kuban (nayo muchaerera inflows dzakadai White Kuban, Pshish, Marita, Apchas, Shunduk, Psekups) uye mupunga kurimwa.

Protection uye kushandisa

Shandisa uye kudzivirira mvura miviri Krasnodar Territory akabata mabasa mumadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana. Saka, dura inoshandiswa kuramba runodiwa mvura pamwero wekushandisa zvinhu. madziva All, kunze munyu, kushandiswa kudiridza pamwe kukwana mwando nharaunda, nechokwadi sevamwe minda kudiridzwa, kusanganisira mupunga.

Tiri kuramba vachiongorora mamiriro mvura mitumbi mugadziriro, umo utsanana uye epidemiological achitarisirwa uye kuongorora. Mamiriro mvura yepamusoro iri kuchengetwa pana 297 zvakabudiswa pfungwa. 42 dziri mumvura I chikamu (mumhuri mvura), 136 - II chikamu (kushambira, mutambo, paruzhinji mazororo), 119 - III (fishery) muchikwata. Kubva May 15 kusvika kumagumo zhizha yezororo yakagadzirwa ose mazuva gumi rabhoritari zvichiongororwa mvura yepamusoro. The zvachose tsananguro basa nevanhu vanogara pamusoro inadmissibility yakasviba mvura.

zvakaipa zvakatipoteredza

Ecological mamiriro kwemvura miviri Krasnodar Territory kunotemwa pahwaro ruzivo vakawana masimba miviri. Zvinogona kudonongodzwa kuti zvinetso kumucheto madziva zviwande. Izvi zvinosanganisira Kuparadzwa mumatanda hove, kudzikisirana kwemvura miviri - shallowing, siltation, overgrowth estuaries, waterlogging. Coastal kukurwa kwevhu, mumaguta discharges wairambidza mvura, kusvibiswa zvakatipoteredza chepfu nemaindasitiri uye radioactive kusvibiswa ndima uye zvimwe kunyange kunoguma asidhi mvura. The shanduko mukuru Krasnodar nharaunda kwakaitika somugumisiro mvura uye namakemikari reclamation, yakanga inokanganisa ivhu ezvinhu - nokuti ayo glut anosvika 50% kwemakemikari fetiraiza kushambidzwa mumiviri dzemvura, vakakoniwa asi kutungamirira ngozi zvabuda.