Vakatenda Vatendi: Ndivanaani vanopesana kana heroes?

Zvechokwadi, vazhinji vedu takanzwa nezveVatendi Vakatenda. Vanotaura kakawanda pamusoro pavo mumabhuku uye nhau. Zvichida hurukuro yepa cinematic yakajeka pamusoro pavo inowanikwa mune epic inotungamirirwa naAlexander Proshkin "Mikhailo Lomonosov", apo zviitiko zvemakore iwayo zvinorondedzerwa zvakajeka uye zvechokwadi. Asi vanhu vose vanoziva here kuti nei Vatendi vekare vaonekwa, kana, sezvavanonziwo, vekare vevatendi? Ndivana ani?

Mhemberero dzeVatendi Vakare

Kare kare, muna 1650, Patriarch Nikon, uyo achitarisira Chechi yeRussia, akagamuchira kuchinja mumitambo yakagamuchirwa panguva iyoyo muRussia. Chinangwa chekushandurwa kwakadaro ndiko kuve kwemaitiro echiRussia neechiGiriki. Izvi zvinofambira mberi, zvese, kuchinja kwakakonzera kuparadzaniswa muChechi yeRussia uye kwakaratidza kutanga kweAkare Believer mavhiri. Chigumbuso chaive kunyanya kukanganisa mumutambo mukuru wekusimudzira muchinjikwa wepamuchinjikwa, iyo yakagamuchirwa mirayiridzo yekufamba kwemufambisi nevamwe.

Vakwegura Vatendi - nhoroondo yekufira kutenda

Kwete yose chiKristu cheRussia chakatambira izvi zvitsva. Vazhinji vakapikisa pachena pachena zvitsva zvavakapiwa uye vakatambudzwa. Pakati peavo vakatsigira zvakasimba drevlepravoslavnoe vatsvene, vaiva monk Epiphanius, Deacon Fyodor, mupristi Lazar uye Protopop Avvakum. Vakatapwa kuPustozersk (Arkhangelsk region). Zvose kunze kweHabhakuki, dzakaparadzwa mumitauro uye dzakasununguka nemaoko, zvekuti vakange vasingakwanisi kuparidza mumashoko kana mukunyora. Vakapedza makore ane gumi namana ari mugomba remvura, asi havana kuramba kutenda kwavo. Pakupedzisira, musi waEpril 14, 1682, vakaendeswa kunzvimbo yepamusoro apo imba yegiyo yekupisa yaive yakagadzirirwa uye ichiurayiwa. Vose vana vakashinga uye vakabvuma kuguma kwavo, vachigara kune vekupedzisira vakatendeka kune vavariro dzavo.

Zvishamiso zvekuvimba zvakaratidzwawo nemamongi eSolovetsky Monastery, uyo kwemakore masere akamira kukombwa kwemauto tsarist. Apo musi waJanuary 22, 1676 mhirizhonga yakawira uye mauto akapinda muimba yemamongi, vakatambudza nekuurawa vanenge vanenge mazana mana: mumwe munhu akaremberedzwa, mumwe munhu akadzimwa, mumwe munhu akazununguswa muchando. Vanhu gumi nemana bedzi vakaponeswa nechishamiso. Mitumbi yevakafa yakanga inenge isisina kubvunzwa kwehafu yegore, kusvikira mambo akaraira kuti vaendeswe kunyika. Mushure mekunge imba yemamata yakazara nevatongi vatsva vakagamuchira kuchinja kweNikon. Zvisinei, kwete izvi chete veVatendi vekare vakaona kusuwa kwechechi. Vaiva vanaani nemamiriro evanhu?

Kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vavo vari vanhuwo zvavo nevapristi avo vakaramba kubvuma kutenda mutsva, pakati pavo pakanga pane vanhu vari pedyo nedare remambo. Mukuwa kwe1675, Princess Yevdokia Prokopievna Urusova na Boyaryna Theodosia Prokopevna Morozova, hama dzainge varamba kubvuma kutenda mutsva, vakafa nekutambudzwa uye nenzara. Hanzvadzi dzakanga dziri muruvanze rwamambo, asi nokuda kwekutenda ivo vairemekedza mukurumbira uye pfuma uye vakafira kutenda.

Mhepo yekuuraya yakakonzerwa kwenguva yakareba muRussia, data chaiye, hongu, kwete, asi vatsvakurudzi vanopikisa kuti semugumisiro wekudzvinyirira kwaNicon kwakauraya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni. Muna December 1666, Patriarch Nikon akatongerwa uye akatapwa kuFerapontov Monastery, panzvimbo yake akagadzwa mutsva mukuru - Joasav II, uyo akaenderera mberi nekuvandudzwa kwezvakaitika kare.

Mazuva Ano Ekare Vatendi. Ndivana ani?

Munguva yedu, hakuna munhu anotambudzwa nokuda kwezvitendero zvechitendero. Vatendi vekare veSiberia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeRussia vanogara vakanyarara uye, sekutonga, kunze, nenzira yavo yekugara. Upenyu hwavo hwakavakirwa pachitendero, kubatsirana pamwe uye basa rinoramba richiitwa. Havasi kuedza kugadzirisa nyika uye kutendeutsa munhu wose mukutenda kwavo. Vanongorarama sezvavanofunga kuti zvakarurama, kwete kutarisira pfungwa dzevamwe. Nokudaro, hazvisi nyore kupindura mibvunzo iyi: "Ndivanaani vatendi vekare? Ndivana ani? Vanyengeri vezvitendero, masimba, masimba?" Munhu wese ane kodzero yekuzvisarudzira iye oga, asi chero zvakadaro, vanhu ava vose munguva yaNicon uye iyezvino vanokodzera kuremekedzwa nekusimba mukutenda kwavo. Uye vazhinji vedu hatina zvakakwana izvi!