Zita rerwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaKristu chii? Mutsva ipi Jesu akabhapatidzwa?

Chitubu chiduku chemvura, chakarasika mujecha uye chichivhuvhuta pakati pematombo ematombo emakomo eLebanese, ndiwo muganhu wepanyama pakati peMuslim uye nyika yechiJudha. Makore zviuru zviviri akapfuura yakava muganhu wengano, kugovera nhoroondo yevanhu mu "yekare" uye "shure". Zita reRwizi rwePalestina rava zita reimba. "Jorodhani" zvinoreva chero dziva kana nzvimbo iyo muitiro weKukutsvenesa KweMvura kunowanikwa pamutambo wekubhabhatidzwa.

Ko kubhabhatidzwa kunorevei?

MuchiSlavic tsika, "rubhabhatidzo" zvinoreva kushanda muhupenyu hwaKristu. Munguva yekare nguva iyi izwi rairehwa - kubhabhatidzwa. Nekureva izvi zvinoreva chimiro chechiito chekufungidzira, chine chokuita naKristu uye chakabudiswa neKubata kwake. Izwi rekutanga rezwi rokuti "rubhabhatidzo" rinoreva saramente yechechi (kwete rati, iro saramende), kuburikidza naro munhu anova nhengo yeruzhinji rwevateveri vehupenyu uye dzidziso dzaJesu Kristu.

MuchiGiriki, chiito ichi chinonzi izwi βαπτίζω (vaptiso), izvo zvinoreva kuti "immerse" kana "kuvhara". Iyo yakanyorwa mubasa reSlavonic reEvhangeri iro John the Forerunner aibhabhatidza muRwizi rweJorodhani, munhu anofanira kunzwisisa "kubhabhatidza": "... uye vose veJudha vakabhabhatidzwa (vakabhabhatidzwa, vakanyudzwa)", nezvimwewo. Muporofita Muporofita John haana kutanga iyi mhemberero iye pachake, Asi akaita zviito izvi pamusoro pechitendero chekare chekare chechitendero chekare . Mimwe miitiro inogona kuwanika mumarudzi akawanda. Somuenzaniso, vaHindu vanoita kushamba kutsvene mumirwizi.

Chimiro chekare chechiJudha

Mutemo waMosesi wakagadzirirwa kushambidza pane kusarura kupi zvako: kubata kune vakafa, kudya zvokudya zvinorambidzwa, mukadzi mushure mekubuda ropa, nezvimwe. Maererano nemitambo yevaJudha vekare, munhu chero upi zvake wevaJudha vasiri ropa anogona kubatana nekutenda kwechiJudha. Munhu akadaro ainzi muproselyte. Muchiitiko ichi, tsika yakasarudzwa yakagamuchirwa kwekugamuchirwa kuchiJudha cheVemamwe Marudzi, icho chaisanganisira kusachena. Izvi zvinogona kunzi mutauro wemazuva ano kubhabhatidza kwevatendeuki.

Muzviitiko zvose, kushambidzika kwakaitwa kuburikidza nokunyudzwa kwakakwana mumuviri wemvura. Ichi chaive chiito chekufananidzira uye chaiva nechinangwa chekuchenesa kubva kuzvitadzo. Ndizvo chete "mvura inobva kuna Mwari" yaive nenzvimbo yekuchenesa: ichiyerera kubva mumvura kana mvura yakanaya.

Kubhabhatidzwa kwaJohani

Mitambo yechiJudha yaizivikanwa naJohn. Pane imwe nguva, anouya kubhangi reJorodhani uye anozivisa kuti nguva yekutonga kwaMwari iri kuuya. Vakarurama vachawana mubayiro wakakwana hupenyu husingaperi muHumambo hwaMwari, uye vatadzi vanoteererwa kurangwa husingaperi. Johane akaparidza kuti kuti aponeswe kubva kurangwa munhu anogona kungopfidza zvakaipa chete uye agadzirise hupenyu hwake. "Uya kuJoridhani," anonzi mubhabhatidzi, "uya, ndiani anoda kuponeswa!"

Johane anopa chirevo chitsva kune tsika dzechiJudha dzetsika. Pamusoro pevanhu vanouya kwaari, anobhabhatidza muRwizi rweJorodhani: anozvibatirira mumvura uye asingamubvumi kuti aende kusvikira munhu wacho achenesa mweya wake. Sezvo akasarudzwa naMwari, aive nekwaniso yekuona zvakavanzika zvemukati memo. Usapupura zvitadzo zvako zvinoda muporofita, uye kurambidza kurambwa kwehupenyu hwekutadza. Zvishoma nezvishoma zvakapoteredza Johane nzvimbo yose yevanhu vatsva kuti vaponeswe inoumbwa.

Kubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu Kristu

Achipinda kudana kunotyisa kwemuporofita kuti atendeuke pazvivi zvake, vanhu vazhinji vakauya kwaari kubva kumativi ese ePalestine. Rimwe zuva, Kristu akaonekwa pabhandi reJoridhani. Ichi chiitiko chinorondedzerwa zvakadzama nevose vaparidzi vana. Jesu akanga asina chivi chimwe chete, haaida kubvuma uye kuchenesa. Vhangeri vanonyora pamusoro pekuti Kristu, akabhabhatidzwa muJoridhani, pakarepo, pakarepo akabva pamvura. Muporofita akanzwa utsvene hwaMwari-uye akabvunza mubvunzo wakavhiringidzika: "Ndinofanira kubhabhatidzwa kubva kwamuri, uye munouya kwandiri here?". Muponesi anomuraira kuti aite tsika.

Kubvuma kubhabhatidzwa kwaJohani naKristu kunokosha zvikuru. Izvi zvinotsigira chokwadi chekuparidza kweBaptisti mune chokwadi chokuti nguva itsva yemitemo yevanhu iri kuuya. Mushure mokunge abhapatidzwa, Kristu akaenda kunzvimbo yakachengetedzeka murenje rePalestina, kwaakagara mazuva makumi mana mukunyengetera uye pashure pekunge izvozvo zvakatanga kuparidza pakati pevaJudha.

Sei Jesu akabhabhatidzwa?

Mamwe maPurotesitendi anopupura achinyatsonzwisisa zvinoreva chiitiko chacho. Mukuona kwavo, Jesu akabhabhatidzwa kuti atipe muenzaniso. Muenzaniso wei? Zvinoreva kubhabhatidzwa zvinotsanangurwa muEvhangeri yaMateu. Muchitsauko chechishanu, Kristu anotaura nezvake, kuti haana kuonekwa munyika kuti aparadze mutemo weTesitamende Yekare, asi kuti azadzise. Mumutauro wepakutanga, zvinoreva chiito ichi zvine chirevo chakasiyana. Kristu akauya kuzozadzisa mutemo, ndiko kuti, Iye pachake kuti apedze basa racho.

Nyanzvi dzezvechitendero dzinoona mubhabhatidzo nguva dzakawanda dzisinganzwisisiki:

• Rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaKristu rwakazarura zivo itsva kuvanhu pamusoro paMwari. Vhangeri vanopupurira kuti apo Muponesi paakabuda mumvura, Mweya Mutsvene wakaburuka achiita senjiva, uye vose varipo vakanzwa izwi rinobva kudenga, iro rakadana Kristu Mwanakomana uye rakaraira kuti rizadzise dzidziso Yake. VaKristu vanoshevedza chiitiko ichi Epiphany, kubva panguva yekutanga nyika yakapupurirwa naMwari muvanhu vatatu.
• Nokubhabhatidza, Jesu anofananidzira mamiriro ekunamata evanhu vose vekare veIsrayeri. VaJudha vakabva kuna Mwari, vakakangamwa mirairo Yake uye vaida kutendeuka kwevanhu vazhinji. Kristu anoita seanojekesa kuti vanhu vose vevaJudha vanofanira kuita shanduko kuhutsika hutsva hwetsika.
• Mvura yaJoridhani, nenzira yekufananidzira kuchenesa maitiro evanhu vakabhabhatidzwa mavari, vakatakura kusvibiswa mune zvemweya kwevanhu vose. Rwizi umo Jesu akabhabhatidzwa narwo chiratidzo che mweya isina simba. Kristu, akabhabhatidzwa mumvura, akacheneswa uye akazvichenesa.
• Kristu chibayiro. Zvinoreva ushumiri hwake pasi pano ndechokuzviitira pachavo chibayiro chezvivi zvevanhu. Maererano netsika dzechiJudha, mhuka yechibairo musati mitambo yeitori inofanira kushambidzwa.

Zita rokuti "Jordan" rakabva kupi?

Maererano nemafungiro akafanana, rwizi, uko Jesu akabhabhatidzwa, rine zita rechiJudha. Munharaunda yesayenzi hapano kubvumirana pane izvi.

• Icho chinonyanya kunzwisisika ndechokufungidzira maShemitic mavhesi ekududzira. Muchiitiko ichi, Jorodhani inobva kune rechiHebheru rokuti "Yered" ("inoburuka", "kuwa"), uye mazita ezvinyorwa Dani - zita remumwe wemadzinza gumi nemaviri evaIsraeri vekare.
• Iko kune shanduro yeIndo-European origin yezwi. Kubvira panguva yakare kare, idzi Indo-Europe dzakagadziriswa neIndo-Iranians, madzitateguru evaFiristia. Indo-European root danu rinoreva "mhepo", "mvura", "rwizi".
• Muzivi wechitendero weRussia Dmitry Sergeevich Merezhkovsky mu Odyssey yaHomer akaona mitsetse yakataura nezveimwe rudzi rwevaKidoni vaigara mumhenderekedzo yeJardan. Akagumisa kuti rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu rwakanzi Joridhani nevanhu veKrete.

Mvura tsvene yeJorodhani

Makore zana asati apfuura mvura yeRwizi Jorodhani ichionekwa seyera. Vanyori vekuchengetedza vakachengetedza humwe uchapupu huzhinji hwekuti varwere vane maperembudzi vakaporeswa mushure mekushambidza murwizi. Imwe chekushingaira yakaburukira mumvura mumagariro emariro. Zvisikwa izvi zvakachengetwa kusvikira zuva rekufa, tichifunga kuti zvingabatsira kumutsa.

Mushure mokubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu, rwizi rwacho rwaifungidzirwa kuva shrine guru uye pasina mimwe mitambo. VaKristu vepakutanga vakashandisa mvura, vachiiona ichi chishamiso uye vane minda yekuporesa. Apo chiKristu chakava chitendero chehurumende muByzantium, vatendi vakapiwa mukana wekufamba vakasununguka kumativi ose eumambo. Rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaKristu rwakava nzvimbo yaidiwa kune vafambi.

Vakawanda vevafambi vakamhanyira kumhenderekedzo yeJoridhani, kwete chete kunamata nzvimbo tsvene. Mukuwedzera pakuremekedzwa kunoremekedza, mashura ezvo akaonekwa zvakare. Mumvura yerwizi, varwere vakabhabhatidzwa vachifunga nezvechishamiso chekuporesa uye kukwegura kwevanhu vane kutenda mune zvekuvandudza. Mvura yakatanga kushandiswa kusasa masimiro, achitarisira kuti izvi zvichaunza kukohwa kwakawanda. Vadzidzisi vemidziyo yegungwa vakanonga midziyo mikuru yemvura, vachiedza kudzivirira kukanganisa ngarava uye kuronga rwendo rwakachengeteka.

Jorodhani nhasi

Kuyerera kwevafambi havaiti mumazuva edu. Maererano nehuporofita hwekare, nzvimbo iri pamahombekombe eJoridhani, uko Johane mubhabhatidzi akaita basa rake, iri munharaunda yemazuva ano Israeri. Rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaKristu munharaunda iyi runopfuurira kuburikidza nekuzvigadzirisa kwePalestina nekusvika kwairi shure kwehondo ye1967 isingabviri.

Kuti uwane zvido zvevaKristu, hurumende yeIsrael yakagovera nzvimbo shomanana yegungwa pakabuda kweJorodhani kubva kuGungwa reGarireya (Gungwa reGarirea). Nekubatanidzwa kweHurumende yeZvakatori, imba yakawanda yezvivakwa yakavakwa. Iyi pilgrimage centre haifaniri kutaridzirwa nhoroondo yezviitiko zveevhangeri, asi kune vatendi vazhinji vanobva kunyika yose ndiyo mukana wekuti iwe uzvinamate mumvura tsvene.

Zvishamiso pamutambo wekubhabhatidzwa

Pamutambo weEpiphany musi waJanuary 19, weOrthodox Patriarch weJerusarema anoita mhemberero yemafambisi uye kuchenesa kukuru kwemvura. Mhedziso yekunamatwa uku ndiko kunamatira kwemuchinjikwa mumvura. Vakawanda veavo varipo vanopupura nezvechishamiso chekare chekare. Panguva yekuzadzika muchinjikwa, rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaJesu runoita kuti runze, uye mvura inotanga kufamba kune imwe nzvimbo. Ichi chiitiko chinotorwa nevakawanda vanozviona pavhidhiyo. IJordani ine nguva yakasimba kwazvo, uye hazvibviri kutsanangura ichi chiitiko nechimiro chechisikigo. Vatendi vanotenda kuti nenzira iyi Mwari anoratidza simba rake.

Nzvimbo yechokwadi yekubhabhatidzwa kwaMuponesi

Kana mubvunzo, mune rwizi rwaJesu rwakabhabhatidzwa, watofunga kuti wakagadziriswa, saka iwe unogona kukakavadzana nenotsanangudzo yenzvimbo yechiitiko chacho pachako. Kwemazana makumi maviri emvura rwizi rwakashandura kanopfuura kamwechete, zviti uye marudzi akange aripo munguva dzebhaibheri zvakapinda mukutadza.

Muguta reJordanian reMadaba, temberi yekare yekare kare yeByzantine Empire yakachengetedzwa. Chechi yeSt. George yakavakwa pakati pezana remakore VI. Pasiro rayo rakashongedzwa nemapupa e-mosaic geographic of Palestine. Chikamu chinoramba chiripo chebhuku rino chinosvika 15 nemamita matanhatu. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mepu yekubhabhatidzwa kwaMuponesi inonyatsotsanangurwa pamapu. Izvi zvakaita kuti masayendisiti awane uchapupu hwekuchera matongo hweevhangeri.

Panharaunda yeJorodhani, iri kure nechitendero cheRwizi kusvikira kuGungwa Rakafa, muna 1996, mamita makumi mana kumabvazuva kwemazuva ano erwizi, boka rezvokuchera matongo rakawana nzvimbo chaiye yekubhabhatidzwa kwaMuponesi. Sekunge gore rinenge gore kubva kuIsrael, rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kwaKristu munzvimbo ino inosvika kune vanofambira. Munhu wese anokwanisa kusvika kumvura uye kushambidza kana kutamba.

Rwizi rwekubhabhatidzwa kweRussia

The Kiev prince Vladimir akasarudza kuita chiOrthodox chiKristu chitendero chepamutemo. Mune mbiri yakaitika, zvose zvekereke uye zvekunyika, kutsvenesa zviitiko izvi, ndezve tsika yekutaura sarudzo yevatumwa vezvitendero zvakasiyana-siyana zvakarongedzwa naChris Vladimir. Muparidzi wechiGiriki ndiye ainyanya kutendesa. Muna 988 kubhabhatidzwa kwaRus kwakaitika . Rwizi rweDnieper rwakava Jorodhani rweKevnik nyika.

Vladimir pachake akabhabhatidzwa muGreece koloni yeCrimea - guta reChersonesos. Paakasvika kuKiev, akarayira kuti abhabhatidzwe kunze kwemuzinda wake. Mushure meizvi, pasi pekutambudzika kwekuverengera kune vavengi vega, akaita bhabhatidzo rwaRus. Mune ripi rwizi ruchava nesakaramende yakawanda, kwakanga kusina kusava nechokwadi. Mufananidzo wakavezwa wematanda wemwari wemhedheni wakaremekedzwa zvikuru Perun wakakundwa muhova, uye vaKieite vakaungana pamhenderekedzo yeDnieper nePochayny yavo. Vafundisi vakauya naVladimir veKersonesos vakaita saramente, uye nguva itsva yehurumende yedu yakatanga.