St. Cyril weAlexandria. Icon yaSt. Cyril the Equal of the Apostles

Hazvizivikanwi mumazuva edu Zita rechiKristu zita rokuti Cyril rine nhoroondo yakawanda kwazvo uye vane simba vekunamata. Mhedzisiro yacho ndechokare chiGiriki, zvinoreva kuti "ishe", kana kuti "ishe". Varume vanotakura zita iri vanofanira kuziva nezvevatariri vavo uye vanoyeuka kukosha kwekukudza zuva raSt. Cyril.

Akarurama pamwe nezita raCyril

Chechi yeOrthodox, kubvira muzana remakore rechina, kusvika kune vevasande vanonzi vatatu vakarurama vakatora zita iri uye vakagara munharaunda yeByzantium, Western Western Empire neRussia. Mumwe wekutanga mumunhu uyu ndiKyril, tateguru weguta reEgipita reAlexandria. Yakakudzwa pamusoro pemakore makumi mana nemashanu. Mukurumbira wevanhu vedu ndeyeMonk Cyril weRadonezh, baba vaSergius weRadonezh, uyo pakupera kwehupenyu hwake akatora mhiko dzekuita mhirizhonga, uye Kirill Belozersky. St. Cyril ndiye muvambi weshoko rekucherechedza mumiririri uye sangano rehutano hwemagariro echechi.

Kazhinji kacho, vakomana pabhapatidzo vanonzi zita rekare rechiKristu mukuremekedza St. Cyril, Chiedza chevaSlav. Vatsvene vese vane chinyorwa chake chemifananidzo. Zuva rekupemberera mutengi wekudenga kunonzi zuva reMutumwa. Hongu, uye mukuru wekumatenga pane dzimwe nguva anonzi ngirozi yekuchengeta. Izwi racho rinogumira uye harisi rakakwana. Ichi chinhu chakasiyana zvachose chemunhu asiri chezvinhu. Chimwe chekuratidzwa kwekuremekedza mukuru wake wekudenga ndeyekunyengetera kwekunyorera kuburikidza nemufananidzo wake-mufananidzo. Chiratidzo ndicho firati yepasi rakakwirira. Iko inofanira kuwedzera kumusana kwemukati wemunhu.

Kuchengeta, fetishism

Ichokwadi, inosvika mufananidzo wakasiyana zvachose. Pamusoro pezviwande zvisingaverengeki zvemasayiti anopiwa kutenga zvidhori zvevasande neMhandara zvine mirayiridzo yakazara pamusoro pokuti chii ichi kana chifananidzo icho chinobatsira. Uyezve, zvinokwanisika kusangana nevanofanirwa vatendi vanozopa mazano avo uye mumamiriro ezvinhu api anofanira kunamatwa. Izvi zvinonyadzisa zvinoreva zvinyorwa zvechiratidzo kune chinhu chakanaka chekunamata kwechitendero. Zvikonzero izvi zvose kusaziva kwevafundisi, uye kubhadhara chido chekubatsira: vatengi vanobhadhara chiitiko chacho. Mune dzimwe machechi, unogona kuona mutengo wemari wakafanana nezvirevo mune zvenyika yebasa, kupa mhemberero kune mumwe mutsvene kune chigumisiro chakavimbiswa: pamusoro pezvinhu zvakarasika, kutsvaga kwakanaka kune mukomba, kuitira kuti mazino arege kukuvadza, nezvimwewo. Izvi zvinotungamirirwa nokusakwanisa kwevatendi avo Zivai chifananidzo chitsvene nemishonga mu pharmacy. Ndakatenga paracetamol, ndakamedza-uye yakava nyore. Icho chinhu chinonyangadza zvikuru, icho panguva inogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakaipa. Mushure mezvose, moto haugoni kungopisa, asiwo unopisa. Iwe unogona kuva nehupfumi hwakawanda hupenyu hwako hwose uye usingakwanisi kuvashandisa zvakanaka. Kubva pane mifananidzo yakawanda hazvizovi nenyasha, asi, zvisinei, kusava nehanya uye mafungiro asina kukodzera kwavari kunogona kurangwa. Chifananidzo chitsvene chinoda kunamata kwakakodzera. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kunyengetera musati chero ipi zvayo inogona kubatsira mukuderedza chero dambudziko.

Nzira yekuverenga zvakajeka mifananidzo yevasande

Icho chiratidzo hachifaniri kuva neukama hwakafanana nebhuku kana mufananidzo wakachengetwa pane rafufu, yaunogona kushandisa nguva nenguva. Kana iwe wakagamuchira chifananidzo chitsvene, saka kunyange chiduku chiduku chinoda kufanana nemaonero ekuremekedza. Kuremekedza mifananidzo yevatsvene, kutanga kwezvose zvakakosha kudzidza upenyu hwepasi hweArchetype. Izvi zvinounza runyararo rwomukati rwemunhu anonyengetera ari pedyo nemunhu wekudenga. Uye kune rumwe rutivi, munhu ari mune imwe nharaunda akaiswa nenzira inokosha kune microcosm yemunhu wepanyika, uyo anoenda kwaari kunotya.

Icon of the boss of heaven

Hapana mubvunzo kuti zvakakosha kuva neimba yemufananidzo wayo mubatsiri wekudenga, ndiko kuti, uyo mutsvene, mushure mokunge munhu wacho anonzi zita rake. Usangozvichengeta pane imwe nzvimbo mudivi rezasi shure kwegirazi, seyeuchidzo. Paunotarisa mufananidzo, unofanirwa kubata mutarisiri wako zuva rega rega, zvichida kwenguva pfupi. Izvo zvinonyanya kukoshesa kubhadhara kune vakarurama vakadzikidzirwa-mutariri webasa. Semuenzaniso, St. Cyril, mudzidzisi wevaSlav, kuburikidza nekushanda kwake pasi pehupenyu hwepanyika, anowanzoonekwa somudzidzisi wevadzidzisi nevadzidzi. Sezvowo munyori wepamusoro wechechi yekare, tateguru weArekizandriya Cyril akakodzera kubwinya kwemuparidzi mukuru uye munyori. Chiratidzo cheSt. Cyril, mutumwa anochengetedza uye mutariri weOrthodox wezvechitendero, anofarira kunamatwa kukuru kubva kuvadzidzisi vezvebhaibheri.

Unhu hunoshamisa hweMiddle East

Styril Cyril yaiva chechi inoshamisa, uye kune rumwe rutivi - mumiririri wenguva yake. Zuva chaiyo rokuberekwa kwake hazvizivikanwi. Akabva kumhuri yakaisvonaka yechiGiriki. MuArekizandriya, pakanga pane rudzi rwekutsvaira kwechimiro muhurumende. Kutanga kwetsika kwakarongedzwa nemutateguru Athanasius, uyo akatsiva aive mukoma wake Petro. Saka Cyril akatora chigaro shure kwekufa kwababamukuru vake Theophilus. Maererano nomunyori wenhau dzakaitika chechechi Socrates Scholastic, kuiswa pachigaro kwaCyril kwaifambidzana nemhirizhonga muguta. Mapato akawanda akarwisana nechigaro cheushe, kusanganisira vanyengeri. Yakava kungofanana nekupindira kwemauto kuti vakakwanisa kugadzirisa vagari venyika. Styril Cyril aiva munhu akashinga zvikuru uye, agadziriswa muDhipatimendi, akatanga kutora simba rehurumende wepasi. Zvadaro ndiyo yaiva mitemo yenguva. Mhuri dzechiKristu dzekutanga dzakanga dzisingangobatanidzi kuparidza dzidziso pakati pehupenyu hwehupenyu nehupenyu hwemakwai, asi zvakare dzaitakura mutoro mukuru wekushandira rubatsiro kuvanhu.

Muzana remakore rechishanu Kereke yakarwisa dzidziso dzakawanda dzisina maturo. Pachinyorwa cheCyril muArekizandria, mapoka ose eNovoatians akavharwa. Mienzaniso inopupurira kuti St. Cyril haana kungotungamirira kurwisana kusinganzwisisiki nevanamato uye zvisizvo zvemaonero echihedheni, asiwo aizivikanwa nehutsinye hunopesana neSamitism. Kutambudzwa kwevaJudha kwakaunza kukakavadzana nehurumende yeRoma Orestes. Chiremera chechigaro chechiIjipita chakabvumira tateguru kuti arwise pachena kupenga kwaNestorius, uyo muna 428 akatora chigaro cheConstantinople. Yaiva pachitungamiri chaCyril chechitatu cheEcumenical Council, iyo yakasimbisa kunamatwa kweMhandara Yakaropafadzwa kuna Amai vaMwari. The Alexandria Local Church akatonga kwemakore makumi matatu nemaviri ndokufa muna 444. Kirill akanyora zvakawanda zvemashoko ekutenda. Imwe inonyanya kukosha yekutenderera mabasa ndeye kududzirwa kwemabhuku evaporofita vekare vekare, Evhangeri yaRuka, Johane Mufundisi uye Epistle weApostora Pauro.

Iconographic image yaCyril weAlexandriya

Chimiro chekufananidzira kwechiKristu chiri nemidzi yakakwegura yeSyr Palestine. Pazvifananidzo zvinowanzofananidzira vatsvene maererano nemufananidzo wehupenyu hwepanyika. Sezvo mutemo, mufananidzo wakazonaka unoumbwa ne nguva yemhemberero yekutsveneswa kuvatsvene. Dzimwe nguva pakati pevakarurama uye kuregererwa kwevakarurama haisi yemakore gumi, uye mufananidzo paikoni haikwanisi kuenderana zvakakwana nemifananidzo yakafanana. Zvinosuruvarisa, maererano neye iconoclastic kupenga kwekunyepedzera muByzantium muVIII yezana, mifananidzo yakare yakawanda yakanga isingarasikirwi. Kwete kuchengetedzwa uye mifananidzo yakare-kare, iyo inoratidzira Mukuru Mukuru weAlexandriya, St. Cyril. Icho chiratidzo mumazuva ano kuurayiwa chinoratidzira mutsvene muzvigaro zvematoriki zvinoenderana nebasa rake revapiscopal. Chikamu chinosungirwa chekugadzirwa kweEvhangeri iri mumaoko. Maererano nemutauro wemifananidzo, kusimbisa maonero ekuremekedza kuMagwaro Matsvene, mutsvene anoisa bhuku racho kwete neruoko rwake rwakazaruka, asi kuburikidza nemucheka wenguvo.

Vasande Athanasius naCyril weAlexandria

Kuyeuka kwaSt. Cyril, Patriarch of Alexandria, kunopembererwa musi waJune 22 mune imwe nzira. Zvisinei, kereke yakasimbisa imwe kunamata - January 31. Pazuva rino kupembererwa kwaKyril kunopembererwa pamwe chete nemumwe mudzidzisi akakurumbira wekereke, uyo akatungamira pachigaro cheAthanasius weAlexandriya. Mhemberero yekubatana inotsanangurwa mukurangarira kwekucherechedza kwekunaka kwavo uye kushandiswa mukudzivirira dzidziso dzedzidziso dzeChechi. Vatendi Athanasius naCyril vamiririri vaviri vakuru veAlexandria yechikoro chechikoro. Mabasa avo anokosha kwete kungoshandiswa kwechechi, asiwo inonyanya kukosha kune vezvemagariro evanhu, vanyori vezvakaitika kare uye vezvepfungwa.

Mupositora weEastern Europe

Mupiro mukuru kune tsika yebaba vedu yakaitwa nehama mbiri, Cyril naMethodius. Vatsvene vakaenzana-kune-vaApostora Cyril ainzi Konstantine asati atora mhiko dzenyika. Iye nemukoma wake Methodius vakabva kune munamato weSlavic mhuri. Baba vavo vaiva mutungamiri muguta reGreece rinonzi Thessaloniki (modern Thessaloniki). Constantine akawana dzidzo yakanakisa yepamusoro pedare rekumambo, iyo yaakagamuchira zita rezita rezivi. Vakave vakakurumbira maererano nemabasa asina kumboitika pakujekesa maSlavic eSclavic madzinza. Kuti zvive nehutano hwechiKristu kuparidza navo, chirevo chetsva chemaSlavic chinotaura mumitauro yakatarisana chakanyorwa ndokuiswa mukutenderera. Nezita remumwe wevakasika, chivako ichi chakanzi Cyrillic alphabet. Zvinyorwa zvemaitoriki uye Evhangeri zvakashandurirwa mumutauro weSlavonic nehama. Nokuda kwekuita basa raMwari mumutauro unonzwisisika kune vaSlav, Konstantine akanga ari bhishopu wakatsaurirwa. Nguva pfupi asati afa, iyo yakatevera muna 869, akagamuchira mutemo wemamoni.

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti vafundisi veRussia, Serbian, Bulgarian nedzimwe machechi eEastern Slavic vave vachishandisa kunyora kwepakutanga kwemakore anopfuura mireniyamu. Uye kana mitauro yemazuva ano yevanhu vakafanana yakatove yakadzikama kune mumwe nemumwe, saka mutauro wekunamatira wakangofanana. Izvo zvebasa rekuparidza raConstantine-Cyril rakaenzana nekuziva kwechechi kune vafudzi vevaapositori, saka, pasi pekugonesa, mutsvene akatumidzwa zita re "Equal-to-the-Apostles", uye mazuva ekupemberera anogadzirirwa musi waMay 24 neFebruary 27. Munharaunda imwe neimwe yeOrthodox yemasangano munzvimbo yekukudza ndiyo chiratidzo cheSt. Cyril, mutariri wevatariri uye mubati wevadzidzi nevadzidzisi.

Mifananidzo yeChiedza chevaSlav

Mifananidzo yemifananidzo yemudzidzisi mukuru yakapararira. Machechi eOrthodox muEastern Europe, unogona kuwana fresco chaiyo inoratidza St. Cyril. Icho chiratidzo chakasiyana-siyana chinogamuchirwa matepi. Constantine-Cyril anonyanya kuratidzwa muhombodo yemamoni-kutengesa. Mhiko dzakawanda dzaakatora akazvitora zvakanyanya-schema. Apo hama mbiri-vhenekeri vanonyora pamwe chete, Cyril inoratidzwa chete muzvigadziro zvemakona. Sezvo mutsvene ainge akazvitsveneswa, pane zviratidzo apo akanyorwa mubhishopu dzaMwari bhishopi. Nenzira inowanikwa mumaoko evatsvene ndeye mupumburu neSlavic zvinyorwa, kana bhuku rakazaruka, kazhinji Evhangeri yaJohani nemiganhu yekutanga yezvinyorwa. Cyril akapomera, ari nemakore makumi mana. Muchimiro chemazuva ano, panenge muzera rino, iye anoratidzwa. Pane zvishomanana zvidhori zvekare zvekare, muSlavic mutumwa wekuchengetedza St. Cyril anomiririrwa nenzira yemurume akweguru ane ndebvu refu yakareba yakagadzirirwa pakuguma.

Zuva reMazita

Kuzvikudza kweChechi yeRussia, Mutungamiriri weHutsvene hwake weRussia yose, Cyril akatora zita iri mumhiko dzakawanda. Zita idzva rinonzi chiratidzo chekuramba hupenyu hwepakutanga uye kutanga kwechitsva, chinotyisa, pasi pekusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana kwenyika. Mune mutariri wekudenga wenguva yemberi wekutsvaga mumasimba akazova Mwenje wevaSlavs St. Cyril. Muporofita mukuru weMoscow anoratidza muenzaniso wokukudza mukuru wekudenga. Maererano neChristian Canon, pazuva reMutumwa wake, munhu anofanira kunge akagamuchira sakaramende yeZvino dzaKristu. Musi waMay 24, nyika yeOrthodox inopemberera mutambo wekuSlovic kunyora uye tsika. Pazuva rekuchengetedza kwake wekudenga Mutungamiri weChris Patriarch Cyril inoshandiswa inoita Liturgy, kana zvichibvira muchechi yakatsaurirwa kune mutsvene. Uyewo, mutendi chero upi zvake, ane zita raCyril, kana achinyatsoda kuremekedza mukuru wake wekudenga, anofanirwa nhasi kuti atore chikamu mumunamato wekunamata kana kuti apinde mutemberi kuti aise kenduru.

Kukurukurirana mumweya

Pasinei nokuti munhu anotenda here kana kwete, mitemo yenyika yomudzimu inoshanda. Chifananidzi chinogona kutorwa nemitemo yefizikiki. Kunyange kana munhu asina kumbonzwa nezvemutemo weNewton uye kugara kwekukurumidza kwekusununguka kwekusununguka, kushandiswa kwepasi rose kunoshanda, uye avo vanoregererwa vanogona kutambura zvikuru. Nyika yenetasikisiki ichiri kumirira vatsvakurudzi vayo uye vanovhura, asi zvino iye zvino anofanira kuteerera kumakore ane zviuru zvemakore echechi. Kuda kune vatsvene kunowanzonzi munyengetero. Kune minyengetero yechinyorwa chechirevo chekushandiswa kwemitauro, iyo inogona kushandiswa nevatendi uye mumashandisirwo emhuri. Mukunyengetera kuna St. Cyril weAlexandria VaKristu vanobatwa semubatsiri mukudzivirirwa kwechokwadi nekutenda. Kuchengetedzwa nekuparadzirwa kwekutenda hakugoneki pasina kuparidza. Kubudirira kwemukurukuri kunobva pane tarenda, yose-dzidzo yepamusoro nekutsaurira. Izvo zvakadaro mukereke yekuziva uye inoratidzika kune vose Saint Cyril vanoda kujekeswa ndiye mutariri wekuchengetedza. Kunyengetera kune vakaenzana-kune-vaApostora, vakarurama, vanotaura kukumbira kwekubatsirwa pakukunda kukakavadzana kwepakati pakati pemarudzi nekuchengetedza tsika dzemadzibaba netsika.