The chakarebesa neiyi - Equator

Kudikanwa zvakarurama kuona nzvimbo dziri panyika uye akaripoteredza zvinhu vave kunyanya kushanda munhu ane kutanga basa kudzidza nyika.
Geographic coordinates - Latitude uye Longitude - takatsunga ne pfungwa mharadzano vaviri zvekufungidzira mitsetse - kufanana meridians. The chakarebesa zvakafanana pamusoro Latitude unotanga - neequator.

Origin of zita

An zvekufungidzira mutsetse inopfurwa pamusoro pemvura yose pfungwa dziri equidistant kubva mapango maviri, mumwe nyika rinokamukana kupinda hemispheres maviri, kubva hemispheres maviri. Shoko zita muganhu akadaro ane midzi yekare. Latin «aequator», equalizer, aumba kubva rechiito «aequō» - equalize. In tsika dzakawanda, "ikweta" apinda mutauro wokuGermany, kubva Äquator.

Shoko iri rine mamwemazwi zvaanoreva. Mune geometry mu-dimensional matatu muviri une kungoreva perpendicular vose akabatana uye ndege kubva symmetry, ine ikweta dzayo, rakareba kupfuura zvinofambirana - the mharadzano pakati pemvura muviri pamwe ndege kuti symmetry. Nezvenyeredzi anozivikanwa yokudenga neequator, kuti rinobva neequator imwe nyika kana nyeredzi.

Land - ndiye geoid

Kudavira kuti nyika yakati sandarara Disc chimiro, kubvunzurudzwa chete nenyanzvi Greek yekare. zvakava pachena pamugumo XIX remakore, kuti chimiro redu - haisi nzvimbo yakakwana, asi rinokosha muviri Kutenderera - the geoid, pose uko kufurirwa zvinhu zvizhinji - ". mhepo yepasi pose" simba regiravhiti kuna Mbiri dzinokosha pamusoro geoid kunorondedzerwa ayo akabatana kuti Kutenderera - ndiye North uye South Pole. Equidistant kwavari ndiko wakarebesa kufanana paNyika, "muchiuno" paNyika - neequator.

Asi geoid haisi chairo, asi chete anenge anorondedzera pezvakaita nyika. Kuti aizova pasina makomo nemipata, kana paiva chete akanyarara, vakagadzikana penyika mumakungwa. Izvi pamwero inoita basa rinokosha wekushandisa uye geodesy - mushumo iye ari kutwasuka zvezvinangwa kuti siyana hwokugadzira uye ouinjiniya zvivako.

Kureba neequator

Kunzwisisa izvo zvinofambirana wakarebesa zvaibvira uye dzakananga tsika geometric kuyerwa geoid. The nharaunda yacho neequator, sezvo madenderedzwa, "incised" Panyika pevhu, akaenzana nharaunda yacho nyika. kuyerwa yakarurama dzinoratidza kuti parameter ichi zvichisiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nyika - Polár nharaunda iri 21.3? km muduku kupfuura Equatorial. The paavhareji ukoshi - 6371? Km

Maererano nzira sekamufarenzi - 2πR - anogona kuverenga urefu neequator. Various geophysical yetsika kutsanangura nhamba ane musiyano anenge 3 M avhareji - 40075? Km. The sekamufarenzi pakati ari Meridian - 40.007 km iyo kunoratidza chaiwo geometric unhu geoid.

Latitude razero

Grid, iyo akafuka yose - kutarisana womuenzaniso pose - 360 chimiro meridians kubatana maviri matanda 180 uye mitsara akaererana neequator, akagovera pamusoro matanda zvidimbu 90 kumativi ose payo. Mabviro Longitude kubva 1884 anonzi kuva Meridian wakavhomorwa kuburikidza ari Greenwich Observatory, riri kurutivi rwezasi-kumabvazuva guru British. The chakarebesa dzakafanana runoparadzanisa yose iri kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba hemispheres - kwakabva Latitude.

Coordinates - ichi chisina kutsetseka tsika, akayera pamwero. Longitude - pakona pakati ndege achipfuura razero - Greenwich - Meridian uye munhu anomirira mutsetse unobva pasi danda uye wakavhomorwa kuburikidza achitandadza. Kumabvazuva Greenwich kusvika 180 ° Longitude kumabvazuva uye vakadanwa kuti vave netariro, kumavirira - ine kunaka kukosha uye anonzi kumavirira.

The pfungwa equidistant kubva matanda kuumba Equatorial ndege. The nharaunda nokubuda kubva pakati yose kuburikidza akapiwa pfungwa yayo pamusoro, achiumba pamwe ndege iyi necheparutivi ane nokukura ndiyo Latitude. The chakarebesa neiyi ane razero Latitude. Kuchamhembe neequator, angled ichi anonzi akanaka - kubva 0 ° 90 °, kumaodzanyemba - kunaka.

Zviratidzo uye netsika

Equator - chete illusory muganhu pakati hemispheres vaviri, asi agara vakamutsa vanhu zvokufungidzira. Vezvikepe vaibva kunyika dzakasiyana vakasarudza zvinoenderana inokosha tsika apo kuyambuka razero Latitude, kunyanya vaya vanoita izvozvo kekutanga. Apo neequator uchipfuura inogarwa nzvimbo, kunokonzeresa shongwe chaidzo zviratidzo uye ezvirevo kuti zvimiso mutsetse chaiyo. Rare vashanyi kusuwa mukana kumira tsoka imwe South, uye imwe - iri kuchamhembe hemisphere. Zvadaro kukanganwa zita wakarebesa yakafanana nyika, hazvibviri.

Asi pane pedo-Equatorial kumatunhu Nyika nemamwe maitiro akasiyana kuti kuvapa chaizvo ukoshi. The rinokweva kukwezvwa zvishoma muduku pane vamwe latitudes uye kutenderera tichimhanya pose zvakawanda. Izvi anoponesa yakawanda chitundumuseremusere huni kuunza chitundumusere-musere kupinda muchadenga. No masanga kuti ichinaya Guiana French pamusoro South American pamhenderekedzo ndiyo inonyatsobudirira pokutangira nzvimbo yakaoma - Kourou spaceport.