A-siyana zvinomera. Ndechipi yemiti kusiyana

Kutarisisa nepahwindo kana chete achifamba mumugwagwa, unogona nokusingaperi kuyemura runako zvakasikwa. Uye runako zvose izvi zvakaitwa kumboda chete zvinomera. siyana kwakadaro inobwinya, upenyu manune, ivo chete muninire unozvibata vanonakidzwa munuhwi dzavo uye zvakawanda kuyemura kubwinya.

Kusiyana chirimwa zvinenge

Oh, chii pane zvakasiyana siyana miti! Total kufambidzana nomumwe, pane pamusoro 350,000 marudzi chezvisikwa zvakasikwa izvi nedzimwe. Vose havana kufanana zvokunze chivako, uye pamusoro mararamiro uye nechomukati zvinhu.

Munyika Organic nyika ino kutora chirimwa yose umambo. Nyore kupatsanura pakati zvipenyu izvi zvichava vakadaro:

• repasi (muviri rakakamurwa zvomukati, algae ichi uye lichens);
• yepamusoro (muviri rakakamurwa zvomukati, vaya vane mudzi, chokumisa uye mashizha).

Uyewo yemiti kusiyana chemhando muchikwata unoratidzwa weboka munzvimbo inotevera mapoka:

1. Spore (mosses, ferns, horsetails, tsvimbo mosses).
2. Gymnosperms (Conifers, Ginkgo, sagovnikovye).
3. Angiosperms, kana maruva zvirimwa.

Mumwe boka rine yayo enderana makirasi, genera uye mhando, ndokusaka siyana zvinomera pasi redu riri guru.

Life siyana

Mumwe mukuru chikonzero pamusoro izvo vamiririri nemiti zvakasiyana mumwe, ndiye chitarisiko. Zviri ichi chinowanikwa vaiita kupatsanura upenyu siyana. Plant kusiyana zvinogona kuonekwa, kana isu patsanura navo muzvikwata:

1. Miti (Conifers: vanoondoroka, spruce, misipuresi zvakadai; Deciduous: Birch, pomuouki, poplar, nomuapuri, etc.).
2. Mumakwenzi (Lilac, Hazel, honeysuckle, uye zvichingodaro. D.).
3. Mumakwenzi (currants, akasimuka hudyu, mahabhurosi).
4. Nemiti (gavakava, Astragalus, eurotia, Salsola).
5. Semishrubs (lavender, somuzivi).
6. Grass (uswa bonde, petsanga, wakakanganwa-ini, chisimbiso waSoromoni, maruva, uye zvichingodaro).

kupatsanura ichi anofukidza chete yepamusoro angiosperm miti, iyo vakawanda panyika.

algae

The dzakasiyana-siyana nemhuka mumakungwa uye makungwa kwagara vayemurwe vaongorori vose uye vanoda pasi pemvura nyika. Beautiful uye kujairika, mavara, ngozi uye kuzvidzivirira, vanoumba nyika yose, kwete zvachose unexplored, saka huchikwezva uye zvisinganzwisisiki.

Chii vari vamiririri nemiti yakawanikwa pano? algae ichi uye hwemvura zvinomera, akaramba ari mvura pamusoro kana anyatsofukidzwa wake shure uye chikamu hunde.

Algae muzvikamu akawanda:

1. Blue-mutema (semuenzaniso, cyanobacterium).
2. Unicellular girini (chlamydomonas, Volvox).
3. Green zvipuka zvine masero akawanda (ulothrix, Spirogyra, Ulvi).
4. Kelp (fucus, kelp, Sargassum).
5. Red (porphyry radimeriya).

The chikuru chinosiyanisa zviri zvirimwa izvi ine pakuti muviri wavo (mu zvipuka zvine masero akawanda vamiririri) vasiri kuparadzaniswa pamusoro nhengo. It chinomiririrwa rhizoids uye thallus, achiita mashandiro kuda kusvika substrate.

Flowering mvura mitambo

Siyana yemiti kungova aqueous svikiro hakungogumiri algae. Saka vazhinji dzakanaka maruva vamiririri vachifadzwa nezvinhu zvoumbozha yayo, akayangarara pamusoro mvura pamusoro kana kunyura mairi chete chikamu.

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana mvura rehapa;
• Calla;
• vodokras munhuwo;
• bulrush;
• hippuris;
• loosestrife monetchaty;
• naHama;
• Bolotnitsa tsono;
• mana;
• Urrutia mvura;
• Siberian Iris;
• Ranunculus mvura;
• Air Marsh nevamwe vazhinji.

Plant kusiyana munyu uye yakachena mvura mitumbi iguru zvokuti unogona kusika nharaunda yose, zvose chakagadzirwa dzinongoitika. Vanhu vanoshandisa kasvisto vashongedze aquariums, nenyanzvi Decorated madziva uye kumwewo nevanhu.

spore

boka iri zvinosanganisira vanenge 43 zviuru. Mhando dzakasiyana madhipatimendi kuvakuru zvinomera. The zvihombe ndedzinotevera:

• Bryophyta (mosses, chiropa, antotserotovye, vakapararira Moss);
• Lycopsids (tsvimbo mosses);
• Horsetail (Equisetum).

The chikuru Pakanzi - inzira wokuberekana, izvo zvinoderedza paumbwe specialized masero - spores. Uyewo dzinonakidza ndechokuti miti izvi vararame, kuita alternation zvizvarwa kukura kutenderera: pabonde chizvarwa asexual sporophyte gametophyte anotsiviwa, ndiEzekieri. Vamiririri kwakadaro havagoni ruva uye chimiro mbeu uye michero, uye naizvozvo nhengo muchikwata che spore. upenyu hwavo runotsamira chaizvo pamusoro mvura sezvo maberekero kunoitika chete mune nyorovera ezvinhu.

Representatives yakakosha zveupfumi kukosha uye vari kushandiswa kwete chete zvakasikwa asiwo muupenyu hwevanhu. Decorative, somushonga kushanda kukosha kwavo vanhu.

coniferous

Conifers ndivo miti kuti vane anotevera zvinhu:

• mashizha vari dzakachinjwa kuva rinokosha tsono-zvakadai chimiro uye vanonzi "tsono";
• chimiro muupenyu zvinomera - pamiti;
• womukati mamiriro akazara zvinokosha anonhuwirira, Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti uye terpenes;
• mbeu zviri kuumbwa, asi hapana maruva nokusingaperi;
• mbeu akanyudzwa pachikero pamusoro pasikweya uye vakafumura, saka rimwe zita - Gymnosperms.

Mhando coniferous miti kwazvo, anenge 630. Ivo vanoita mupiro mukuru zvinonyatsorehwa kusiyana chirimwa nyika, muri muti refu refu uye zvinokosha mhuka. Maererano nedzimwe mishumo, pane nemipaini miti, izvo makore anopfuura 5000! Chimiro coniferous enliven chero nzvimbo, pezvinofadza uye fascinates wayo UKURU. The mhando Inonyanya dzinosanganisira:

• mupaini;
• kudya;
• misidhari;
• larch;
• cypresses;
• cheshanu;
• omujunipa;
• yew there.

Mumwe mukuru kukwezva zviri zvirimwa izvi ndechokuti vari miti yakasvibira mukasateura mashizha muchando nguva (kunze - larch).

Flowering miriwo, kana angiosperms

Ndicho kupfuura zvose anozivikanwa pakarepo mapoka zvinomera, izvo zvinofungidzirwa vanopfuura zviuru 280 marudzi. The chikuru chepfungwa - ndiyo paumbwe dzokubereka reDare ruva, ine chivako chinokosha chakatorwa kuti kubereka.

The ruva nokutumbuka uye mbeu zviri kuumbwa, iro zvino kudzivirirwa fetus tishu. Ndokusaka zvinomera izvi uye vanonzi angiosperms. Pachavo maruva saka siyana chitarisiko, chimiro, ruvara Corolla saizi kuti chete anogona mushamiswe uye mushamiswe.

kukosha Great rakapiwa pakati maruva makwenzi. Vanobatsira vanhu nemhuka pamusoro nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana kunyatsobatsira zvinenge zvose muviri enyika.

Kupatsanura pakati maruva zvakawanda, saka isu funga chete mhuri vakawanda miviri makirasi huru - monocots uye dicots.

1. Monocotyledons: bota (rye, gorosi, oats, mhunga, mapfunde, chibage), seruva (tulips, maruva, Grouse), hanyanisi (hanyanisi, gariki, perennial wemarudzi uswa).
2. Bipartite: Rosaceae (ruva, peya, puramu, maapuro, mahabhurosi, mastrawberry, akasimuka), shavishavi, kana bhinzi (nzungu, lupins, nemiakasia, soyabhinzi, pizi, apila, bhinzi), cruciferous (makabheji, kubata chibharo, masitadhi, horseradish , radish), nightshade (madomasi, kana madomasi, pepper, nightshade, eggplant, petunia, etc.), Asteraceae (voikukkien, daisies, cornflowers, nemaringazuva, mai uye naamainini, uye vamwe).

A-siyana maruva zvirimwa akakura zvokuti vakafukidza vose zvakafanana nyaya Chokwadi, hazviiti. Pashure pezvose, mhuri dzose dziri mazana ezviuru marudzi, ane pachedu zvachiri muna marongerwo uye chitarisiko.

noxious zvirimwa

Zvinosuruvarisa mu pasinei risingaenzaniswi runako Zvirimwa zvakawanda vane simba chepfu ehupfumi, kureva ivo muchetura mune kunosiyana kuwanda ane zvinhu zvinogona kutadzisa kana kuuraya vanhu, mhuka uye mamwe marudzi ose zvipenyu.

Nevamiririri dzakadaro vanofanira kusuma vana vaduku, kuti vanzwisise kuti zvakawanda zvinogona kuva nengozi kunze nyika. A siyana miti enzvimbo uturu, yakafara, pane zviuru mhuka. To zita chete nevakawanda vamiririri shoma:

• snowdrop echando;
• Hyacinth mabvazuva;
• matsutso Crocus;
• daffodils;
• amaryllis;
• ruva romupata;
• Poppy soporific;
• lamprocapnos;
• buttercup chakasviba;
• Obert;
• dieffenbachia;
• zvikwenzi;
• oleanders nevamwe vazhinji.

Zviri pachena kuti boka iri zvinogona kunzi makwenzi. The zvakawedzera dose upi mushonga kunogona muchetura.

Mbeswa maruva

Interesting nokuda nzira romugove mimwe miriwo dzinopisa uye neequator panyika. Vane insectivorous kubudisa hazvifadzi uye inonakidza hunonhuhwira uye fetid kwakanaka. The mhando huru:

• Venus flytrap;
• sundew;
• Nepenthes;
• Sarracenia;
• pemphigus;
• Pinguicula.

Nechokunze, dzinonakidza kwazvo chimiro uye rakajeka ruvara. Vane nzira dzakasiyana uye mano kuti chokunyengera uye digesting zvipembenene nemakonzo diki.