Club mosses, horsetails, ferns mamiriro kupesana. Sezvo munhu anoshandisa horsetails, tsvimbo mosses uye ferns?

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns boka vanoumba yokutanga yenyika zvirimwa. Pasinei vakasimuka anopfuura mamiriyoni 400 apfuura, zvirimwa izvi zvava kumbonyanya kwakapararira dzazvino. Sechivako mukirabhu mosses, horsetails uye ferns, kunyanya metabolic dzavo uye chaivo kukosha ichakurukurwa munyaya nyaya yedu.

Exit miti panyika

Pane dzidziso kuti zvose zvipenyu, kusanganisira zvirimwa vavapo mune hwemvura zvakatipoteredza. Wokutanga wavo aiva algae. Nokufamba kwenguva, mamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza akachinja zvikuru, uye algae kunge dzakashandisa kutsungirira yakareba kwemvura. Somugumisiro, havana chamuita kuti yokutanga kunyika miti. Kunyange kosi yechikoro bhotani ferns, horsetails, tsvimbo mosses (class 6) vanotorwa sevanhu vakaberekerwa munyika.

An yakatotsakatika boka rokutanga nenyika zvirimwa ndivo vamiririri Department Rhyniophyta. matavi dzavo pasi aizotorerwa mashizha uye mapazi forked. Panzvimbo Rhyniophyta midzi aiva rhizoids umo vasiyana substrate.

Club mosses, horsetails, ferns - yepamusoro spore miti

Modern spore zvinomera zvakawanda kunzwisisa uye akaoma chivakwa. Club mosses, horsetails, ferns, sezvinoita nhengo zvose izvi taxonomic boka, inoumbwa munyama izvi. Nokuda chitarisiko chavo, uye yakaitwa zvibvire kuwana nyika miti. Munyama vanoumba nhengo: midzi uye nhungirwa. Izvi musiyano unokosha kubva dzakaderera miti dzavo kuti ine masero unyanzvi.

Kubereka ezvinhu zvipenyu izvi rinowanika achishandisa asexual kubereka masero - spores. Kamwe muvhu, ivo imere.

Pfungwa upenyu kutenderera

All yepamusoro spore zvinomera anouya kunzwisisa upenyu kutenderera. Ndiyo nguva pakati maviri akafanana maitikiro okukura. It kunovimbisa ari chamazuva ose oupenyu imwe rudzi. Ichitanga spore miti upenyu vakachengeta alternation zvizvarwa - pabonde uye asexual. dzimwe nguva vakasiyana mumwe chitarisiko.

Plant, umo spores vari kuumbwa, ndiye asexual Zera. Zvinonzi koshesa mu bryophytes. Inokura kubva spores munhu pabonde chizvarwa - gametophyte. Huru misiyano tsvimbo mosses, horsetails uye ferns ayo predominance.

Funga nomumwe madhipatimendi kuvakuru spore zvinomera zvizere.

dhipatimendi Lycopsida

Izvi miti yakasvibira herbaceous zvirimwa kuti kukura nyorova nzvimbo. Kazhinji, vane perennial. Lycopodium yave zvinokambaira dzakanzi kuti mapazi forked. Vari akatasva mune zononoka mashizha maduku.

Midzi kuti kuumba mamwe midzi zvichiratidza zvakananga kubva madzinde. muri flakes izvo dzakachinja mashizha In nhungirwa mazano. Ivo dziri zvitunha asexual kubereka - sporangia.

Avilable horsetails

Mhando ano horsetails vari ane perennial miriwo. Dzavo mamirire chinhu ari kuparadzana yakajeka kupukunyuka pamusoro nodes vari zvakabatanidzwa toothed mashizha. Nechepasi, vanokura pamwe chete, kusikwa nyinyo imwe mhando. The nodes vanosarudzirwa rokudzidzisa zvinyama masero, nokuda izvo nezvokukura horsetail intercalated kureba. Underground horsetails rhizome muviri iri rakakamurwa ne interstices. photosynthesis basa zvinomera izvi anotakura ribbed hunde. Inside zviri zvakawanda in akazara mvura uye oxygen.

Sporophyte horsetails chinhu mutema awo kuti Dzakafanana duku duku Pines. A gametophyte ariko yoga ane chimiro munyoro ndiro. Chimwe ndicho mhando dhipatimendi ichi - horsetail - ane mhando mbiri awo. Chokutanga anonzi chitubu, hazvina kuita photosynthesis uye yakaorera Spikelets. Summer, girini - vegetative.

General zvechadenga Fern

Musiyano uri pakati horsetail ferns uye Moss? Mhinduro yacho iri pachena. Dhipatimendi iri ndiro kupfuura vakawanda uye siyana, uye vamiririri ano vane zvakawanda zvakaoma kunzwisisa kupfuura horsetails uye tsvimbo mosses. Pakati 10,000 kwemarudzi kuwanikwa kupiwa nguva, munewo makwenzi nemiti, uye nemiti.

Group ravnosporovyh Fern akauya upenyu hwemvura - ichi Salvinia Natans uye marsilea quadrifolia. Vakasununguka kugara pamusoro pemvura miviri mvura ine diki ano. In dzinopisa rinoparadzirwa mvura Fern azolla iyo inowanikwa symbiosis pamwe cyanobacteria, anokwanisa kupinza mumhepo senitrogen.

Heterosporous ferns kurai mumasango nyoro uye unyengeri. zvinowanzoitika Vamiririri yavo Pteridium aquilinum, Dryopteris munhurume, mudzimai-Fern uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Zviri pamusoro zvinoshamisa zvinomera izvi anoenda yezvechitendero kuti awana muna Ivana Kupala usiku Fern ruva zvichabviswa rusununguko chipo chinoshamisa - kudzidza kunzwisisa mutauro zvose zvipenyu. Zvisinei, kubva nemaonero zvipenyu kuti hazviiti. Higher spore miriwo, kusanganisira ferns hatuzoumbiki maruva nemichero.

Sezvo munhu anoshandisa horsetails, tsvimbo mosses uye ferns

Higher spore miti kare kubatikana mumwe niche zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwevanhu. Ferns inhengo vakawanda chirimwa munharaunda, anoshandiswa pakusika nharaunda uye yakarongedzwa sezvo makwenzi. Asi basa rinokosha zvinomera zvakasikwa ndiyo paumbwe zvinokosha zvicherwa - marasha.

Munguva dzekare, yose spore miti hofori. Otmiraya hunde dzacho dzavo pasi ezvinhu okisijeni shoma uye yakakwirira kumanikidzwa muvhu akaturikidzana ikava kabhoni.

Sezvo munhu anoshandisa horsetails, tsvimbo mosses uye ferns, unogona kufungidzira nyore muenzaniso zvokurapa. Vose zvinokosha makwenzi. Somuenzaniso, horsetail ane hemostatic uye diuretic. Mumwe vamiririri Department Lycopsida - Baranez munhuwo - rinoshandiswa senzira dambudziko chidhakwa.

The spores zvinomera izvi kubvira kare kuti zvaAtemisi pyrotechnics. In neindasitiri inogadzira mishonga vari kushandiswa tsvimbo mosses obsypaniya mahwendefa uye nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi upfu mwana.

The chikuru kukosha rokumusoro spore miti achiri iri paumbwe marasha. Ichi chicherwa dhipoziti chinokosha vagara chinokosha tsime simba, sezvo yakawanda kupisa kana kupiswa. Electric utilities munyika dzakawanda kwakavakirwa mbishi zvinhu izvi.

Saka, tsvimbo mosses, horsetails, ferns vari boka yakakwirira spore zvinomera, izvo zviri zvikuru kumiririrwa zvicherwa uye zvekare mhuka. Ndivo wokutanga kuuya panyika, iyo yakaitwa zvibvire anoonga kwaita zvakawanda yepamusoro zviri marongerwo: nyama uye nhengo dzomuviri.