Indian Ocean: pachivara uye mamiriro

Chii nzvimbo Indian Ocean? Zita mvura chinoreva kumbonyanya vazhinji. Pakarepo unofanira kuteerera chokwadi chokuti Indian Ocean kupfuura pokutanga rechitatu pakati zvakafanana miviri mvura yedu. Muchikamu widest chikamu penyanza daro anenge 10 zviuru makiromita. ukoshi Izvi nemaziso rinobatanidza kumaodzanyemba pfungwa Africa uye Australia. Riri pakati makondinendi mana: Antarctica, Eurasia, Africa uye Australia. Saka, chii chiri munharaunda Indian Ocean (mln. Km2)? Nhamba iyi ndiyo ba miriyoni 76,174. M. ? km.

Tarisai munhoroondo

The Indian Ocean kusvika kuchamhembe abondera kusvikira kunyika vekare vanhu venyika so gungwa guru chaizvo. Zviri mvura iyi, vanhu vakatanga yaro yokutanga-refu dhonza pakufamba.

On wekare mepu nayo (kana kuti, kumadokero chikamu) inonzi "Gungwa vokuEritrea". Uye vokuRussia vekare iye unodana Black. Muzana IV remakore akatanga kuzviratidza nzvanyira pamwe magetsi zita: rechiGiriki "Indikon Pelagos" - "The Sea Indian", Arabic Bar-El-Hindi - "Indian Ocean". Uye nechekare kubva XVI remakore, mhiri kwemakungwa formalize hydronym, iyo wakatangwa nenyanzvi Roman.

jogirafi

Indian Ocean, ane nzvimbo muduku Pacific uye yeAtlantic, muduku uye inodziya zvikuru kupfuura mashoko reservoirs. Ichi muviri mvura anogamuchira dzinoverengeka nehova mudunhu, remasangano pavo - the Limpopo, Tigirisi, Ganges Yufratesi. Okolomaterikovye yomugungwa Mvura turbid nokuda izvo vazvitakure parwizi rukuru ivhu uye jecha, asi isina penzvimbo mvura izvozvo zvinoshamisa yakachena. Muna Indian Ocean zviwi zvizhinji. Vamwe vavo - ngwanda of kondinendi yekare. The pakukura - Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Maldives, Seychelles nevamwe vazhinji.

makungwa Seven nematanhatu bays, uyewo mamwe pakamanikana ndiye Indian Ocean. nzvimbo yavo kunopfuura miriyoni 11 mativi mamita. ? km. The dzakakurumbira - Red (saltiest munyika), muArabhia, Gungwa Andaman, wokuPezhiya uye ari Bay pamusoro Bengal.
Ocean riri pamusoro yekare tectonic mahwendefa, kufamba kusvikira ikozvino. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, munzvimbo dziri kakawanda tsunami uye kuputika pasi pemvura anoputika.

okunze indices

Indian Ocean, imwe nzvimbo dzinopfuura mamiriyoni 76 mativi mamita. km riri mana okunze zvikamu. North rwizi bheseni kukanganiswa ari kondinendi Asian, ndokusaka paiva kakawanda Tsunami chairwo monsoon ekunze. Nokuda dzakakwirira tembiricha mvura neshungu kwazvo, saka gungwa uye inlets uko chaizvo. In rwezasi, dzaitongwa kumaodzanyemba kutengeserana mhepo ake mhepo inotonhora. Pakati inopisa yemadutu kazhinji kuumba.

The ekunze muenzaniso yose aumbwa monsoon - mhepo kuti kuchinja mirayiridzo zvichienderana nemwaka. Just vaviri: muzhizha - hot uye kuchinaya uye chando, pamwe nokukurumidza nokuchinja okunze, dzimwe nguva achiperekedzwa semadutu nemafashamo.

Flora uye fauna of

Indian Ocean, riri guru nzvimbo yakakwana, ine zvikuru dzakasiyana kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, zvose panyika uye mumvura chikamu. Tropical akapfuma plankton, iyo, kusiyana Pacific, rizere luminous zvinenge. A kuwanda crustaceans, muramba uye Squid. Hove ndiyo inonyanya mhando kugadzikana, uturu gungwa nyoka, Tuna, mhando dzakawanda Sharks. Water expanses kuona hove huru, zvisimbiso Dolphins. Coast akasarudzwa hofori nenjiva uye nzou seal.

Kubva siyana shiri dzinogona kusiyaniswa albatrosses uye frigate. Uye kumaodzanyemba Africa pane zvakasiyana nevanhu PENGUIN. Munguva shoma mvura korari vachikura, dzimwe nguva zvichiumba zviwi yose. Pakati mazano aya akanaka kumusha nhengo zhinji mudunhu rino - gungwa urchins uye Starfish, magakanje, sechipanji, nekorari hove.

Kufanana mimwe mumvura, kuIndian Ocean rakazara vakawanda mhando algae. Somuenzaniso, Sargassum dziripo uye ari muPacific. Panewo akasvibirira uye simba litotamnii uye halimedy rubatsiro korari kuvaka pazvitsuwa zvacho turbinarii uye Caulerpa achiumba yose pasi pemvura musango. kumiswa mapazi naTidhari Mangroves vakasarudzwa - paukobvu, masango nguva dzose zvakasvibirira.

Economic zvechadenga Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean yakakamurwa pakati huru uye 28 8 Island States. Nokuti vamwe shato huru zvipenyu dziri vatarisana kutsakatika, aimbova zvikuru dzakabudirira yezvokutengeserana whaling anouya maturo. Fishing anotora chikamu chiduku emari nharaunda iyi. Nemhenderekedzo Australia, Bahrain uye Sri Lanka yakabereka nacre namaparera.

Gungwa iri rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose chokufambisa muzinda zvikepe mudunhu. Main gungwa senga nomusimboti - the neSuez Canal, iro rinobatanidza Indian Ocean kusvika kuAtlantic. Kubva ipapo, nzira inozarurirwa kuna Europe uye America. Kunova akawanda yebhizimisi upenyu nharaunda iri kusimbiswa pachiteshi mumaguta - Mumbai, Karachi, Durban, Colombo, Dubai nevamwe.

Nokuti kuti nzvimbo Indian Ocean (mamiriyoni km2) hunopfuura 76, nzvimbo chinobatanidza guru yakawanda chicherwa deposits. Huge deposits vasiri ferrous simbi uye ores. Asi chikuru fuma zvechokwadi vakapfuma mafuta uye gasi. Ivo dzichiitika kunyanya shallows kwePersian Gulf uye Gulf neSuez.

Zvinosuruvarisa mabasa evanhu vari kuva ngozi kune kuvimbika uye kuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Mhiri Indian Ocean muna vakawanda chomuruki kwematangi uye ngarava zvokutengeserana. Chero idonhe, kunyange chiduku, anogona kuva ngozi kune yose.