Dicotyledons: muenzaniso. Monocots uye dicots

Plants - ichi ndechimwe kupfuura uye kupfuura dzakasiyana siyana poushe zvakasikwa. Vanopa zvose zvipenyu kufema mhepo yakachena, inobereka okisijeni kuburikidza photosynthesis. Kupa vanhu uye mhuka dzakawanda nezvokudya uye zvinovaka muviri, shongedza upenyu hwedu uye kuti yakanaka. Chimwe chezvinhu siyana zvikamu ichi umambo anoshamisa angiosperms. About navo uye kutaura zvakare.

Angiosperms: kupatsanura

The dhipatimendi zvinosanganisira wayo sezvamunoita mbiri hombe zvidzidzo:

• monocots;
• bipartite.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunokosha kwete chete nokuda zvakatipoteredza seboka, asiwo vanhu kunyanya. Pashure pezvose, mumwe ane chete kanenge mashoma vamiririri, izvo rinoumbwa monocots uye zita dicots, pakarepo mienzaniso kusimbisa kwavo kukuru inoshanda kukosha muupenyu hwevanhu. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinosanganisira:

• rye, gorosi, oats, mupunga, Buckwheat;
• rosehips, mbatatisi, madomasi, eggplant nezvimwe zvirimwa;
• zhinji yemakwati.

Kazhinji, kusiyana angiosperms mazana ezviuru (anenge 350,000). Saka vose monocots uye dicots, mienzaniso zvinogona kuguma refu zvikuru nguva, vane unhu avo marongerwo, nzira youpenyu, pezvakaitwa upenyu. We funga mumwe nemakirasi - dicots. Ngationgororei kuti maitiro vane miti izvi, izvo zvinoshanda kwavari uye chii kukosha kwavo.

Kirasi Family dicots

The kupatsanura zvingava zvakasiyana. Kune akawanda mikana:

• Takhtajan hurongwa;
• Rivila maitiro;
• APG;
• Dahlgren uye Thorne;
• Cronquist.

Mumwe kutora sepokutangira zvimwe zviratidzo uye akaparadzanisa kirasi yose iri mirairo mhuri kana Sub-makirasi. Vanhuwo zvavo, Kunyatsoziva chikoro ichi taxonomic Unit, semhuri. Naizvozvo, isu nyora rakajairika uye vakawanda mapoka kuti vari chikamu kirasi mubvunzo.

1. Butterfly, kana bhinzi. Ndezvipi zvirimwa vari dicotyledonous pano? Somuenzaniso: pizi pakudyara, chemombe, apila, nzungu, chinzvimbo, nemiakasia, Astragalus, pizi, carob, uye vamwe.
2. Rosaceae. Mienzaniso: ndokusimuka hudyu, nomuapuri, peya, puramu, Strawberry, razibheri uye nevamwe.
3. Cruciferous, kana Brassica. A chaiwo mumiririri - makabheji. Dicots, muenzaniso rinogona achiri kunzi kumhuri iyi - radish. Uyewo: yemasitadha, chando cress, sverbigi, romufudzi chikwama. pamusoro chete 3 zviuru marudzi.
4. Asteraceae - kusanganisira nhengo dzaro vazhinji sora, somushonga, zvokudya uye zvokudya zvinomera. Representatives: chamomil, voikukka, asteri, cornflower, sunflower uye nevamwe.
5. Nightshade. Dicots, muenzaniso kunogona pano - the domatisi. Uye pamwe chete nacho, uye vakawanda zvikuru miriwo zvirimwa uchikudziridzwa murume (nembatatisi, eggplant, etc.). Izvi zvinoshandawo mumhuri uye muchetura kwazvo belladonna.

Zvishoma kuzivikanwa munyika yedu mhuri akadai:

• Laurel;
• Crassulaceae;
• portulacaceae;
• mazambiringa;
• pemiti;
• nhanga;
• Begoniaceae;
• nzungu;
• the willow;
• amburera;
• Birch nevamwe.

Kutaura zvazviri, vakawanda vavo, saka zvakaoma yokuverenga zvose. Ngatichiongororai chii vanhuwo zvinhu nokugarwa vamiririri vose bipartite.

Zvakakurukurwa sechivako bipartite

Kufanana zvose yepamusoro miriwo, vane hunde, shizha, mudzi, ruva. Kana totaura huni siyana, ndiko kuti, hunde uye mapazi. Kazhinji, sechivako bipartite chirimwa hapana akasiyana nevamwe. Zvisinei, pane zvinoratidza kuti kupatsanura dzimwe siyana kukirasi ichi.

Izvi maitiro Data ndivo kuzivikanwa kwavo kunobva monocots, nekuti zvose maruva huru zvikamu zvakafanana, zvakaoma zvakanaka Nenyaya Iyi mhando taxa, kana iwe hauzivi chaidzo zvinhu.

Key zvinhu

Saka, zvinotevera parameters unosimbiswa:

1. Venation mashizha akawanda pamumbure.
2. The midzi - tsvimbo, kazhinji kwenguva refu.
3. Formula mamiriro ruva: W ₄ L ₄ T _{2 + 4} P _1. Kazhinji, nhamba zvikamu inofanira vakawanda kuti kana 4 kana 5.
4. Pakati xylem uye phloem riri cambium rukoko uye siyana vane Woody hunde.
5. Lamina vendu kazhinji zvakaipa.

Izvi zviratidzo dicotyledons haatauri kuti nhengo dzose dziri kurongwa chete saka kwete zvimwe uye. Sezvaingoitwawo, pano zvakare, kune kunze, mumwe mubatanidzwa.

Zvisinei, chinonyanya chinokosha - ndechokuti dicots mbeu vane cotyledons vaviri, akaronga imwe. Muenzaniso nzungu kana nebhinzi zvinokwanisika kuona zvakajeka chete kusimira ziso. Pano chiratidzo nevanhu vose pasina chaakasiya vamiriri bipartite. Zvakanga kwaari, uye vakatanga zita ravo.

Dicotyledons: mienzaniso, mapikicha

Hatina vatopa mienzaniso mizhinji yakasiyana veboka iri. Asi kunyanya vakagara chete vaya rudzi kuti kukura munyika yedu. Below unogona kuona mapikicha zvimwe endemics wokumwe Russian okunze havasi akakodzera. Izvi, somuenzaniso:

• Laurel;
• Delonix regia;
• sundew;
• Sarracenia;
• Nepenthes;
• Teak;
• Black uye mahogany, uye vamwe.

The Photo anoratidza kuti vose vane akanaka uye zvakajeka mavara halos. Kazhinji, rinenge zvose dicotyledons vane maruva yokushamisira. Zvisinei, pane kunze pakati masora.

Magnolia kirasi dzinonakidza. Mumwe mhando - nayo dicot. Muenzaniso mhuri iyi - Magnolia stellata. Very akaisvonaka chirimwa East. About iye kunyora kujairika uye kudanana ngano. Magnolias Chikamu tsika kunyika yeSouth zhinji.

Spicy zvirimwa

For dicots uye inosanganisira vamiririri zvikuru anonhuwira, zvinonhuwirira marudzi - Beans. Somuenzaniso, yakadai se:

• sinamoni;
• Laurel;
• dzekorianderi;
• pekumini;
• anise;
• neadhiri;
• parsley;
• allspice, uye vamwe.

Chokwadi, basa ravo yaigadzira zvokudya riri guru. Pashure pezvose, kunze achida - kuvandudza kunaka akagadzirira nezvirongo kuvapa chaiyo pakubika, vari kushandiswa uye kuti chipimo chemushonga siyana.

amburera

Kirasi dicots zvinosanganisira nhengo dzaro mhuri akadai amburera, kana celery. Chavainyanya runoratidza - anozivikanwa Inflorescence muchimiro amburera. Masvinga duku maruva vakaungana mune rakachenuruka, mavara kashoma rinobwinya. Zvisinei, chii chaizvo chinosiyanisa pavo, zviri munhuwi. Vamiririri All zvine yakawanda zvinokosha anonhuwirira, tannins, alkaloids. Naizvozvo, hwema amburera vakapararira kure kumativi munzvimbo vari kukura.

Vamiririri zvinotevera:

• dzekorianderi;
• makarotsi;
• azhgon;
• celery;
• fennel;
• parsnips;
• Kufambira chepfu ;
• hemlock;
• mhou parsnip;
• thoroughwax;
• astrantia;
• feverweed;
• goutweed uye nevamwe.

Kune sezvo uturu, uye anobatsira kwazvo munhu chirimwa. Uyewo, vazhinji decoration.

Rosaceae

The inonyanya kufarirwa mumiririri - dzomusango akasimuka kana akamuka. Iri dicotyledon chirimwa, muenzaniso iyo nguva dzose kunotungamirira, zvakaoma anouya mhuri Rosaceae. Asi, chokwadi, kwete chete ndiko chikamu ichi zvinonaka taxon. Sei zvinonaka? Nekuti ndizvo zvinosanganisira:

• razibheri;
• Cherry;
• dhureni;
• Quince;
• maonde;
• womuapuro muti;
• Saskatoon;
• Rowan;
• apirikoti;
• Cherry;
• almonds nevamwe vamiririri Appetizing chaizvo.

Kuwedzera palatability, vari zvakare zvinokosha yokuisira mavhitamini, chicherwa macro- uye microelements uye siyana yeimwe.

Pakati zvatinosiita manyoro chimiro: bloodroot munhuwo, yorukato, hemp, avens nevamwe.

Asteraceae

To mhuri iri herbaceous, kashoma Woody zvinomera, Perennial plants. Vamiririri zhinji zvokuti vakawana zvinenge pasi pose. Asteraceae mune dzinopisa uye kweArctic. Ndiwo kupfuura vakawanda uye siyana boka bipartite zvose.

Mienzaniso zvinogona kukonzera mazana. Ndezvipi wakakurumbira, kuva akajeka pamusoro chero Kunyanya chirimwa mune mubvunzo:

• asteri;
• sunflower;
• voikukka;
• Dahlia;
• chicory;
• marigolds;
• chamomil;
• Daisy;
• Serratula;
• Ambrosia nevamwe.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru vamiririri vari:

• Scalesia Pedunculata;
• brachylaena chiyero.

Dzinonakidza nokuti muti simba chaizvo kureba 20/40 metres, ukuwo. In skalezii maruva anonhuwira chaizvo yero, vakaungana pana kumuromo kwematanda pamatavi. A muzvizhinji muti kwakadaro vanoumba matanda yose Galapagos Islands.

Brachylaena Meran chinokura muna South Africa neMadagascar. 40 mamita. Maruva yakakura chaizvo, vakaungana panicles panguva mazano pamatavi.