Territory asati 1917: yacho gavhuna, nzvimbo uye ruwa Russian Empire

The weboka nyika kupinda nyoreka munzvimbo yagara rimwe nheyo Russian wehurumende hurongwa. Miganhu mukati munyika achinja nguva, kunyange muzana rino remakore rechi21, pasi administrative kuchinja. Uye pavaipfuura Moscow umambo uye Russian Empire, ichi chakaitika zvikuru nokuda accession munyika itsva, shanduko simba rezvematongerwo enyika kana kosi.

The weboka nyika iri 15-17 emakore fung

Panguva pavaipfuura Moscow State dzinokosha miganhu administrative dzakabatana dzaiva mumaruwa. Vakanga riri mukati kumuganhu kamwe akazvimirira ukuru kutongwa namambo akadyara nemagavhuna. Zvinokosha kuona kuti mune European kwenyika maguta makuru (Tver, Vladimir, Rostov, Nizhny Novgorod nevamwe.) Vakanga akazvimirira administratively nenharaunda yacho County havana zvaisanganisira, kunyange zvazvo yadzo. Muzana remakore rechi21, akadaro aiva Moscow, inova musimboti mudunhu raro of facto asi of jure zviri guta yeUnited kukosha, kureva munhu yoga nharaunda.

Mumwe County, akavapindurawo, yakakamurwa townships - munzvimbo musimboti raiva guru mumusha kana kataundi pamwe yakanga yakabatana nyika. Uyewo ari kuchamhembe munyika asangana weboka mumisasa, makuva, musha kana Misha uwandu siyana.

The vakakoshesa muganhu kana nharaunda ichangobva aiva mumaruwa. Somuenzaniso, nyika Onega Lake kusvika kuchamhembe chikamu Mountains Ural uye kumhenderekedzo kweArctic Ocean vakadanwa Pomerania. A Left-bhengi Ukraine, rwakazokura chikamu Moscow umambo mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16, nokuda chinzvimbo chayo se "nyika akatambudzika", mukuru vagari (Cossacks) yakakamurwa regiments - Kyiv, Poltava, chernihiv nezvakadaro.

Kazhinji, mukuru weboka Moscow State akanga dzinovhiringidza chaizvo asi akabvumira kukudziridza dzinokosha pamusoro izvo rokutarisira mundima dzinotevera emakore. Uye anokosha vavo - mumwe-murume zvakanaka.

The weboka nyika muzana remakore rechi18

Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, kugadzwa administrative weboka nyika kwakaitika mumatanho anoverengeka, kuchinja iyo chikuru chakaitika muzana remakore rechi18. Province of Russian hwacho yakabuda mushure nezvomurau Peter I muna 1708, uye pakutanga kwakanga chete 8 - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Arkhangelsk, Kiev, Azov, Kazan uye kuSiberia. Makore mashomanana gare gare ivo vakawedzera Riga uye Astrakhan province. Mumwe nomumwe wavo akagamuchira kwete chete nenyika viceroy (gavhuna), asi yayo mufananidzo.

Vakadzidza kumatunhu zvakanga huru, uye saka havaratidzi vakakwanisa. Naizvozvo, zvinotevera kuchinja vakanga zvainanga rutapudzo kwavo uye kupatsanurwa omurume dzakabatana. The chikuru kwawakabva uyu muitiro:

1. The nadzurudzo wechipiri Peter I 1719, umo mupurovhinzi yeRussian Empire akatanga kugovera ematunhu uye mumaruwa. Zvadaro, yokupedzisira yakanga yatsiviwa mumaruwa.
2. The kuchinja zvinhu 1727, kuramba kunoita unbundling ndima. Maererano ahwo, paiva 14 mumatunhu nemaruwa 250.
3. Reform yamavambo ushe Catherine I. Mumakore 1764-1766 paiva paumbwe muganhu uye mumaruwa mudunhu.
4. Catherine nadzurudzo muna 1775. Akasaina ne Empress "Institutions nokuda kurapa enyika" anozivikanwa zvikuru yaiona uye miganhu kuchinja nyika kare, izvo rwakatora makore 10.

Pakupera kwezana remakore nyika muzvikamu 38 governorships, 3 mumatunhu uye kumatunhu vane chinzvimbo chinokosha (Tauride). Mukati nharaunda yose kwave dzinounzwa dzoruwa 483, yakazova muduku miganhu chimwe.

Vicariate uye mupurovhinzi wokuRussia Empire muzana remakore rechi18, mumwe pfupi-aigara anotenderwa Catherine I miganhu. Process administrative kupesana mberi munzvimbo inotevera remakore.

The weboka nyika muzana remakore rechi19

Shoko rokuti "ruwa Russian Empire" akadzoka panguva Paul I zvinhu, izvo akaita kundikana kuedza kuderedza uwandu kumatunhu kubva 51 kusvika 42. Asi vazhinji vavo pavaiita kuchinja vakazopiwa kuchinjwa.

Muzana remakore rechi19, nyika yaiona-miganhu weboka kwacho rinotarisa nokuumbwa kumatunhu ari yokuAsia kwenyika uye zvakabatanidzwa nenharaunda. Pakati zvakawanda zvinodiwa kuti kutaura zvinotevera:

• Apo Alexander I muna 1803 akazviratidza Tomsk uye Yenisei dunhu, uye Kamchatka Territory vakakamukana kubva Irkutsk munyika. Munguva imwe chete yakanga yakaumbwa Grand Duchy pamusoro Finland, Kingdom Polish, Ternopolskaya, Bessarabskaya uye Bialystok province.
• Muna 1822 kuSiberia nyika vakanga vakakamurwa kuva 2 gavhuna - kumavirira pakati Omsk uye East, vakange guru Irkutsk.
• Nechepakati remakore rechi19 zviri akabatanidza nyika Caucasus vakasikwa Tiflis, Shamakhi (Papera Baku), Dagestan, Erivan, Terek, Batumi uye Kutaisi province. A Kunyanya nzvimbo iri Kuban Cossack Army yakabuda munharaunda pamwe kunyika Dagestan ano.
• Maritime nharaunda rakaumbwa muna 1856 kubva yakapoteredzwa nzvimbo East Siberian gavhuna. Nokukurumidza, iye akasarudzwa ari Amur Region, izvo akagamuchira rworuboshwe norwizi zvakafanana zita, uye muna 1884 vakagamuchira mamiriro Sakhalin Island Special Department of Primorye.
• Earth Central Asia uye Kazakhstan akawedzerwa muna 1860-1870-ies. The zvichiguma Ndima yakarongwa munharaunda - Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Uralsk, Turkestan, kuti Transcaspian nevamwe.

Kumatunhu ari European kwenyika kwakawedzerwawo zvakawanda kuchinja - miganhu kazhinji achinja, redistributed nyika, renaming kwakaitika. Panguva murimi mudiki kuchinja mumaruwa ruwa Russian Empire muzana remakore rechi19 yakanga rakakamurwa townships kuti vakasununguka nokuparadzirwa uye zvemari munyika.

The weboka nyika muzana remakore rechi20

Mumakore okupedzisira makore 17 ariko wokuRussia Empire ari yaiona-miganhu kupesana kwakaitika chete kuchinja maviri:

• Sakhalin nharaunda, kusanganisira chitsuwa eponymous uye akapoteredza muzvitsuwa zviduku uye archipelagos yakaumbwa.
• Musi yakatora nyika wokumaodzanyemba kweSiberia (yazvino Republic of vokuTuva) Uryankhai nharaunda akasikwa.

Province of Russian Empire rakaramba nemiganhu dzavo uye mazita 6 makore pokuwa nyika, kureva, kusvikira 1923, apo kuchinja zvinhu zoning yakatanga muSoviet Union.