Ndeipi nharo iri zvipenyu: tsanangudzo, mamiriro uye mashandiro

The spores zvipenyu - masero zvinoshamisa. On Earth, vangava vari ezvinhu yakaderera chaizvo kana mukuru tembiricha yakakwirira kumanikidzwa uye radioactive nemwaranzi. Rakaratidza kuti gakava iri kunyange muchadenga, anofamba wezvose. Ndeipi nharo iri zvipenyu? Chii zvakavanzika masero aya?

Gakava: tsananguro iri zvipenyu

Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki rinoreva "mbeu." Asi kuvapo masero aya haasi okune miti. Chii nharo? In zvipenyu, pane pfungwa yakajeka; ndicho masero asexual kubereka. Uchibatsirwa yavo, kubereka kwacho rinoitwa utachiona vakadaro pachavo - celled zvinenge pasina core.

Howa kugonawo sporulation. Munhu wose akaona kuti chingwa, inova nguva ari epurasitiki mubhegi anotanga ngavafukidzwe chena maruva - kwakatanga kuva anoumba. Nokufamba kwenguva, Dombo anotanga kuwana vachena kana mitema. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chakuvhe akaumba spores uye otanga muwande. Heuno mumwe muenzaniso. Mune nyorova kamuri anoumba aiwanzowanika pamadziro, izvo kutanga "ruva". Bvisai Foroma panonetsa, nokuti chakuvhe anokwanisa agovere spores pamusoro chinhambwe mamita anoverengeka.

mamiriro

Saka isu mawana, chii gakava. In zvipenyu, zvose zvipenyu masangano vari kurapwa tichitarisa ukama marongerwo uye mabasa. asexual kubereka masero kuuya dzakasiyana zvitarisiko: elliptical, denderedzwa, denderedzwa. Sezvo ivo husingakwanisi dzakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu zvikonzero, pemvura mudziyo hwakarongwa munzira chaiyo. Inoitwa anoshongwa maviri, nzvimbo yaiva pakati pavo uzere mapuroteni dzakaoma yeimwe pamwe makabhohaidhiretsi. Kusimbisa kudzivirira zvemaziso ekushandiswa ndiyo imwe gakava pamusoro wayo pechiso vane dzidzo chaiyo, iyo vanonzi "mbabvu".

Internal Sero kugutsikana kuti asexual kubereka anomiririrwa cytoplasm - rwomukati semiliquid svikiro. It Vakaronga chromosome uye mapuroteni usage midziyo.

kusawirirana miti

With masero aya, vakawanda chirimwa zvinenge vanokwanisa bereka.

Spore zvinomera - ari mudziyo nokuda kubereka wokutanga uye kupfuura chinyakare zvirimwa. Izvi anonyanya algae. Somuenzaniso, rimwe-celled siyana zoospores chlamydomonas - masero motile. Somugumisiro, imwe nzira dzakawanda dzakafanana zvinenge.

Yokutanga vatamira munyika, yepamusoro spore miti, muri kugonawo sporulation. Mosses, tsvimbo mosses, horsetails uye ferns vanoumba rinokosha nhengo ine asexual kubereka - sporangia. Dzine masero uye asexual kubereka. Plants kuti vane miviri yakadaro, inonzi sporophytes. Panguva mossy rutsoka sporangia akapa vane bhokisi. Kana kuibva, Kamudzira iri pachena, masero achawira pasi. In pamberi mvura, ivo imere kurara chizvarwa - gametophyte, uko kunomiririrwa mu chikwindi zvakasvibirira vachiwaridza "makapeti". Zvakasiyana ndozvazvakaita dzimwe nhengo miriwo inobereka spore-kuti vakajaira kuona somunhu gametophyte - minyoro. In miti izvi pane inofanira alternation pabonde uye asexual zvizvarwa.

kwemabhakitiriya spores

Chirwere spores - ari muchitokisi kwete chete izvo nhengo Anowanza. Under yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu utachiona kuti adzivirire, kwete kufa. Zvachinja kupinda nharo umo uwandu mwando ipfupi zvikuru zvinoderedza kusimba pamwero zvipenyu zvose zvirimo. Kana mamiriro ezvinhu ari kuchinja nani, gakava paachabvisa paganda, zvirume chose chine musoro utachiona. Mumwe anogona kugumisa kuti sporulation utachiona haisi nzira kubereka, uye mukana wokupona.

Ndeipi nharo iri zvipenyu yagara kuzivikanwa. Sezvo rokutanga zvipenyu ndiye maberekero muitiro akatora nzvimbo achibatsirwa masero aya. Chokwadi, kusawirirana regai kupa recombination yokugara zvinhu, zvichiguma chidzoke idzva anobatsira zvinhu hazvitomboiti. Zvisinei, imwe yakatofanana chaiyo mumuviri uye kuchengetedzwa zvivako zvose kusawirirana iko.