"Tigers Asian" - the kurongwa zita upfumi South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong uye Taiwan

Tiger - yakakura mhuka yacho katsi mhuri. Kubva nyika anotsanangura zvikara kukura wechipiri chete chena uye mashava nebere. Chokuita nayo simba, kumhanya, simba.

Pakati yasara mhuka matanhatu subspecies remhuka ichi hachisi zvakadaro, izvo zvinogona kutaurwa kuti "ingwe Asian". Kunyange zvazvo Amur uye Bengal, Indochinese uye malayan, Sumatran uye Chinese, pfungwa, yakakura Asian katsi.

zita rakanaka

To chii kunyanya mhando Fani kana zvakafanana izwi rinoshanda uye, vose zvavo, chii chinonzi "Tigers Asian"? Zviri pachena kuti zvimwe zvinhu vari Asia. "Tigers" - nyika iyi. Economy Nyika zvina - Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan uye South Korea - akaita kufambira mberi kukuru kwakadaro mune kukura kwayo munguva kubva 60s kusvika 90s remakore rapfuura, kuti mumwe nomumwe nyika idzi akagamuchira mune dzakawanda vezvenhau ndibatsireiwo zita - iri "Tigers Asian" . Asi ivo vanonzi "East Asian Tigers", kana "zvina zviduku Asian shato".

Uye fananidzo kukura upfumi pamwe Tigers saka yakaramba kuti kwaiva kuchine "zvina itsva Asian ingwe" - Indonesia, Philippines, Thailand uye Malaysia, izvo chaizvo zvinobudirira mune achangopfuura makore. "Celtic Tiger" Ireland akanga asarudzirwa kukura upfumi, "Balkan" - Serbia, "Tatra" - mu Slovakia, "Latino" - Chile. Pakanga kunyange rokuti "kuBaltic ingwe", asi akanga anyangarika.

The huru pfuma

Ngano "Asian Tigers" (wave rokutanga munyika) vane zvakawanda zvakafanana kwavo zvoupfumi mitemo. Chekutanga, zviremera vatungamiri hunoshamisa. Nokuda pfungwa dzavo zvakafanana akachenjera urongwa zvinosiyana jogirafi, nhoroondo uye vatorwa mutemo munyika yave yakasarudzwa. Chechipiri, vose "Asian Tigers" (nyika Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea, uye Hong Kong) kunyimwa zvicherwa. Asi ndizvo zvakaitika kare kuti chavainyanya kwehwamanda kadhi, izvo akabvumira kuti isina kumboitika achikwakuka ari upfumi, uye achiri ari ndokugadzira nokuda emakore zvetsika Confucian wokurera uye hasha rinorema basa pamusoro minda mupunga iri zvakachipa uye kusimba anozvibata kubasa. Fani iyi inonzi "Far Eastern hunhu," chikuru zviri izvo: zvakaoma, kuteerera, pavanogadzira kapoka dzidzo uye kubudirira evanhu, vasina diki kukosha kwaiva uye pfungwa tsika dzemhuri.

A pachena chepfungwa wokumwe negwaro

Country, kungova "Asian Tigers" wokutanga wave, aiva mashoma zvinhu zvakafanana. Zviremera vari anomanikidza hwoudzvinyiriri, uye hurumende vachishingaira apindira iri upfumi, zvisinei, capitalism muHong Kong kwava pedyo akarurama yakanaka. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti "chishamiso upfumi" iri kwazvo kushingaira kusimudzirwa, munhu hwokunyanyisa, ngwizhingwi Anti-Soviet wokuti nyika idzi. In dzoka, vanopiwa West misoro zvemari uye kwesayenzi rubatsiro.

Zviri Taiwan upfumi

Ava vaiva vanhuwo zvinhu kuri muna States, inozivikanwa se "Tigers Asian." Countries, izvo pamusoro apa, akanga, Chokwadi, zvinokosha kusiyana kukura kwavo. Somuenzaniso, Taiwan akaita bheji pamusoro yokutanga pave diki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi, ane zvinhu pamwe Chikwata "Made in Taiwan" kunge Ugare nyika. Mune nenzvimbo Mupfungwa - chitsuwa chiri muPacific Ocean, chiri 150 chete kubva kumabvazuva chikamu China. The zvoupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika - iri zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nehurumende - Republic of China. It chinorehwa nezita "Tigers duku Asian" (Taiwan).

pakuvambwa Baba

An dzinonakidza Chokwadi ndechokuti anobudirira mutungamiri dzeTaiwan ndigowana mazwi maviri - Tszyan Tszingo, uye umo paiva zvoupfumi budiriro, munhu aiva zvinopfuura kunoshamisa. Mwanakomana Chan Kayshi, akatumwa kudzidza muMoscow, iye akagara zvake mukoma Anna V. I. Lenina Ilinichny hanzvadzi Anna, uye kunyange akatora unonzi - Elizarov. Tszyan Tszingo aiva sachigaro seboka purazi pedyo Moscow, uye aishanda "Uralmash", asingaiti kumutadzisa kudzoka kunyika yokumusha kwake uye vaitungamirira hurumende Taiwan noutsinye vasaziva aifarira unongotaura. Annual GDP kukura pamusoro 60-90-ies kwakati 6.7%.

The uchityaira simba youpfumi Taiwan raMwari

Kuvimba chisingakoshi basa, makambani akawanda Western vakatamira mabhizimisi avo munyika akasarudzwa se "Tigers Asian." Taiwan aiva mumwe wavo. Engine hwenyika kwemakore anoda kusvika 40 kwave dzimwe zvokutengeserana, 98% zvakanga maindasitiri zvinhu. nyika iyi akagadza kutengeserana ukama 60 inotaura. Taiwan haana zvakakwana simba kuti Export kuti 98%. Zvino pane 3 akavaka simba renyukireya zvinomera, izvo zvinopa vanopfuura 20% munyika kuparadzwa, uye akaisa nyika musi wa15 nzvimbo pakati States nhengo renyukireya. Kwete zvose vakaenda zvakanaka munzira nokukurumidza kukura.

yakaorera makore

Mumakore 50, US akapa chitsuwa rudzi nemari simba (30% kuti mari yose munyika). Chokutanga, hurumende yakaita mutemo imupota kuzvitsinhanisa, iyo akapa simba zvakasimbisa kukura maindasitiri zvekutepfenyura. Zvadaro, pashure zvipfuwo musika saturation, upfumi vakatanga kutendeuka vakananga pakuwedzera kunze kwenyika.

Yomuka munyika ekisipoti-maindasitiri zvikamu (wokutanga - Kaohsiung) vakabatsira kuvandudzika pakati zvesayenzi uye michina zvinogona.

Vakandomira dambudziko

Muchizvarwa akaberekwa uye yakura kusimba "Asian ingwe" Taiwan. Nyika vakapona rinorema kwake kwemakore 70 paakabatwa risingabatanidzwi United Nations uye zvakanga dzakawanda nevamwe, sezvo US izvozvo haachandidi chose. Zvisinei, hurumende chinozoiswa 10 chirongwa mune indasitiri, yokufambisa uye simba renyukireya, izvo akabvumira kukudziridza rinorema indasitiri. Kunyange Asian dambudziko 1997, zvishoma akabata muTaiwan. Chiratidzo zvoupfumi chishamiso munyika uyu skyscraper "Taipei 101", wechipiri chirefu kupfuura chivakwa kwenyika.

Singapore - Asian nedhaimani

Imwe nyika ina - Singapore - "Asian ingwe". Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudzokorora "chishamiso upfumi" rudzi urwu chitsuwa (zvitsuwa 63), hapana achagona kwemamwe makore 50. Baba "chishamiso" anonzi kuva ichangobva kufa Lee Kuan Yew Kunyanya nokuda kwayo gwara imwe nyika iyo haana kunyange kunwa mvura yavo, ratova nyika pamwe dzidzo mugadziriro, mitero uye utano. mamiriro aya mabhanga, nhurikidzwa dzakawanda nezvaiitika uye kwazvo mikuru. Mumwe wokutanga Tsoka gweta kwakajeka akava anotyisa kurwisa uori, pasinei kuti rutivi upenyu Asian. Muhondo iyi akakunda. Kubvira pakutanga chaipo, hurumende atanga kuvandudzika kuti mararamiro, mumwe mukuru zvinangwa mune mirayiridzo iyi kwaiva nechokwadi ose Singaporean pachake dzimba. baba rudzi akafa muchirimo 2015, iye zvachose akatonga nyika kwemakore anopfuura 30. Naye bhayibhayi nokuti vhiki, vagari vanoonga akadzivirira 8-awa tungamidzana.

Nhengo Big Twenty

Back kune "Tigers Asian" vari South Korea uye Hong Kong. Baba-convert yokutanga munyika idzi ndiwo Pak Chọn Hi, uyo akauya simba muna 1961 mune zvemauto akabvuta chigaro. The peculiarity hupfumi achikwakuka South Korea ndiyo kwokutanga ritaure pakusika hombe Holdings multi-mhuri "chebol". Yakanga kopi pre-hondo mitemo youmambo Japan. Hurumende chinovhiringidza kwete chete munzvimbo dzemabhizimisi - akanga pasi masimba.

Pak Chọn Hi twaunganidzwa makambani akawanda mumaindasitiri siyana, uye akaita bheji pamusoro pavo, vachivabatsira rutsigiro kusingaenzaniswi hurumende, izvo nounyanzvi kukwezvwa huru yavatorwa inivhesitimendi. Upfumi munyika iyi yokuAsia - rimwe remasangano munyika. Udyire General rava yezvechitendero. Fighter pamusoro uori, akabvunza kubva utungamiriri "chebol" vakakwana uye kwokuteerera kwakakwana kuti hurumende kuti zvido. Uye izvi Holdings mhuri vava pezvitsiga nyika-raizivikanwa akadai Samsung, LG, Daewoo, Hyundai, Kia nevamwe. Kana ukaronga G20 muna 1999, South Korea akabatana ipapo nokusarurama.

Hong Kong kuti chaiyo

Wechina "duku Asian Tigers" ndiye Hong Kong, izvo kubva 1997 ndiyo chikamu China, asi panguva imwe chete anonakidzwa widest zvichibvira kuzvionera. Ndiye vakapfuma guta riri China.

The uchityaira simba rayo hupfumi achikwakuka ndiwo basa okunze, mamiriro ezvinhu zvakasikwa zvebhizimisi. Kuti akwezve kunyika yakawanda sezvingabvira mari, zvipingamupinyi zvose nenzira zvemichina uye guru vakaparadzwa kuHong Kong. Kuderedza uwandu nouori, mutero unodiwa aburuka, kuparadzwa nokutaurisa muboka revatungamiriri. Uye mari akadira muguta iro dzimba pakukura nhamba enyika mahofisi, nekuti iri chepamusoro enyika pamwe chemhando indekisi zvoupfumi rusununguko Hong Kong rakava kutanga. Apo kupfuura wevasungwa pamusoro billionaires - 3 paminiti mamiriyoni 1 kwevanhu. Figure ndiye soro munyika. Muguta rino zvose zviri mudzimba maoko uye zviremera vane chokuita dzebhizimisi. Havasi nyika dzose mudunhu - ". Asian Tigers" Japan uye China hamuzi kwavari, asi ivo, pamwe "makava maduku" vari Asia raMwari dzakapfuma uye kwete chete.