National Sustainable Development Strategy

On nokuda Hurumende Russia yava yakatanga inogona kuenderera mberi mazano 2020, unonzi - "Strategy 2020". It vakashanda pariri kupfuura chiuru nyanzvi kwegore, uye muna 2011 tichibatsirwa nyanzvi uye Hse RANHiGS ivo kukurira chirongwa. Iyi shanduro kukura CRA (kwenguva yepfungwa), rokutanga shanduro rakapedzwa muna 2007 neShumiro Economic Development nemamwe masangano wechipiri, uye kukura akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze nokuda President of Russian Federation.

Tsanangudzo yokutanga ndiyo

Concept (Strategy) Sustainable Development rokutanga shanduro yakanga yakagadzirirwa kuziva nzira uye zvinoreva inonzi refu-refu, kutsigira zvakanaka vemo Russian, National kuchengeteka, kukumikidza kukura hwenyika, achisimbisa nzvimbo Russia munyika munharaunda. Development rwakaripoteredza maonero kubva 2008 kusvika 2020, uye ayo yokupedzisira chinyorwa (CRA 2020), hurumende mvumo November 2008.

Pakuonekwa rechipiri kuzvipedza zvakanga zvakakodzera nokuda kwezvikonzero zviviri. A inogona kuenderera mberi urongwa rakagamuchirwa panguva apo zvinokosha kuedza dzakawanda zvemari uye zvoupfumi. Apo pfungwa yakazokudziridzwa, hakuna kukanganiswa nyika dzose, chete yakatanga, kuti izvo Russian Federation haana kushanda. Zvisinei, kutenderwa zvirongwa inogona kuenderera mberi kwaiva kuwa 2008, apo dambudziko vakapinda nyika yedu. The chaizvoizvo vari kuchinja nokukurumidza, uye zvakaguma kuti kunyange panguva kuitwa pfungwa zvose postulates dzayo dzakanga yechinyakare.

dambudziko

Dambudziko kwakaita kuti rakapinza kwazvo, uye gobvu kuwa zvose zvoupfumi zviratidzo, uye saka nhamba huru bhuku pfungwa, kunyange danho rokutanga CRA 2020 akatendeuka unfeasible. Pakutanga National Sustainable Development Strategy dzaitangira 2007 kusvika 2012. Rakanga aronga pakazopera iyi, kuzadzisa kuwedzera upenyu anotarisirwa makore maviri nehafu.

GDP vanofanira kukura nokuda matatu namasere muzana yauinayo kukura kusvika mana imwe muzana. GDP unofanira kuderedza simba manwiro nemapfumbamwe muzana. mari Real vari akaronga kuwedzera mashanu nezvina kubva muzana. Pane dzimwe varipo vazhinji, kuzadzisa mukana havana kuzombouya.

Chikonzero chechipiri

By yezvakaita kukura National inogona kuenderera mberi urongwa hwake Shanduro yokutanga zvakanga pachena departmental apo kwakaratidza raputika zvose quantitative benchmarks kuti zvinoda kuitwa 2020, mune chimwe nechimwe nharaunda. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvaisangana Russian nzanga uye upfumi yaro, vari vakaongorora zvose zvakanga zvisina. A nzira vavariro nerimwe akagadzira declaratively.

Somuenzaniso: ". It chichagadzirirwa nzanga yakavakirwa kuzvidavirira uye voruzhinji kuvimba private uye voruzhinji ezvoupfumi masangano Social polarization kuchaita kuderera nokuda mikana yakaenzana kuti siyana muupenyu uye munzanga mufambo, magariro policies kutsigira kudzivirirwa zvikamu vemo uye kusangana vevanhu." Zvechokwadi, mashoko akadaro anogona chete zvinonzwika achirira yake yomukati maturo.

The pfungwa yechipiri

Russian Federation Sustainable Development Strategy zvayo yechipiri shanduro yakazokudziridzwa muna 2011 ne hurongwa Prime Minister. Mapoka nyanzvi vakasikwa uwandu maviri nomumwe, izvo zvakazoita kuti exchanges pakati mumayunivhesiti maviri - the Hse uye RANHiGS mapurezidhendi dzavo Vladimir màu uye Yaroslav Kuzmin. Zvakatora nharo, kurukurirano uye misangano inoverengeka zana. Sustainable Development Strategy kweRussia yakataurwa vokuRussia, uye kwete chete - kupfuura zana nyanzvi kubva kunze kwenyika vachishingaira kubatanidzwa mukusika zano nokuti upenyu mune ramangwana redu kutambura yokumusha.

Pakati vokuRussia, kusika purogiramu tiri kurarama mairi zvino ayo gore rechinomwe, zvikurukuru, aishanda: Lev Yakobson, Evsey Gurvich, Sergei Drobyshevskiy Vladimir Gimpelson Ksenia Yudaeva, Isak Froumin, Alexander Auzan, Mikhail Blinkin uye zvakawanda. Takasangana nguva zvikamu, uye zvinhu inobudiswa padandemutande mapeji vakazvipira "2020 Strategy". Misangano mizhinji yakaitwa pachena nzira, boka akabhadhara yakawanda pfungwa venhau. Sustainable Development Strategy of Republic mune zvinenge zvose Kishi nyika - Kazakhstan, Belarus nevamwe.

Final mushumo

Nyanzvi akavakamura basa rayo muzvikamu zviviri. Wokutanga hafu 2011, kusvikira August, vakadzidza kukura zvavanogona nezviyero kuti zvinoenderana kukura iyi. Pashure paizvozvo, hurumende chakabvumwa ane zvokungoitawo muThe mapeji mazana matanhatu.

Uyezve, mune shumiro uye masangano dzatakurukura uye kutsunga kutungamirira rayo kupedzisa gwaro. Mushumo rakagadzirirwa mune bhuku peji masere nemakumi matanhatu mana December 2011, uye muna March 2012, nzira ine kutsigira socio-zvoupfumi munyika itsva shanduro yakabudiswa (pasi zita refu).

Takabvunza vanhu

Muna 2012, taiita nyaya zvidzidzo kuti ajekese ukama sectors siyana munzanga kune vaitaura zviri 'Strategy 2020 ". Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti gwaro iri kuwanikwa zvakawanda vavengi pane vatsigiri.

Kunyanya zvichemo dzakanga nyaya kuti zvinhu vakabvuma neDare Group 3 (Xenia Yudaeva, Tatyana Maleva), zvakagadzira zvinhu pamusoro mudyandigere ezvinhu, boka 5 (Leonid Hochberg), wairatidza yezwi vawedzere utsanzi, boka 6 (Alexander Galushko Sergey Drobyshevskiy) - iri mutero maitiro , boka 7 (Vladimir Gimpelson nevamwe) pamusoro basa pamusika, vaitamira mitemo uye yekosi.

Basa boka 8 (Isak Froumin Anatoly Kasprzhak) panyaya chikoro chitsva mhosva zvose pasina chaakasiya. Hapana akatenda zvakawanikwa Vladimira Nazarova uye Pauline Kozyrevoj pamusoro rutapudzo kuti kusaruramisira uye urombo alleviation. German Gref uye Oleg Viyugin akaramba nyanzvi. Zvichingodaro. Vanhu kutsigira zvoupfumi kukura nzira iri kwete kuchangotanga nechido haana kukonzera.

chivakwa

Mu "Strategy 2020" zvitsauko makumi maviri nemashanu, ayo dzikarongwa muzvikamu matanhatu. Uyewo pane zviri gwaro chikumbiro ichi, iyo inorondedzera "fiscal rinoshamisa" (yekupindurwa yeUnited bhajeti), pamazita matanho nerimwe divi okukura, izvo vakanga zvakaongororwa nenyanzvi. Zvikamu gwaro zvinosanganisira:

1. itsva kukura womuenzaniso.

2. Macroeconomics. Dzinokosha tigozvarwa kukura.

3. Social negwaro. guta Human.

4. Infrastructure. Dzakafanira zvakatipoteredza, pakati nepakati kukura.

5. An inoshanda mamiriro.

6. hamvuropu okukura.

"Strategy 2020" uye pakuti uye mumwe musimboti, unoedza kusunga imwe ngoro "nzombe uye yaingodedera yengururu". Chokwadi, tinofanira kuva muenzaniso itsva kwezvoupfumi kukura uye munzanga negwaro. Upfumi akasungwa kuti reconstructed: pamwe veMubatanidzwa dambudziko, mudzimba kudiwa akatanga yokuyeresa, uye wokutanga shanduro "nzira" kwaibva kukwirira ake. kunze kwenyika Russian akavakazve kunokwana vapinda zvirango anenge chose, naizvozvo, pfungwa aimbova mutengo maturo. Zvisinei, "Strategy 2020" Anonziwo hamubviswi kure utopian kuzivisa: nyika inoda kukura kwoupfumi kuti zvinenge zvishanu muzana pagore, pasina chikonzero kuvakira pamusoro aina yakatsvuka zvinhu uye reallocation mari mhiri sectors, apo pasi kunyatsoshanda. Ko kure kwedu chokwadi?

rinoshamisa

The chikuru Pfungwa 'Strategy 2020 "- iroro rinoshamisa, iyo aifanira dzinoita activation kuti kare tsva zvinhu zviri makwikwi. Somuenzaniso, vakadaro. High yepamusoro yevanhu uye sayenzi zvinogona. Where kundoitora? Pakati zvitema-chipika sika muchatungidza refu kubva nenyanzvi, nekuti hapana mafekitari, hapana nhengo dzidzo uye Russian nesayenzi zvakanaka basa - harisi zvikuru yakaisvonaka - vari kunzwisisa nemauto-maindasitiri uye nzvimbo indasitiri, unorema yakanakisisa pfungwa kare kushanda kunze nyika.

A Social negwaro yakavakwa nenyanzvi nenzira akadzivirira zvinodiwa varombo vanhu musaita, uye layer izvo zvokurimisa ari itsva kukura, kureva, chete ngano "kirasi pakati" kukwanisa kusarudza chero muenzaniso zvinodyiwa uye basa. Nyanzvi vaifungidzira mune muenzaniso wavo vachiwana kuderera mitengo, kubvuma itsva bhajeti mitemo kuti chibate budgetary mari (zvichienderana mutengo mafuta). Vaiona kukura havashandisi mari basa uye rusina, uye ndizvo zvinoita chigumburiso kugadzikana uye pakati nepakati bhajeti. Nechekare makore mashanu gare gare zviri pachena kuti evanhu chezvawanyora zvachose penyanzvi mune mhiri vanhu. Pano mamiriro ezvinhu haana kuva pazvinhu mabhizimisi zvishoma nehasha mabhizimisi ekunze, pasina kuvandudzwa, yemakwikwi zvakatipoteredza, zvichida vakachengetedzwa, asi kwete mose.

The post-Industrial nyika

Vanamazvikokota makaona upfumi hwedu munguva yemberi iri pedyo, post-maindasitiri, basa nemabhuku maindasitiri, izvo pfungwa kukura guru kwevanhu, kureva kuti upfumi, ichazovapo anokosha mushonga, dzidzo, venhau ruzivo michina, kunyange magadzirirwo. Hapana zvachose munhu yemakwikwi zvinobatsira yaizova kana asina frittered kure nokuda kuramba underfunding vose munzanga gadziriro, uyewo nokuda zvikuru va neudhadha utariri.

"Strategy 2020" ndinoda kudzorera uye kusimbisa izvi okufananidza zvakanakira nyika yedu iri zvokurapa, dzidzo uye tsika nemagariro, asi kuti papi zvino? Avo pfuma yevanhu kuti zvave zvemakwikwi, vachikwegura, uye kudzidzisa itsva kare zvakaipa chaizvo. Kubatwa vaduku vanachiremba zvino kungoti kutyisa kudzidza kubva vaduku vadzidzisi ndiko kushanda chinhu, pamwe netsika, zvakare, hapana chakanaka harisati zvaitika.

zvimwe rinoshamisa

Pambiru-maindasitiri upfumi, uye zvinofanira kuita kuti ichi "fiscal rinoshamisa" nyika, kureva kuchinja pokutanga bhajeti havashandisi mari yakawanda. Nyanzvi dzinodavira 2020 achaita mari kwezvivako mana muzana GDP makuru, uye yokufudza bhajeti, kuderedza mari chete mana muzana munzvimbo kuchengeteka uye kudzivirira, mu kupedza pamusoro pehurumende midziyo, uyewo kuderedza dzinopiwa kuti mabhizimisi. Vagari vanhuwo yeRussia iri nhaurirano nzira iyi "rinoshamisa" vakanga achigumburwa, achidana ichi chirongwa ratyama, vamwe kunyange akashandisa shoko "sabhoteji".

Chero zvazvingava, penyanzvi akapa kupfuura chimwe chiitiko mumwe murayiridzo, kana zvokuchinja havasi kushingaira zvakakwana - kugadzira inertial muchiitiko, uyewo rakaoma, umo mapato havasi kubhadhara kurasikirwa, uye zvakawanda dzakasimukira Muchiitiko, iyo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuchinja, kana zvinodiwa pokuita mapoka vari kufungwa napo. Enyika sarudza zvakanakisisa.

Nyanzvi uye masimba

Kana Mushumo wokupedzisira yakabudiswa, ivo curators basa iri kuverengwa nokutsigirwa isiyo huru vaitaura neMutungamiriri weNyika uye hurumende, pasinei nokuti zvakasiyana vaivapo pakutanga. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya pamusoro mudyandigere kuchinja.

Somugumisiro, vazhinji zvokudya "Strategy 2020" achitoita zvaisanganisira mune purogiramu mabasa miviri wehurumende: ndiro dambudziko rokupaka mu guru (munyori Mikhail Blinkin), Ministry of Finance uye Ministry of Economic Development zviri kushandisa mutemo fiscal, izvo anoita pachiyero pachena chikwereti uye bhajeti mari, somuenzaniso. Mudyandigere kuchinja zvakare inopfuura pamusoro vaitaura "Strategy 2020", iyo kushingaira uye zvikuru mupfungwa kukurukurirana. Tingatii pamusoro kuchinja pokugara uye zvaiita mabasa ...

pasi rose

Nzira kuti inogona kuenderera mberi kwevanhu, akarondedzera muna 1987 uye vagamuchirwa neInternational Commission, uye nhasi hotly nharo nevatungamiriri venyika. A mashoko nezvokukosha nyaya iyi yakatanga akazivisa ne UN General Assembly. Panguva iyoyowo, nyika dzakawanda (uye Russia zvikurukuru) zvinoona musimboti kuvandudza, iyo inopa neHurumende basa uye yose veruzhinji kune zvizvarwa inonzi kugutsikana zvinodiwa.

Geographical zvinoumba nzira pakati inogona kuenderera mberi vanhu nhema iri chokwadi kuti zvakakosha kukurira heterogeneity kuti magariro evanhu. Kuti pave nheyo basa vomuUmambo nemagariro zvizvarwa kwave muenzaniso remangwana yebudiriro, apo zvitatu chokuita Economic, magariro uye zvakatipoteredza. Nzira kuti inogona kuenderera mberi kwezvakatipoteredza Somuenzaniso, anofanira kutungamirira kutsiga zvipenyu enyika nyika, kubvisa kutyisidzira kuvapo vanhu.