Yauza River muMoscow: kunobva uye urefu (mufananidzo)

Kudeuka mutero of Moscow River mukati guru Russia ndiyo rwizi Yauza. nharaunda Basin umo riri, ndizvo 452 km ^2. Kureba - 48 km nohupamhi zvichisiyana 20 kusvika 65 metres, kunyanya kuenderana imhaka hazvizivi pamubhedha kuwedzera. River runoyerera kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva uye nechepakati nzvimbo Moscow. Muna 1908, iye akanzi mukuru muganhu Moscow, munharaunda pakati yomukati nomubato-Kollezhkogo confluence p. Kopytovki. The floodplain rerwizi Yauza iri kuchamhembe-wokumabvazuva muruwa guru. It akapoteredzwa Mafuro diki uye minda. Power aqueous rukova 90% kubudikidza chando.

tsananguro

River Jauza ane 12 rechibharo zvakanaka (Chernogryazka, Sukromka nevamwe) uye akasiya 5 (Golden Horn, testis). On dzarwo akanga akwidziridza Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Water rukova runoyerera kuburikidza nemisha Tayninka, Bhari, maguta muMoscow uye Mytischi. On dzarwo dziri machechi Serafima Sarovskogo uye Sergiya Radonezhskogo, uye Andronikasi wemamonk. Zvisinei, izvi handizvo zvose zvinotyisa kuti kunogona kuonekwawo, akayangarara pamusoro payo. On Mahombekombe ayo shongedza nhare: Catherine uye Lefortovo. Mainozonodira Moskva River. Iyi nzvimbo iri muna Greater Ustinsky zambuko. Panobva Yauza rwizi - doro mupaki Elk Island.

nenzvimbo zvinhu

Jauza akatambanudzira muMoscow musi 27 km kubva Moscow Ring Road dzichiuya musi Broad Street. Runoyerera kuburikidza Babushkinskiy dzoruwa uye Sviblovo, Botanical Garden, Tariro Mira, uye ipapo muwisira "kumbundira" ari rakennus Sokolniki. Usati kupinda Moscow River, runoyerera kuburikidza Lefortovo uye pasi rusvingo.

The floodplain rerwizi Yauza akapotsa yaro dzinongoitika ezvinhu hwaponeswa chete munzvimbo pakati Stony chitsuwa uye Sokolniki. Tinogona kutaura kuti nzvimbo iyi haisi kukanganiswa nemakore kwemichina. Pano zviri zvishoma kufukidzwa dondo. Kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nzvimbo zvikuru swamped kana dongo muri masora. Mumakore 60-70. nokuda kwamabasa zvechigarire kuwedzera mubhedha yekudyidzana akaderedza pamwero remvura Yauza. Kuzadza nayo, yakanga yakavakwa migero unobva Volga bheseni, Khimki Reservoir uye Golovinskoye madziva. Nokuda kuvakwa yakadaro nzira mutsika Lihoborka vakazadzwa mvura, izvo rakabudisa mhiri rwizi Yauza.

toponymy

Mune dzimwe yaMakoronike yekare zita Yauza rwizi kwainge Auza. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti hydronym yakatanga kubva necheSalvic uye Finno-Ugric mitauro. Ungangove, zita "Yauza" rine chokuita kuBaltic shoko Auzes, uyewo appellatives ayo Auzaine, Auzajs, zvinoreva "ndebvu", "uswa", "oats dzinde."

Historical ruzivo pamusoro Yauza River

Mvura Yauza yave nguva dzose navigable, unobva kumaodzanyemba Russia pamwe Vladimir. In yaMakoronike dzekare zvainzi zvainge zvakakosha zvakakwana kuti guta nemvura. Muzana XVII remakore zvikepe yakavakwa pamusoro payo. Peter I, mambo wokupedzisira uye mambo Russia rokutanga, akarota kuti iye achava kubatana Volga uye Moskva River. Pano, muti, kwakaitika zvaAtemisi maseiri yakavakwa.

Zviwi pedyo Yauza dzichengeterwe chigayo kuti vachikuya zviyo, saka vanhu vanogara munharaunda, kunyanya mubasa kutengeswa chingwa. Munguva dzekare, rwizi inokosha zvokutengeserana pfungwa, asi nokukurumidza kukura zvigadzirwa nokukurumidza achirasa kukosha kwayo. Zvino inoshandiswa excursions kusvika muguta guru kuRussia, achiudza vanhu nyaya uye tichiratidza zvinotyisa.

Kugadzirwa wekushandisa

River Yauza muMoscow ndiye mumagwa, asi chete penguva kubva Kuchinja Square kusvikira Moscow River. On mvura iyerere vari 23 mabhiriji munofamba nevanhu, 28 - nokuti motokari, 6 - nokuti trams, uyewo 6 - njanji. Pano unogona kuona midziyo diki. Asi panguva hwokugadzira basa kazhinji tinogona kuwana ngarava hombe sangano "Mosvodostok". Zviri kambani mubasa kutsigira mamiriro yorwizi, akataririra kuchena kwayo.

zvikamu Navigable anganzi uye daro makiromita maviri kubva Yaroslavl panzira Bogatyrsky zambuko. Pane dzichitaridzika motorboats. Pakuvamba muna 2000, nharaunda iyi raishandiswa vavakezve Yauza, vachishandisa michina nemidziyo. Water kuyerera haana kumbosiyana munhu upamhi kukuru. Zvinenge zvose navigable nzvimbo dziri nhete zvakakwana - kwete kupfuura 25 m, kunze kwenguva headwater mugove kuti yakabatana Yauza waterworks. Yakafara anenge 65 m. Pano rwizi takapoteredzwa kongiri embankment, ane kureba iri 3 m.

Nzvimbo wekushandisa panoratidza chiratidzo "Usaita osiyana Mbambo." The dhamu iri akashongedzerwa red zviedza, suo Syromyatnicheskaya hydro - motokari mwenje.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kuMiddle Ages rwizi Yauza, photo, chipo mune zvitubu achirova runako, kwaikosha chaizvo kuti hurumende kupfuura zvino.

Syromyatnicheskiy waterworks

Syromyatnicheskiy waterworks yakavakwa 1940. Zvinonzi rakamiswa pamusoro Yauza River pedyo muromo wayo. The zita rinobva tanneries kugarwa, ndiyo inotevera. Pano zviri vakapakata "Modovodostoka" kupaka. Court of Justice dzesangano zvifambiswe marara inounganidzwa pamusoro Yauza uye Moskva rwizi, musi chaiwo hwaro, ubudise vakawanda yokuchenesa basa uye kuongorora zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro.

Makore gumi adarika, rokugadziridza akatakurwa ari waterworks. Panguva ino, pasuo zvizere akagadzira uye chakatsiva pasuwo dhamu. guta Kutarisirwa Kunyange asati akagadzira parusvingo embankments.

Flora uye fauna of

Panobva rwizi Yauza asina kunyanya kupfuma mune hove. Nechokumusoro kwerwizi aqueous rukova anogara knot, roach, uye nechepasi zvinogona kuonekwa asp, tariro, Pike. Pane dzichitaridzika shiri, mallard, tsanga bunting, Canada Goose, uyewo shiri zhinji dendere.

Sezvazviri vakamhura nzizi dzose, dzinoratidzwa zvirimwa zvakadai uye mhuka, zvose phytoplankton uye zooplankton, zoobenthos (Inonyanya zvikwevaropa uye mollusks), pemvura pamwe akayangarara mashizha uye pasi pemvura algae. On urombo rakadai kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka iri huru nzvimbo kwaitwa. Zvayaiva mumiganhu eguta uye kuva kuwanda zvinomera uye mafekitari pamusoro Mahombekombe ayo, rwizi kazhinji anongokurukurwa pakufamba yakasviba: mafuta tsvina uye untreated tsvina. Hove chete havagoni kurarama mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Masayendisiti ane Kashoma nevazhinji chepfu kunge akanyorwa.

A mashoko mashoma pamusoro Moscow River

Kutaura rwizi. Yauza, hatikwanise muromo wayo - the Moscow River. Ndicho chikuru tsinga yacho guru Russian Federation. kureba iri 502? km. Moscow River zvinobva hombe doro pedyo Starkogo (Smolensk nharaunda). Inoyerera kuguta Kolomna muna Oka. Kubvira munguva dzekare, zvakanga zvikuru chinokosha mvura muviri kuti hurumende, kubatanidza Novgorod uye Smolensk, asi Volga uye Don. Chete ukoshi zvazvinosarira nhasi. Nezvekwakabva rwizi zita riri chokuita Finno-Ugric, reBaltic necheSalvic mitauro. Chaiyo shanduro haako.

The Moscow River akawana anenge 30-35 mhando hove. The inonyanya bream, roach uye knot, ndoda Pike, bream, neKubhi, kabhu, knot neKubhi. Chete wehove wechokwadi rombo kubata Catfish, Ide, whitefish uye nase. Kuti vawedzere vanhu hove dzakadai Sturgeon, rwizi yakabereka furaya, inova goho nenzira chakagadzirwa nzira. Nokuda nemabasa evanhu ari Moscow River hove kushambira kubva pakugadzirisa pedyo nemvura reservoirs uye Fisheries. Kune vanhu vane mhuka dzakadai kabhu, muramba, kabhu, Rainbow uye sabrefish.

ikoroji

Nokuti kuti rwizi Yauza akapfuma maindasitiri, mune dzimwe nzvimbo karwizi yakazara nemarara, tsvina mvura, mafuta. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mvura vacho vainazvo munhuhwi zvakaipa.

Zvikurukuru, pakusvibiswa rwizi imhaka nesimbi, organics, rwoga nezvishoma, izvo zviri kushanda insoluble uye uchingounganidza ari choruzhinji. izvi zvose anoenda mvura kune makambani kuti umire dzarwo. Pakati peguta kusvibisa rwizi thawed, mvura uye mvura maindasitiri. Saka, mvura unhu iri kuipa.

Kubvira kare, rwizi yaiva chisingafadzi munhuhwi, pane zvinokuvadza effluents zhinji saka anobudiswa panguva chokubuda ichi. atova XIX remakore, Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mvura iri kuzivikanwa hazvina kukodzera kuti kunwa. Asi Yauza River Valley achiri vakakwanisa kuramba wemashiripiti kwayo. Zvinotora nzvimbo iri kuchamhembe-nechokumabvazuva Moscow. hunhu waro vanotarisa kwazvo rwokuzvarwa, chinokwezva veko nomufaro ndiani achauya kufaranuka uye kuva nenguva yakanaka. Makore akawanda akapfuura, guta kutarisira aisa kuti chikamu rwizi, achichipa hwomutambarakede uye aesthetic chitarisiko: Isa pabhenji uye achisimbisa kumhenderekedzo, yakagadzirwa nzira.

Guta guru Russian ane zvinopfuura 100 madhamu. Panguva iyoyowo rwizi Yauza inoita basa rinokosha muupenyu muguta uye haana bvumidza kukosha chikuru tsinga, iyo Moscow River. Zvinokanganisawo basa akaitwa zhinji, uye pakuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nemamiriro ake ezvinhu. About Yauza River vanhu anoziva kwemazana emakore akawanda, inobatanidzwa zhinji evanhu uye zviitiko zvinokosha muupenyu Russia. On dzarwo ndivo miti uye dzimba dzemamongi, zvikoro uye mumapaki, nhandare uye dzoushe, mumaraibhurari uye zvivako zvinoshamisa pamwe pakakwirira uye mapurani ani. The floodplain rerwizi Yauza inosanganisira mudhamu, yakanaka uye zvinonakidza chitarisiko chavo.